Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Akindele Abimibayo Adeoya

Objective: Health literacy (HL) is the ability to access, understand, evaluate, and apply health information for well-being. However, comparisons between domestic and international students remain limited. This study aims to investigate HL among Japanese and international university students in Japan and explore the factors that influence it. Methods: This cross-sectional study used both the English and Japanese versions of the 47-item European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47). Using convenience sampling, a total of 1366 university students across six regions in Japan who provided informed consent participated in this self-administered, online-based survey. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA and multiple regression were conducted as appropriate at a 0.05 alpha level using JMP statistical software (version 17.0.0) Results: The results revealed that 60 % and 32 % of participants had inadequate and problematic HL, respectively, indicating that 92 % of all students had limited HL. International students exhibited better HL than Japanese university students (p < 0.0001), a difference that remained after adjusting for sociodemographic and educational factors (β = 3.39, 95 % confidence interval = 2.83 – 3.95, p < 0.0001). The competency of “appraising” within the healthcare domain presented the greatest challenge for international students, whereas “understanding” within the disease prevention domain was most difficult for Japanese students. Furthermore, the results indicated a strong association between HL and sociodemographic factors such as age, level of study, marital status, and religious affiliation. In contrast, health literacy showed an inverse association with economic status, program of study and parental education level. There was an observable trend between improved Japanese language proficiency and improved HL among international students. Conclusion: International students in Japan demonstrated better HL than Japanese university students. Educational institutions must take a more proactive role in fostering HL for all students through general health education and peer-to-peer programs to create a more informed, healthy, and productive student community.

Lesia Pahulich

The article explores how anti-Roma racism results from the complex interplay of imperial histories and is influenced by racial thinking shaped by colonialism. Looking at the diverse primary and secondary historiographic resources about Romani people across Europe, the article shows how intra-European hierarchies set the stage for racial logic and points out the complex interplay of factors contributing to anti-Roma racism. Specifically, the article delineates how race, religion, and the rise of capitalism intersect in the racialization of Romani people in Europe, including Eastern Europe. In doing so, I interweave the fields of critical race and critical Romani studies to explore the mechanisms leading to the racialization of Roma. To understand the roots of anti-Roma racism, I examine historical processes of intra- European othering of Romani people as entangled with European modernity and colonialism. The article illuminates how Roma were placed among racialized and itinerant groups of valuable labor while they simultaneously were ostracized and persecuted as “vagrants” and “barbarians,” deemed “unwilling to work,” and inscribed with markers of non-whiteness, foreignness, and criminality. In this way, the capitalist logic established a white European norm in relation to which Roma were constructed and positioned.

Dženeta Karabegović, Asya Metodieva

This paper bridges research on countering violent extremism (CVE), where the role of ethnic and religious diaspora in deradicalization has been understudied and undertheorized, with diaspora and migration literature, which emphasizes diaspora actors as having their own agency and claim-making potential within larger transnational processes. Based on a review of both literatures and insights from interviews, we identify challenges and opportunities presented by the Austrian context and how they contribute to the understanding of the role of diaspora communities in deradicalization processes. Austria presents a relevant case study for several reasons. First, its radical milieu has a long history beginning with the emergence of the jihadi Salafi scene in the 90s and manifesting with foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) who joined ISIS between 2012 and 2017. Second, Austria hosts diverse diaspora populations that consist of multiple generations and is a highly politicized environment. This paper helps contextualize policy responses to foreign fighters. We argue that while diaspora belonging is not the main factor leading to radicalization, social networks that emerge from diasporas play a role in such processes. Thus, policies should de-emphasize religious and ethnic identities and empower social actors within diaspora communities to promote resilience against radicalization.

Marcos Antonio da Silva

Trata-se de resenha da obra ‘Las crisis en el desarrollo económico de Cuba’, de Hiram Marquetti Nodarse (Buenos Aires/México: CLACSO/CALAS, 2021).

Ran Yi

What aspires ageing migrants to spend their later life in a foreign land? Indeed, as of June 2019, over 32 million migrants globally are aged 65 and above, accounting for 12% of the total migrant population (IOM 2022). The median age and the proportion of overseas-born residents aged 55 and above have gradually increased, as the median age of migrants was 39 in 2019 (UN 2019:27), and major host countries like Finland and Portugal reported that more than half of the increase in migrant populations were contributed by older generations (Ciobanu et al. 2017: 164). So what motivates seasoned generations to age away from their homeland in spite of uncertainties of resources and opportunities to support themselves through employment, social care, community engagement, and a renewed sense of belonging?

Lo Feudo, Michela

This study will analyse the literary specificities of Le Cancanier, a satirical newspaper founded in Haiti in 1841, and reflect on the role played by this publication in the journalistic field of the time. In a cultural context in the process of formation and strongly influenced by the French model, Le Cancanier uses the “rire petite presse” which was increasingly widespread under the July Monarchy. Its weapons – such as the charge verbale, the blague, the supercherie littéraire –, the fruit of a renewed conception of comedy, are adapted to the context of reception. They are mobilised to fuel polemics and to participate, in an eccentric and provocative manner, in a cultural and political debate, the contours of which we will try to outline.

Horacio Espinosa, Marta Contijoch

Lo que aquí presentamos se encuentra a medio camino de la antropología de la migración y la antropología de la religión, procurando profundizar en como la filiación y la práctica religiosa puede devenir un instrumento de adaptación al asentamiento de un determinado colectivo en un contexto urbano. Partiendo del modo en que los manteros de origen senegalés en Barcelona han sido objeto de una persecución política, mediática y jurídico-policial, prestamos atención a las dinámicas de articulación entre procesos de adaptación de colectivos de trabajadores informales y sus prácticas rituales-asociativas de naturaleza formalmente mística. Además de matizar ciertas asunciones sobre el papel de las cofradías sufís en la diáspora senegalesa, tratamos de mostrar cómo la práctica religiosa popular provee de herramientas para hacer frente a las dificultades derivadas de la dedicación al comercio informal, por parte de estos jóvenes senegaleses en Barcelona.

Nataša Rogelja

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Daniele Argenio

In 1551, Nicolas de Nicolay traveled across the Ottoman Empire, escorting the ambassador of the Kingdom of France. As a result of this experience he wrote a travelogue which was a great success. This article analyzes how this author was able to use his knowledge of the classical literature in his representation of the Ottoman world in the perspective of his career in the service of French monarchy.

Erica Righard

Professional social work was established and expanded in a historical moment marked by intense nation-building; it was organized along and in parallel with other welfare state services which functioned to strengthen the nation-state. Today social work is at practice in a society marked by intensified globalisation; social needs and social problems that social workers are confronted with in their professional practice are sometimes transnational in their dynamics and cannot adequately be understood when limited to a local or national context. Drawing on insights from the transnational perspective, this article identifies challenges and ways ahead in the development of social work practice and theory with relevance for the globalised society. It argues that the transnational perspective can contribute to the dissolving of binaries between both ‘here’ and ‘there’, and ‘us’ and ‘them’ in social work, and pave the way for approaching social problems from a relational viewpoint beyond ‘given’ territorial and ethnocultural lenses.

Philip Lalander, Marcus Herz

The term ‘anchor child’ implicates that, to create future homes in another country, parents supposedly use their children by sending them on a mission as ‘unaccompanied minors’. Since the term is sometimes used in public debate, our aim is to use elements of this stereotype to analyse and contrast it to the young people’s own narratives. Through repeated interviews and observations with 23 unaccompanied children living in Sweden over the course of one year, this article provides complex narratives of the decision to escape, the rationality of the escape plan and the ways in which the young people reflect on possible future reunion with their families. Results show that their flight and its outcome is related to the young people’s agency during a struggle for survival affected by current political and social contexts, making the tendency to interpret the children’s situation through a ‘Western’ nuclear family rationality highly problematic.

Hoa Pham

We are Vietnamese - A reflection on being Vietnamese-Australian is a creative non fiction piece concerning being a Vietnamese-Australian author in the present day. It explores Hoa’s meeting with Pham Thi Hoai, a Vietnamese author in exile in Berlin, and her encounters with Thich Nhat Hanh the Vietnamese Zen Master. It also interrogates the cultural perceptions of Vietnam in Australia and Hoa’s own subject position as a published Asian Australian author. We are Vietnamese - A reflection on being Vietnamese-Australian est un essais sur ce que signifie être un auteur australo-vietnamien aujourd’hui. Il explore deux rencontres marquantes de l’auteure : l’une avec Pham Thi Hoai, une écrivaine vietnamienne en exile à Berlin, et l’autre avec Thich Nhat Hanh, le grand maître zen vietnamien. Il remet aussi en question les perceptions culturelles du Vietnam en Australie et la propre situation de Hoa en tant qu’auteure autralo-vietnamienne.

Andrea Ruiz Balzola

The aim of the present article is to describe a process of mobility and construction of the territory that challenges the logics of borders and the categories related to the nation-state. This is well illustrated by the case study of the transnational trade of the kichwa otavalo. From here, we examine the challenges that processes like the later represent for the analytical framework that explains migratory movements within a territorial logic associated with the classical notion of citizenship.

Osvaldo Rodrigues Junior

Este artigo discute as aproximações entre a forma escolar e os manuais de Didática da História destinados a professores no Brasil. O presente trabalho parte da discussão indicada por Vincent, Lahire e Thin (2001) sobre a relação entre a forma escolar e os manuais ou “tratados”. Desta forma, buscou-se identificar a relação entre a constituição da disciplina de História e os manuais de Didática da História no Brasil. A partir desta discussão inicial analisou-se o estado da arte das pesquisas sobre manuais de Didática da História no Brasil permitindo algumas inferências: 1) existe uma relação intrínseca entre a forma escolar e os manuais didáticos; 2) os manuais de Didática da História se relacionam intrinsecamente com a constituição da disciplina de História no Brasil; 4) os manuais de Didática da História respondem a um tipo de formação de professores no Brasil

Joaquín Eguren

Documentos del Observatorio Permanente de la Inmigración, 2007, 255 pp.

Patrick Cabanel

Matthew Graves

The assassination of the King of Yugoslavia, Alexander Ist by Croatian terrorists during a state visit to Marseilles on 9 October 1934 is commemorated by a modest plaque on the Canebière and a little known monument outside the Préfecture. Although the histories of the period cite the event in passing, it is treated as a footnote in the political history of France and has been all but erased from the memory of the city. While there are good reasons for forgetting the episode – regicide does no favours for the reputation of a host nation or city and the French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou was accidentally shot by the French police – the double killing had multiple ramifications for France's interior and foreign affairs during the rise of fascism in Europe. It advanced the career of future Vichy Prime Minister Pierre Laval, who replaced Barthou as Foreign Minister, while French efforts to contain the threat of German expansionism by forging alliances with the Central European powers died with Barthou; King Alexander Ist's successor moved Yugoslavia into the camp of the Axis powers. Geopolitically, the system of collective security forged at Versailles collapsed in the wake the assassination. The incident in Marseilles highlights political tensions in France in the troubled inter-war years leading up to the emergence of the Front Populaire. It reveals the memorial agencies of core and periphery engaged in a struggle over the rights to remembrance. Above all, it poses the problem of the preservation of peripheral and traumatic episodes in collective memory and suggests that political violence constitutes a social periphery of its own, contributing to Marseille's "mauvaise réputation" as the French capital's negative, meridional 'other'.

Marjan Drnovšek

Dorica Makuc, novinarka in soavtorica dokumentarne televizijske serije Po sledovih Slovencev po svetu, se je v svojem časnikarskem in publicističnem delu zanimala za številno majhne in marginalne evropske etnične skupine, npr. Katalonce, Rome in druge. Življenjsko in z delom vezana na Primorsko se je lotila tudi zanimivega in specifičnega “primorskega” izseljenskega pojava, tj. odhajanja deklet in žena iz spodnjevipavske doline, Goriške in Krasa na delo v Egipt od srede 19. stoletja dalje. Odhajanje žensk v to afriško deželo ni bilo značilno samo za slovenska dekleta, ampak sledimo podobnemu izseljevanju tudi iz nekaterih krajev bližnje Furlanije. ''Aleksandrinke", sprva imenovane tudi “Netnsaui” (Nemke, saj so prihajale iz Avstroogrske), kasneje pa “Les Goriciennes” ali “Les Slovenes”, so bile zaposlene kot služkinje oz. sobarice, varuhinje otrok in dojilje pri bolj ali manj bogatih družinah poslovnežev v Aleksandriji in drugih egipčanskih krajih. Po narodnosti so bili delodajalci različnega izvora, med njimi Angleži, Francozi, Italijani in drugi. Specifično jezikovno okolje je od njih zahtevalo ne samo fizično delo, temveč tudi dodatno izobraževanje, kar je bilo pomembno zlasti za varuhinje otrok. Drugačen civilizacijski in kulturni prostor je marsikatero Slovenko odbijal, mnoge pa tudi privlačil in ne nazadnje je veliko deklet ostalo v Egiptu dlje, kot so v začetku nameravale. Mnoge so v delodajalčev družinski krog prinašale del slovenske tradicije, npr. v prehrani, številne povratnice pa s seboj spomine na svoje bivanje v tej afriški deželi onstran Sredozemlja

Richard Price, Sally Price

[First paragraph]&#13; The pairing of commeal and okra, which pops up everywhere in the Caribbean, nicely captures the amalgam of African and American resources that has produced so much of the region's cultures, and bears witness to the earliness of culinary creolization - on both sides of the Atlantic. Corn(maize) is, of course, native to the New World, and okra (gumbo) to the Old. The Dictionary of Jamaican English includes back-to-back entries on oka and okra - the former from a Yoruba word for corn, though in Jamaica it refers to a cassava mush served with an okra sauce (Cassidy &amp; Le Page 1967:328). And while the Ewe word kukü means "corn dumpling" (Cassidy &amp; Le Page 1967:135), its Caribbean cognates generally signal the presence of okra - as in Bahamian cuckoo soup (Holm 1982: 55). Just to the north in the United States, that classic of southern cuisine, fried okra, is made by coating the pods in cornmeal before dropping them in the bacon drippings. At the southern end of the Caribbean, the Brazilian dish called angu (from Yoruba - see Schneider 1991:14) is made with cornmeal (or cassava-flour); its Saramaka namesake (angu), though made with rice- or banana-flour, is usually served with an okra sauce. And in Barbados, cornmeal and okra comprise the essential ingredients of a national culinary tradition, which we will spell coo-coo.2

Emanuele Caroppo, Giuseppina Del Basso, Patrizia Brogna

INTRODUZIONE: I rifugiati richiedenti protezione internazionale mostrano un'alta vulnerabilità e Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress (PTSD). OBIETTIVI: abbiamo utilizzato un approccio integrato multidisciplinare per valutare la loro vulnerabilità e psicopatologia. METODI: sono stati valutati 180 rifugiati politici secondo i criteri del DSM-IV-TR. RISULTATI: in un'alta percentuale di rifugiati politici la diagnosi principale è stata di PTSD associata con disturbi di personalità e/o altri disturbi psichici. CONCLUSIONI: i rifugiati politici hanno più difficoltà nel gestire le proprie emozioni, questo probabilmente è dovuto alla propria storia personale intrisa di vissuti traumatici, tuttavia attraverso un lavoro sia psicoterapico che farmacologico è stato possibile migliorare le proprie condizioni.