Osman Fatih Arpağ, Fariz Selimli, Ahmet Can Haskan
et al.
Purpose: Osteotoxicity is a well-recognized adverse effect of Methotrexate (MTX) therapy, primarily driven by oxidative stress and impaired bone remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Tempol, a membrane-permeable nitroxide antioxidant, against MTX-induced osteotoxicity, and to assess how these effects are influenced by ML210, a glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor. Methods: Murine osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells were treated with MTX alone, Tempol alone, or a combination of MTX with Tempol and ML210. Apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2), MAPK signaling proteins (p-JNK, p-ERK), and oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS, SOD, GPx) were measured via ELISA to evaluate the redox and apoptotic responses. Results: MTX significantly induced apoptosis, as evidenced by increased caspase-3 activity and Bax expression, along with decreased Bcl-2 levels. MTX also activated the MAPK pathway by upregulating p-JNK and p-ERK. Furthermore, MTX decreased TAS, SOD, and GPx levels, while increasing TOS. Tempol treatment successfully reversed these effects, restoring apoptotic balance, inhibiting MAPK activation, and enhancing antioxidant capacity. However, co-treatment with ML210 markedly attenuated Tempol’s protective effects, resulting in sustained oxidative stress, elevated apoptotic markers, and persistent MAPK pathway activation. This suggests that Tempol’s cytoprotective actions are dependent on functional GPX4 activity. Conclusion: Tempol exhibits strong potential as an adjunctive antioxidant therapy to counteract MTX-induced osteotoxicity. Nevertheless, its efficacy is significantly influenced by the status of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme GPX4. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into Tempol’s mechanism of action in redox-dependent pathways and its suitability in clinical settings, especially where GPX4 function may be compromised.
Zahra Mardani, Ali Salehi, Fatemeh Jabbarpor
et al.
Background and aim: Artificial intelligence has garnered significant attention recently, and its application in medicine and dentistry has been proposed. However, few studies have been done in the field of dental implants. Investigating the factors affecting its accuracy is also very important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence in bone density in implant surgery.
Material and methods: The relevant published literature was gathered through a systematic search of four electronic databases: Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Cochrane. The developed PICO question served as the basis for the search terms. Only articles published in English within the previous five years (January 2019 and February 2025) were included in the search. The accuracy of AI was used as an effect size in a fixed-effects model and inverse-variance methods, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). All data analysis was performed using Stata.v18 software (latest version; year 2025).
Results: Artificial intelligence-guided implant surgery was 87% accurate (ES 0.87, 95% CI: -0.01, 1.75). According to meta-regression, a higher bone density increased the risk of angular and implant apex deviations.
Conclusions: According to the present meta-analysis, the accuracy of the implant pattern designed with artificial intelligence is high, and bone density is higher than the reasons that can lead to implant deviation.
Pedro Henrique Silva Gomes-Ferreira, Paula Buzo Frigério, Nathália Dantas Duarte
et al.
(1) Background: The challenges in Implantology involve the development of alternative methods to enhance bone repair in patients with systemic conditions, such as osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a local anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) on the functionalization of titanium implant surfaces through a dip-coating technique in peri-implant bone repair. (2) Methods: A total of 32 female rats were separated into four groups (n = 8): SHAM NT (Sham surgery), OVX NT (ovariectomy), SHAM Scl-Ab (SHAM; implants functionalized with Scl-Ab), and OVX Scl-Ab (OVX; implants functionalized with Scl-Ab). Implant surgery was executed 30 days after ovariectomy, and the rats were euthanized 28 days postoperatively. The right tibia was used for removal torque and RT-PCR, while the left tibia was collected for micro-CT and laser confocal microscopy. (3) Results: Functionalization with Scl-Ab significantly increased the gene expression of bone markers, especially ALP, in the SHAM Scl-Ab group compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Some parameters of this study indicate that implants functionalized with anti-sclerostin bone anabolic drug enhance peri-implant bone repair, especially in healthy rats. However, more studies must be carried out to confirm the therapeutic benefits of this approach.
Zaki Hakami, Ahmed Mohammed Alassiry, Arwa J. Mohana
et al.
Introduction:
Increased smartphone accessibility has enhanced the speed and diversity of the dissemination of data, ideas, and thoughts. Notably, patients often turn to social media platforms to gather information on treatment options, share personal experiences, offer opinions, and choose the best health-care providers. Social media has been employed to distribute health information.
Aims:
This study aimed to analyze the content regarding orthodontic functional appliances posted on various social media platforms.
Materials and Methods:
The study analyzed content posted in August 2020 on four social media sites, namely, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, and Reddit, focusing on terms related to orthodontic functional appliances. Data from the first 100 posts per keyword were collected and then recorded and coded in spreadsheets. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed to elucidate the nature of the posted content.
Results and Discussion:
A total of 1204 posts were included in the study. Of these, 29.8.2% were photos and 51.8% were videos. Majority of the posts (65.3%) were about information sharing and uploaded by doctors (51.2%). The type of malocclusion was described as Class II in 18.4% of the posts but not specified in 72.8%. The overall usefulness of the posts was low. Posts of photos, posts on Instagram, and posts by doctors were found to be more significantly useful (P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Patients, doctors, and academics extensively use social media platforms to disseminate orthodontic information. However, more useful posts on orthodontic functional appliances should be uploaded, including those on treatment effectiveness, patient experience, and patient–clinician relationships, which have been widely disregarded.
Context: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is considered the cornerstone in achieving anesthesia for mandibular molars. However, failure of routine lignocaine IANB to achieve profound anesthesia of the pulp has been reported in patients with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 has proven to provide total pain relief during most dental procedures. Aims: This study aimed to assess and compare the pain perception level in children using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during root canal treatment after administering 4% articaine buccal infiltration (BI), 4% articaine IANB, and 2% lignocaine IANB. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-seven children aged 8–12 years, requiring root canal treatment of mandibular first permanent molars with MIH were randomly allocated into three groups - 4% articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) BI, 4% articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) IANB, and 2% lignocaine IANB. The efficacy of the anesthetic was determined by rating the pain perception of the child using a VAS. Statistical Analysis Used: The scores marked by the children on the VAS were recorded and were statistically analyzed. Data were entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 17.0. Results: Patients anesthetized with 4% articaine IANB presented lesser pain scores compared to IANB with 2% lidocaine and 4% articaine BI on access opening and instrumentation of the root canals. Conclusion: 4% articaine IANB has better anesthetic efficacy than 4% articaine BI and 2% lignocaine IANB in anesthetising mandibular first permanent molars with MIH.
Dragos Epistatu, Octavian-Marius Dinca, Cristian Vladan
et al.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term changes of sinus lift material. Materials and methods: We included a total number of 35 patients (20 men and 15 women), between 32 and 80 years old, evaluated on a timeframe of up to 11.6 years. Diverse biomaterials were used (allograft, xenograft, alloplastic, combinations of them), with autologous bone in some cases. Results: The appearance of the top plane of the bone over time took a large dome shape (36% of cases), a linear shape (32% of cases), an irregular shape (23% of cases), or had micro domes above the implants (7%). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding age. The radiological density of the biomaterial tended to equalize that of the native bone. The final vertical dimensions seemed to be independent of the initial native bone height but seemed to be correlated with the amount of applied biomaterial. For the study group, the biomaterial contracted on average by 10% for the maximum height (H max) and 20% for the minimum height (H min), which can explain the tendency of the upper border of the biomaterial to curve. The annual H max contraction ranged from −0.09 to +0.18 with a mean value of 2.67% (SD = 0.04, CI: [0.011, 0.041]). The median value was 1.8%. The annual H min contraction ranged from −0.24 to +0.24, with a mean value of 4.33% (SD = 0.07, CI: [0.021, 0.065]). The median value was 3.59%. There were no statistically significant gender differences (Mann–Whitney U, <i>p</i> = 0.483, <i>p</i> = 0.642). The additional application of biomaterial together with the implants seemed to have a beneficial effect on the final vertical dimension of the bio-transformed material.
Tamer A. Al-Shafie, Engy A. Mahrous, Mustafa Shukry
et al.
Increasing cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy by amending aberrant metabolism using plant extracts represents a promising strategy to lower chemotherapy doses while retaining the same therapeutic outcome. Here, we incubated HepG2 cells with four plant extracts that were selected based on an earlier assessment of their cytotoxicity, viz asparagus, green tea, rue, and avocado, separately, before treatment with doxorubicin. MTT assays elucidated a significant decrease in doxorubicin-IC<sub>50</sub> following HepG2 incubation with each extract, albeit to a variable extent. The investigated extract’s ultra-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS and GC/MS) revealed several constituents with anticancer activity. Biochemical investigation displayed several favorable effects, including the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor1α (HIF1α), c-Myc, pyruvate kinase-M2 (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutaminase by asparagus and rue extracts. To less extent, HIF1α, c-Myc, PKM2, and LDH-A were partially inhibited by green tea extract, and HIF1α and glutaminase activity was inhibited by avocado oil. Undesirably, green tea extract increased glutaminase; avocado oil rose c-Myc, and both increased G6PD. In conclusion, our study confirms the potential cytotoxic effects of these plant extracts. It highlights a strong association between the ability of asparagus, green tea, rue, and avocado to sensitize HepG2 cells to doxorubicin and their power to amend cell metabolism, suggesting their use as add-on agents that might aid in clinically lowering the doxorubicin dose.
Jianan Wang, Emily S. Nichols, Emily S. Nichols
et al.
BackgroundVolumetric measurements of fetal brain maturation in the third trimester of pregnancy are key predictors of developmental outcomes. Improved understanding of fetal brain development trajectories may aid in identifying and clinically managing at-risk fetuses. Currently, fetal brain structures in magnetic resonance images (MRI) are often manually segmented, which requires both time and expertise. To facilitate the targeting and measurement of brain structures in the fetus, we compared the results of five segmentation methods applied to fetal brain MRI data to gold-standard manual tracings.MethodsAdult women with singleton pregnancies (n = 21), of whom five were scanned twice, approximately 3 weeks apart, were recruited [26 total datasets, median gestational age (GA) = 34.8, IQR = 30.9–36.6]. T2-weighted single-shot fast spin echo images of the fetal brain were acquired on 1.5T and 3T MRI scanners. Images were first combined into a single 3D anatomical volume. Next, a trained tracer manually segmented the thalamus, cerebellum, and total cerebral volumes. The manual segmentations were compared with five automatic methods of segmentation available within Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) and FMRIB’s Linear Image Registration Tool (FLIRT) toolboxes. The manual and automatic labels were compared using Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs). The DSC values were compared using Friedman’s test for repeated measures.ResultsComparing cerebellum and thalamus masks against the manually segmented masks, the median DSC values for ANTs and FLIRT were 0.72 [interquartile range (IQR) = 0.6–0.8] and 0.54 (IQR = 0.4–0.6), respectively. A Friedman’s test indicated that the ANTs registration methods, primarily nonlinear methods, performed better than FLIRT (p < 0.001).ConclusionDeformable registration methods provided the most accurate results relative to manual segmentation. Overall, this semi-automatic subcortical segmentation method provides reliable performance to segment subcortical volumes in fetal MR images. This method reduces the costs of manual segmentation, facilitating the measurement of typical and atypical fetal brain development.
Amy Nindia Carabelly, Maharani Lallyza Apriasari, Irnamanda Dwipura
et al.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The approximate prevalence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) was 45.42% at Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital Banjarmasin. Bacillus sp. is a bacterium that can form spores that can be transmitted through air, dust, water and food. Poor oral conditions will increase the possibility of bacterial contamination, especially for ulcers found in RAS. This study aimed to analyzed correlation between the presence of Bacillus species and OHI-S in the oral ulceration of RAS patients. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among Oral Medicine Department outpatients at Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. A total of 38 subjects were examined to assess Oral Hygiene Index Simplified and obtained bacteria samples using the swabs technique. Bacteria were then inoculated in blood agar base media and concurrently presented with gram staining. Bacteria were then identified using the catalase test, urease test, and oxidase test. Results: Bacillus species were predominantly identified in oral ulceration of RAS patients at Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital Banjarmasin. Bacillus sp. (60,5%), Streptococcus sp. (34,2%), Neisseria sp. (2,6%), and Lactobacillus sp. (2,6%) were found in ulcerated RAS lesions. Spearman test resulted in p = 0.862 (p > 0.05), where no significant difference was obtained between presence of bacillus species and OHI-s in recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients. Conclusion: Bacillus species were predominantly identified in oral ulceration of RAS patients a. However, the presence of Bacillus sp. was not associated with OHI-S in RAS patients.
Keywords: bacillus sp.; oral hygiene index simplified; recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Junta Directiva ALOP Comité Organizador I Congreso Virtual ALOP
Este año habíamos pensado reunirnos una vez más en un encuentro de ALOP, que se han caracterizado porque además de la academia se disfruta de la alegría, el compañerismo y una gran camaradería entre los colegas de toda Latinoamérica. Teníamos además gran expectativa porque sería la primera vez que contaríamos con odontopediatras de la península ibérica. Pero no podíamos imaginar que iba a ocurrir una pandemia que modificó la vida en todo el mundo.
Aim. This study aimed to determine the residual filling material and the reestablishment of working length and apical patency after retreatment of TotalFill® BC Sealer.Materials and methods. Thirty maxillary incisors were used in a single cone obturation technique with TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG, Switzerland) and randomly divided into 6 groups according to the retreatment technique. The samples were scanned by micro-CT before and after retreatment in order to evaluate the residual filling material on the root dentin walls. Data were analyzed statistically with the Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05).Results. No instrumental protocol was able to remove all obturation material from the root canals. The differences in reduction in the total volume of filling material percentage were statistically significant (p < 0.05) among groups with and without ultrasound or sound activation in retreatment protocol.Conclusions. The most effective root canal retreatment was determined with D-Race + XP-endo Shaper + XP-Endo Finisher R + US (3.0 W) protocol; it was found that the efficiency of filling material removal was more than 92%.
Background: One of the most common maxillary abnormalities is transverse deficiency, which
can be a contributory factor in malocclusions. There are some evidence of successful non-surgical
treatment of this type of discrepancy after puberty by using maxillary expansion techniques. The
Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) method is a newly introduced method that
has attracted the interest of many orthodontists. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic results
of this technique in a systematic review.
Materials and Methods: In this study, various databases including PubMed, Scopus, and
ISI (Web of science) were queried with proper keywords, provided by PICO strategy of research,
from 1980 to December 2020. Relevant articles were collected with restrictions on the English language.
The full text of papers with all inclusion criteria was assessed. The therapeutic outcomes of
MARPE were evaluated in the selected studies.
Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the systematic review. Totally, 5 case report studies,
8 retrospective studies, and 1 case series study were reviewed. Cone-beam computed tomography
was used as an outcome measure in all studies. In all reviewed studies, maxillary expansion
occurred with high success rates in patients. Moreover, respiratory characteristics were also assessed
in two studies measuring respiratory muscle strength, airflow and nasal and nasopharyngeal
airway volume, showing benefits of MARPE. A study also examined three-dimensional soft tissue
stereophotogrammetry. Based on these studies, the indication for using this method was a maxillary
transverse deficiency as well as upper and lower arches crowding. No serious complications
were reported in any of the reviewed studies. However, most studies did not perform long-term
follow-ups and the age range of the subjects was mainly between 12 and 24 years. MARPE has
been suggested as a treatment modality for correction of maxillary transverse deficiency in young
adults but patients under the age of 14 may also benefit from this treatment in special conditions.
Conclusion: A general review of the results of studies showed the high efficiency of MARPE
technique in correcting maxillary transverse deficiency.
Keywords: Maxillary transverse deficiency; Crossbite; Miniscrew; Miniscrew-assisted rapid
palatal expander (MARPE).
Guilherme Nilson ALVES DOS SANTOS, Cacilda Castelo Branco LIMA, Ananda Souza PEREIRA
et al.
Abstract Introduction Sugar ingestion is the most important isolated factor related to dental caries. Contact with sugary foods at an early age may represent a risk to the oral health of preschool children. Objective To evaluate the timing of the introduction of sugar in the diet of preschoolers and its association with early childhood caries. Material and method Cross-sectional population-based study with 888 five-year-old preschoolers from public and private schools. Parents answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, eating habits and oral health. The variables timing of sugar introduction (>1 year and ≤1 year) and dental caries experience were dichotomized and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression (p<0.05). Result The introduction of sugar in the diet occurred during the first twelve months of life for 73.8% of preschoolers. There was no association between the timing of sugar introduction and early childhood caries (p>0.05). The interruption of exclusive breastfeeding and low family income increased the prevalence of preschoolers having early contact with sugar by 32% and 23%, respectively (p<0.05). The prevalence of early childhood caries was 42.3% and was associated with a lower level of maternal education, low income, increased frequency of ingestion of candy and the use of nonfluoridated toothpaste (p<0.05). Conclusion The introduction of sugar in the diet occurred during the first year of life in most preschoolers and there was no association with early childhood caries.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between expressions of five periodontal pathogens (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and the periodontal pocket depth (PD) in people suffering from periodontitis. A study of 1164 plaque samples from individuals with periodontitis were conducted by multiplex real-time quantitative fluorescence-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the PD and loads of five periodontal pathogens. The total bacterial number did not differ significantly between people with different subtypes of periodontitis. However, expression of specific pathogens (Pg, Td, Tf, Pi) showed a significant increase with the development of periodontitis. Expression of Pg, Td and Tf showed close correlation between them as well as with PD. Analyses of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that expression of Pg, Td, Tf and Pi had good potential for grading periodontitis severity. We found a close correlation between the relative expression of Pg, Td and Tf and PD. Measuring expression of target bacteria in the oral cavity could facilitate the understanding of the role of bacteria in periodontitis. Taking the appropriate steps to eliminate these pathogens might aid the prevention of periodontitis development.