Hasil untuk "Ecology"

D. Worster

I. Hiscock

translation yields a style of presentation that is often stilted and awkward. A partially redeeming feature, and perhaps unique in this kind of publication , is a 60-question-and-answer chapter which gives a rapid and practical orientation to the physician prescribing these pills and the patient receiving them. Despite this pleasant surprise, the book in general does not add to what is already known and available in a variety of better written volumes. This book concerns the structure of natural communities, the function of ecosystems, and the problems of man's relations to the biosphere. It is a companion volume to The Ecology of Populations. The biosphere is defined as man's environment, which man is now altering in ways disadvantageous to himself; the study of living systems in relation to environment is the science of ecology. Major subjects of chapters deal with: community structure and composition; communities and environments; production (measurement, on land, marine); cycling and pollution; human ecology. Numerous figures and tables illustrate the text, and there are many valuable references. The auther points out that it may be only realism to judge that the difficult problems of human ecology are not now soluble without population control. There are rapidly intensifying, interlocking factors, with development of restraints on population and technological abuse to be considered in the solution of environmental problems: Such is one of the objectives of ecology. These objectives include knowledge of adaptation and population process, appreciation and understanding of natural communities and the evolution of organisms in them, comprehension of the function of ecosystems and the bio-sphere, and contribution to a wiser and more understanding, long-term management of natural communities and environment in relation to human needs. The authors have presented a synopsis of the present and potential difficulties confronting the health industry, rather than an in-depth study of the conflicts. The scope of material dealt with is broad, the analysis of the various topics cursory. As such, the book may best serve a general professional and lay readership wishing to gain some perspective on the area without being burdened with weighty detail. Several of the points are made repetitively in the essays that comprise this work; the essays themselves suffer from a lack of continuity. It was my hope when I chose to review this book written by the noted economist interested in manpower development that I would encounter a well-documented discussion of several of the economic …

J. P. Grime, R. Hunt

D. Strong, D. Simberloff, L. G. Abele et al.

J. Franklin, H. Shugart, M. Harmon

D. Sonenshine

G. Hewitt

J. Thompson

V. Devictor, J. Clavel, R. Julliard et al.

R. Howarth, Robert Costanza, J. Cumberland et al.

W. Fagan, M. Lewis, M. Auger‐Méthé et al.

Alexandra Segerberg, W. Bennett

D. Ackerly, William K. Cornwell

T. Ings, José M. Montoya, Jordi Bascompte et al.

T. Hilmers, Nicolas Friess, C. Bässler et al.

1Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany 2Department of Ecology – Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, PhilippsUniversität Marburg, Marburg, Germany 3Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany 4Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Wien, Austria 5Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany

J. Kaye, P. Groffman, N. Grimm et al.

Luisa Ferrari, Massimo Ventrucci, Alex Laini

Understanding the relative contributions of environmental, spatial, and temporal processes in shaping species distribution is a central objective in ecology. Bayesian species distribution models (SDMs) offer a flexible framework for this task, yet prior specification for variance components remains challenging. To address this issue, we adapt the Hierarchical Decomposition (HD) prior framework to latent Gaussian SDMs, enabling direct and transparent prior control over variance partitioning. The HD approach reparametrizes variances into a total variance and a set of interpretable proportions, structured through a decomposition tree that reflects both model architecture and ecologically meaningful groupings of effects. We discuss a principled approach for a default tree design tailored to SDMs and a practical workflow for the step-by-step implementation of the method. The framework is illustrated using presence--absence data for 39 demersal fish species from the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center fall bottom trawl survey. Results demonstrate predictive performance comparable to established priors, while providing substantially improved interpretability and transparency in variance attribution and prior sensitivity analysis.

Yu Chen, Xiaoxue Shen, Chunhua Yan et al.

Abstract Accurate estimation of mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks is essential for effective blue carbon management. Significant interspecific variations in carbon storage capacity and estimation methods arise due to species-specific biophysical characteristics, highlighting the need for precise mangrove species identification and species-level carbon stock assessment. However, limited studies assessed mangrove carbon stocks at species-level. This study, conducted in the Gaoqiao Mangrove Nature Reserve in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, applied UAV multispectral technology to simultaneously acquire spectral, structural and textural vegetation feature variables for mangrove species identification and established species-specific carbon stock models, thereby achieving species-level carbon stock estimation. Results showed that (1) by integrating spectral and structural features, the study achieved 89.87% overall accuracy in species identification. (2) Species-level carbon stock estimation models, incorporating spectral, structural and textural feature variables alongside field-measured carbon data, demonstrated strong predictive performance (R2 = 0.48-0.95). (3) The most effective vegetation feature variables for carbon estimation varied significantly across species, emphasizing the necessity of accounting for species heterogeneity in mangrove carbon stock estimations. (4) Carbon stocks exhibited significant interspecific variation, with Rhizophora stylosa demonstrating the highest aboveground (97.06 t hm⁻2) and belowground (37.22 t hm⁻2) stocks, compared to Aegiceras corniculatum’s minimum values of 49.14 and 19.88 t hm⁻2, respectively. This study established a UAV-based multispectral framework for mangrove species-level carbon stock estimation and provided new insights for mangrove carbon assessment and management by demonstrating the importance of considering species-specific influences on carbon stocks and their estimation.

H. Morlon

D. Strayer, J. Downing, W. Haag et al.