Hasil untuk "Chinese language and literature"

J. Renkema

Introduction to Discourse Studies follows on Jan Renkema’s successful Discourse Studies: An Introductory Textbook (1993), published in four languages. This new book deals with even more key concepts in discourse studies and approaches major issues in this field from the Anglo-American and European as well as the Australian traditions. It provides a ‘scientific toolkit’ for future courses on discourse studies and serves as a stepping stone to the independent study of professional literature. Introduction to Discourse Studies is the result of more than twenty-five years of experience gained in doing research and teaching students, professionals and academics at various universities. The book is organized in fifteen comprehensive chapters, each subdivided in modular sections that can be studied separately. It includes • 400 references, from the most-cited contemporary publications to influential classic works; • 500 index entries covering frequently used concepts in the field; • more than 100 thought-provoking questions, all elaborately answered, which are ideal for teacher-supported self-education; • nearly 100 assignments that provide ample material for teachers to focus on specific topics of their own preference in their lectures. Jan Renkema is a member of the Department of Communication and Information Sciences at Tilburg University, The Netherlands. He is also editor of Discourse, of Course (2009) and author of The Texture of Discourse (2009). In 2009, a Chinese edition of Introduction to Discourse Studies was published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

Farnaz Khoshrounejad, Mahsa Hamednia, Ameneh Mehrjerd et al.

Background: As an ever-growing popular service, telehealth catered for better access to high-quality healthcare services. It is more valuable and cost-effective, particularly in the middle of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, this study aimed to systematically review the features and challenges of telehealth-based services developed to support COVID-19 patients and healthcare providers. Methods: A comprehensive search was done for the English language and peer-reviewed articles published until November 2020 using PubMed and Scopus electronic databases. In this review paper, only studies focusing on the telehealth-based service to support COVID-19 patients and healthcare providers were included. The first author's name, publication year, country of the research, study objectives, outcomes, function type including screening, triage, prevention, diagnosis, treatment or follow-up, target population, media, communication type, guideline-based design, main findings, and challenges were extracted, classified, and tabulated. Results: Of the 5,005 studies identified initially, 64 met the eligibility criteria. The studies came from 18 countries. Most of them were conducted in the United States and China. Phone calls, mobile applications, videoconferencing or video calls, emails, websites, text messages, mixed-reality, and teleradiology software were used as the media for communication. The majority of studies used a synchronous communication. The articles addressed the prevention, screening, triage, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up aspects of COVID-19 which the most common purpose was the patients' follow-up (34/64, 53%). Thirteen group barriers were identified in the literature, which technology acceptance and user adoption, concerns about the adequacy and accuracy of subjective patient assessment, and technical issues were the most frequent ones. Conclusion: This review revealed the usefulness of telehealth-based services during the COVID-19 outbreak and beyond. The features and challenges identified through the literature can be helpful for a better understanding of current telehealth approaches and pointed out the need for clear guidelines, scientific evidence, and innovative policies to implement successful telehealth projects.

Antonia Sintia, Ina, Yoanna Afrimonika

The research title of this article is “A Comparative Analysis of “MeiHua” and “HanYu” Textbooks”. There are various types of Chinese Textbooks used by elementary school in Indonesia, two of which is “MeiHua” and “HanYu”. But, not all of the textbooks are completely suitable for Indonesian students, especially since Chinese is taught as a foreign language. In Chinese textbooks there are several important components, one of which is topic and vocabulary. Therefore this study uses literature method and comparative analysis method to analyze and compare topic and vocabulary of “MeiHua” and “HanYu” textbooks. Based on the result of the research, this article found that the similarities between the two textbooks lie in the topics that frequently appear, while the differences are seen in the scope and focus of the topics taught. In terms of vocabulary, although the amount of vocabulary in both textbooks does not meet certain standards, they are still suitable for the developmental process of learning Chinese at the elementary level. In addition, Mei Hua has a more balanced vocabulary distribution and is in line with YCT Level 3 objectives, while Hanyu is more in line with the needs of overseas Chinese students and follows the primary school Chinese syllabus.

Jie Shan, Liang Pei, Shibao Lu et al.

Effective carbon reduction in the energy sector requires coordinated efforts from governments, enterprises, and the public. This study incorporates public welfare lawsuits into a tripartite evolutionary game model involving these actors to analyze their strategic interactions in energy transition and carbon reduction governance. Using system dynamics simulations, the study evaluates both pure and mixed strategies and conducts sensitivity analyses on key exogenous variables. Results indicate that the most stable evolutionary outcome arises when governments adopt active regulatory strategies, enterprises pursue technological innovation, and the public engages in participation and supervision. The government's regulatory cost reduces its willingness to regulate actively, while higher expected losses from conventional production increase enterprises' inclination toward green innovation. For the public, high participation costs in judicial supervision discourage involvement. This research contributes a novel framework for multi-stakeholder co-governance, underscores the practical role of public welfare lawsuits, and broadens the application of evolutionary game theory.

Lihang Guan, John Chi-Kin Lee, Yue Zhang et al.

This study explores the holistic integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, addressing significant gaps in empirical research on AI and EFL. Drawing on existing literature on the ecological views of AI in education, the study conceptualizes holistic integration as a balanced interaction among teachers, students, and AI technologies, enhancing rather than replacing traditional human interactions in pedagogy through mediating teacher-student interactions. The research utilized a mixed-method approach to investigate AI's impact on EFL students' proficiency and perceptions in teacher-led classrooms. 66 Participants from an eastern Chinese city were sampled and divided into an experimental group using AI tools and a control group following traditional education methods. Quantitative results from descriptive and inferential tests revealed that the students who learnt with AI-mediated teacher-student interactions achieved significantly better proficiency than those who did not. Moreover, qualitative findings highlighted that students believe in the effects of holistically integrating AI in EFL education for it (1) facilitated the collaboration among teachers, students and AI, (2) enhanced students' learning motivation, and (3) better fitted their learning preferences. The study concludes that the holistic approach of AI integration in EFL education can optimize EFL learning by leveraging AI's technological benefits and maintaining essential human interaction, indicating a collaborative, instead of a replacing, view of the AI-induced educational reformation. This research underscores the need for strategic AI integration that respects teachers' pedagogical roles, promotes student engagement and enhances students' learning experiences with cultural consideration.

Qinxu Jiang, Hugo Horta, Mantak Yuen

China has become an attractive destination for international medical students, particularly those from developing countries in Asia and Africa. These students are known to face difficulties in adapting to Chinese medical universities and they tend to score poorly on subsequent examinations to enter the medical profession in their home or in a third country. To date, limited research concerning the factors that affect the academic performance of this group of students in China has been conducted. In particular, there have been very few comparisons between high and low achievers to identify the factors that high- and low-achieving international medical students in all years of study perceive as affecting their academic performance. A qualitative research approach was implemented at two medical universities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 high achievers and 22 low achievers in their second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and post-graduation years. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using a thematic analysis approach.A few key overlapping factors were identified: social support, learning motivation and interest, exam preparation and strategies, time management, and coping. The high achievers manipulated these strategies successfully while the low achievers did not. The high achievers demonstrated efficient learning methods (efficient use of class time, good note-taking habits, preview and review strategies, expanded learning, self-study and group learning, deep learning, choosing an appropriate study location, and focusing on basics and concepts). They also achieved a good balance between studying and leisure. The low achievers mentioned learning challenges, health issues, English language barriers, and problems with online classes. This study allowed us to identify important factors that international medical students at Chinese institutions perceive to influence their performance. The findings contribute to the literature on the topic and provide a solid basis for practice and policy development.

Yanjin Liu, Dechao Li

Abstract The stories of Cinderella, highlighting the theme of kindness, are classic children’s literature worldwide. In China, the translation of the Cinderella stories has been listed in the Chinese textbook series launched in 2004, exerting a profound influence on generations of Chinese readers. This study investigates how Huiguniang, the Chinese counterpart of the character Cinderella, has become a household name among Chinese children. By examining the changes, correlations, and shifts of their prototypical features under the framework of the Aarne-Thompson-Uther classification in the three Chinese translations of the Cinderella stories and the ancient Chinese folklore The tale of Ye Xian, the study examines how factors such as external stability, internal dynamic trade-offs, and the iterative nature and empowerment of translation have popularized and canonized Huiguniang in China. The study further extends its focus within the broader context of discourse studies, embracing the intersections of language and society, as it brings to light the intricate dynamics of translation, empowerment, and cultural reception.

Yan LIU, Yu JIN, Xueling CAO et al.

BackgroundThe development of railways has a long history, but there is limited research on the health of railway workers at home and abroad. China's high-speed railway development has attracted worldwide attention in recent years, and it is of great significance to study how to promote the health of this occupational population to ensure the safety of railway transportation. ObjectiveTo identify development trends and hotspots in the field of railway workers' health at home and abroad. MethodsThe research literature related to the health of railroad workers dated from January 1, 1973 to December 31, 2022 was searched using the China Knowledge Network Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) databases. After screening and cleaning, the included literature was subjected to bibliometric analysis by applying CiteSpace 6.1R6 software to visualize and analyze literature co-citation, keyword emergence, and keyword timeline graphs, and by VOSviewer 1.6.19 to visualize and analyze country/region collaboration, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword clustering. ResultsDuring the period from 1973 until 2022, a total of 273 Chinese literature and 165 English literature were found to report studies related to the health of railway workers. The Chinese literature began to grow rapidly in 2009 and peaked in 2015, and the number of English literature published in a relatively flat state over the studied period. The country with the most papers indexed by Science Citation Index (SCI) was the United States (58 papers), which also presented the richest international collaborations. The document with the highest domestic citation frequency was published in the Chinese Journal of Mental Health in 1994, and the document with the highest SCI citation frequency was published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994. The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the included Chinese literature mainly focused on health checkups, health management, hypertension, mental health, and chronic diseases and their prevalence; the included English literature focused on mortality, lung cancer, epidemiology, and diesel engine exhaust and its exposure. The analysis of emergent words showed that health management, frontline workers, and occupational stress were the topics of interest in Chinese literature in the last five years, while occupational stress, diesel exhaust emissions, and noise exposure were the topics of interest in English literature in the last ten years. The results of the timeline graph analysis suggested that the recent research directions in Chinese literature were health intervention, humanistic care, staff canteens, etc. There were few English-language articles related to this area after 2010. ConclusionThe research hotspots of railroad practitioners' health will keep changing with the development of high-speed railways in countries around the world. The outstanding rise of Chinese literature issued in the last decade has been in striking contrast to the slow progress and decreasing of English literature. The Chinese literature has gradually expanded the hotspots from chronic diseases to health management, occupational stress, and sleep disorders.

Ling Li, Xuhao Liu, Yuanwei Dong et al.

Background Axial symptoms (AS) represent one of the primary complications after cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) surgery. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a complementary and alternative therapy, is widely used in the treatment of postoperative AS in CSM. However, it lacks standardised treatment protocols, uniform therapeutic criteria, assessment methods and a sufficiently in-depth understanding of its mechanisms of action. These shortcomings impact the credibility of TCM treatment in clinical practice.Methods and analysis We will conduct comprehensive searches, both manual and electronic, on literature published up to 31 July 2024, and database searches will commence after the publication of this agreement, with an estimated commencement date of 1 October 2024 and the end date of 31 March 2025, without language restrictions. Key databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WHO International Clinical Trial Registration Platform, China National Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Scientific Journal Database and Wanfang Database will be explored. In addition, we will include resources such as library journals and conference abstracts. After identifying and screening all randomised controlled trials focused on TCM for postoperative AS of CSM, the two investigators will conduct a meta-analysis of the included studies. The results will be summarised as the risk ratio for binary data and the standardised or weighted average difference for continuous data.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required since this review does not involve individual patient data. The review’s findings will provide clinicians with evidence on using TCM treatment for AS post-CSM surgery, disseminated through peer-reviewed publications or conferences.PROSPERO registration number CRD42024505160.

Juairiah Nastiti Sandyaningrum, Dani Putri Septi Kusumaningtyas

The Diploma Mandarin Language Study Program at UNS transitioned to online learning as an alternative to face-to-face instruction following the COVID-19 pandemic. Foreign language learning, including Mandarin Chinese, typically involves native speakers as instructors. However, online learning with native speakers can inadvertently result in student anxiety. To address this issue, the program collaborated with the UNS Confucius Institute to bring native lecturers onboard. Nevertheless, certain native lecturers encountered visa-related challenges that prevented them from teaching in a face-to-face setting. Inspired by the post-COVID online learning landscape, the Study Program formulated a policy to continue certain Chinese language courses online.This study aims to analyze the impact of online Chinese language learning with native lecturers on the levels of anxiety among Diploma Mandarin Language students. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a case study design and data collection techniques, including observation and questionnaires. The research seeks to contribute theoretically by addressing the gaps in the literature related to student anxiety during online Mandarin learning with native speakers. The study involved 30 randomly selected students from the Diploma Mandarin Language classes of 2021 and 2022 at UNS. The results of this study indicated that 73.33% of the respondents experienced anxiety while participating in online learning with native instructors. The types of anxiety included reduced learning conditions, diminished self-efficacy, and decreased learning effectiveness.

Dang Thu Lan

This article uses test papers from students at Ho Chi Minh University of Banking (HUB) in Vietnam as the interlanguage corpus. According to the "Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education" (New Standads), we find out the grammatical items in which learners make errors and count their error rates, compared with Vietnamese expressions, analyze the cause of the error. The results show that in the band 1 grammar items of the “New Standard”, the proportion of Vietnamese students' errors in the total number of grammar items is relatively low: HSK1 class students have a total of 9 errors, accounting for 18.7% of the total grammar items in the band 1. In HSK2-3 class, Except for demonstrative pronouns, the error rate of these items decreased significantly, with 3 items having zero error rates. At the same time, 2 new error items appeared with the acquisition of new grammar points in this stage. The students in HSK1 class have a high error rate mainly due to the structural auxiliary word "的", the preposition "和" and "跟", the preposition "在" and the adverbial indicating the time. The high error rate among students in HSK2-3 class is mainly reflected in the special sentence structures of "了1、了2. The types of errors are mostly out of sequence or missing components. Therefore, when training Chinese to Vietnamese students, it is necessary to strengthen their expression order of "subject- time- object- location- action", which can solve multiple word order errors. In addition, for the teaching of "tenses", it is necessary to increase the repetition rate of learning materials and repeatedly practice using context, which can greatly improve students' bias situation.

David C. S. Li

Abstract Hong Kong’s ‘trilingual and biliterate’ language policy (TaB, 三語兩文) is almost as old as the special administrative region (SAR) itself. Through free education and language support measures in school, students are expected to be conversant in English and Putonghua in addition to Cantonese, and be able to read and understand written Chinese and English. After being implemented for over two decades, however, there are signs that most students’ language standards in Chinese and English fall short of the TaB target, as measured by the public examination results of successive generations of secondary school leavers. Designed with essentially Cantonese-dominant Hongkongers in mind, the TaB policy consists of many measures, with the ‘medium of instruction streaming policy’ introduced since September 1998 being the most controversial. Driven by the twin principles of monolingual English-medium instruction (EMI) and ‘no language mixing allowed’, secondary schools are divided into two streams. Stringent requirements must be met before a school could claim to be an EMI school. According to this ‘late immersion’ model for students aged 11–12 at secondary level, every year about 30 percent of the primary school leavers are allocated to an EMI school. Following Li (Multilingual Hong Kong: languages, literacies and identities. Springer, Cham, 2017), this paper will first discuss why the TaB target is such a tall order for Cantonese-dominant students by reviewing the relevant literature along five inter-related dimensions: contrastive linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, cognitive neuroscience, and instructional strategies and bilingual pedagogies. I will then examine the SAR government’s language support measures to assess their effectiveness and explore possible alternatives. The paper will end with a number of recommendations, which together constitute an LPP (language policy and planning) roadmap for improving the chance with which the TaB policy is likely to produce more positive outcomes. (i) To re-prioritize the investment and extent of language support by strengthening the quality of language input at the key stages of learning from age 3–9, which in curriculum terms correspond with K1–P3; (ii) To use Cantonese as the medium of instruction for teaching all subjects except English and Putonghua as separate subjects at preschool (K1–K3, age 3–6); (iii) To explore the possibility of implementing total immersion in Putonghua for three years at lower primary level (P1–P3, age 6–9); (iv) To abandon the ‘maximum exposure, no mixing’ dogma in secondary education and to encourage basic and action research in bilingual pedagogies and instructional strategies informed by Content-and-language integrated learning (CLIL); (v) To attract academically bright and linguistically gifted students to receive professional training and be prepared and committed for a career in language teaching; and (vi) To encourage civil servants of various government offices, schoolteachers, and university staff to initiate a ‘speak English/Putonghua where we can’ campaign. For these policy measures to be successfully implemented and bear fruit, apart from careful planning, there ought to be strong leadership from within the government and the education sector, plus mechanisms for coordinating concerted actions on the part of various groups of stakeholders, notably teachers, school principals, educationalists, and experts of language teaching and learning in academia.

Balázs Szabó

A fiatal Meiji-állam felismerte a nyugati technológia átvételének hajszájában, hogy annak teljes megértéséhez a mögötte álló tudományokat és tudományos szemléletet is át kell vennie – ennek megfelelően már a restauráció után elindult a modern japán felsőoktatás létrehozásának folyamata, amelynek első eredménye a Tokiói Császári Egyetem lett. A tudományos és egyetemi világ meghonosodásával párhuzamosan az akadémiai szabadság és az egyetemi autonómia eszméit is átvették ugyan, de nem kellett sokat várni arra, hogy konfliktus robbanjon ki a nemzet ideológiai alapjait építő Meiji-kormány és az egyetem eredményeiket publikáló kutatói között – cikkemben két ilyen esetet vizsgálok meg, az 1893-as Kume- és az 1905-ös Tomizu-ügyet. Bár mindkét ügy az érintett professzor elbocsájtásával járt, komoly különbségek figyelhetők meg köztük: míg a történész Kume Kunitake esetében a kormányzat minden ellenállás nélkül keresztülvitte akaratát és megbüntette a tudóst, Tomizu Hirondo ügyéből az egész japán császári egyetemi világot megrázó botrány lett, amelynek végén éppen a kormánynak kellett visszavonulót fújnia.

Alegría Olmedo, E. Milner‐Gulland, D. Challender et al.

The use of celebrities in marketing campaigns is widespread globally, including in environmental conservation. Celebrity endorsements are pervasive, but there is limited evidence of their effectiveness. We conducted a review of celebrity‐endorsed environmental campaigns. We report on the extent to which celebrities have been used in these campaigns, whether evaluation of the endorsement has been conducted, and assess whether there is evidence that the celebrities achieved the objectives they set out to accomplish through their engagement. We searched the peer‐reviewed and grey literature in six languages from July 2018 to January 2019 and found 79 campaigns implemented in nine countries from 1976 to 2018. Two thirds of campaigns were implemented in China and reported in Chinese. Only four campaigns were evaluated, but none of the evaluations provided evidence of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. Evaluation focused instead on overall campaign outputs and outcomes. Claims of effectiveness were made, but the lack of measurable objectives, theory of change, outcome indicators, and critical evaluation renders it impossible to determine whether the outcomes achieved by the campaigns can be attributed to celebrity endorsement. It thus remains unclear whether celebrity endorsement can contribute to conservation efforts. It is essential for environmental practitioners and researchers to report the outcomes and lessons learned from celebrity endorsements to ensure that their future use in conservation marketing campaigns is evidence‐based, thereby improving conservation practice.

M. Aiken

In 2011, a comprehensive evaluation of accuracy using 51 languages with Google Translate showed that many European languages had good results, but several Asian languages performed poorly. The online service has improved its accuracy over the intervening eight years, and a reevaluation using the same text as the original study shows a 34% improvement based upon BLEU scores. This new study shows that translations between English and German, Afrikaans, Portuguese, Spanish, Danish, Greek, Polish, Hungarian, Finnish, and Chinese tend to be the most accurate.

Eszter Knyihár, Gergely Salát

Previous research conducted in Hungary has shown that second generation Chinese immigrants construct a complex, multicultural identity which contains elements from the cultural environment created by the host society, the migrant diaspora, the family of the migrant and the country of origin as well. This paper presents the findings of an interview-based research project conducted in Hungary with the involvement of 20 second-generation Chinese immigrants and seeks to examine the complexity of their cultural identity, focussing especially the role of the family in the construction of traditions. According to our findings we argue that in the family setting, there is constant negotiation between generations regarding norms and traditions, which reveal different priorities. In this article I show that those areas where the most negotiations occur also overlap with the fields of increased parental interest and control, namely: education, dating/marriage, and language. I also discuss how holidays celebrated by the family show a high degree of flexibility and mixed solutions, involving cultural elements from both the host society and the country of origin.

Xiaoqiong Hu, Mingzhu Qin, Pan Qi

In China, “teacher”, as an honorific, represents a paragon of knowledge and virtue, a parent, as well as a symbol of great importance and high status, standing alongside Heaven, Earth, Monarch and Parent. For thousands of years’ time, teacher’s great importance has been greatly and constantly emphasized by both Confucianism and Taoism starting from Confucius (the founder of Confucianism) and Lao Tzu (the founder of Taoism). Thus, the present paper intends to justify the acceptability of “teacher” as a more culturally appropriate way of greeting for teachers in the Chinese context than the English way of “title + surname/Sir or Miss/given name”. This paper will be of help and value to those who teach and / or learn Chinese as a foreign language.

Jinlong Wu, P. Loprinzi, Zhanbing Ren

This research aims to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) games on balance recovery of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by quantitatively synthesizing the existing literature, and to further determine the impact of VR game intervention (the duration of each intervention, intervention frequency, intervention cycle, and total intervention time) on the balance recovery of children with CP. To this end, relevant literature up until 3 August 2019 was retrieved from Chinese databases (CNKI and Wanfang Data) and the databases in other languages (Web of Science, Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Informit, Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest), and bias analysis was conducted with the PEDro scale in this research. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and underwent meta-analysis, and combined effect size was calculated with a random effects model. The results showed that VR games may improve the balance of children with CP (Hedge’s g = 0.29; 95% CI 0.10–0.48), and no significant influence of the intervention on balance of children with CP was shown in the subgroup analysis. In conclusion, VR games played a positive role in the improvement of balance of children with CP, but these results should be viewed with caution owing to current methodological defects (difference in measurement, heterogeneity of control groups, intervention combined with other treatments, etc.).

Tien Nguyen, A. Jeyakumar

INTRODUCTION Aminoglycosides are a well-known clinically relevant antibiotic family used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals and can produce toxic side effects. Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss (HL) has been shown to have a genetic susceptibility. Mitochondrial DNA mutations have been implicated in inherited and acquired hearing impairment. OBJECTIVE Literature review of genetic mutations associated with aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. METHODS PubMed was accessed from 1993 to 2017 using the search terms "aminoglycoside, genetic, ototoxicity, hearing loss". Exclusion criteria consisted of a literature in a language other than English, uncompleted or ongoing studies, literature with non-hearing related diseases, literature on ototoxicity due to cisplatin/carboplatin based chemotherapy, literature on ototoxicity from loop diuretics, animal studies, literature studying oto-protective agents, and literature without documented aminoglycoside exposure. RESULTS 108 articles were originally identified, and 25 articles were included in our review. Mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutations were identified in all 25 studies in a total of 220 patients. Eight studies identified A1555G mutation as primary genetic factor underlying HL in cases of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. The next most common mutation identified was C1494T. DISCUSSION Mitochondrial 12s rRNA mutation A1555G was present in American, Chinese, Arab-Israeli, Spanish and Mongolian ethnicities. All mutations leading to aminoglycoside ototoxicity were mitochondrial mutations. CONCLUSIONS Consideration of preexisting genetic defects may be valuable in treatments involving aminoglycosides. In particular populations such as those of Chinese origin, clinicians should continue to consider the increased susceptibility to aminoglycosides.

Wimonchat Tangamornsuksan, N. Chaiyakunapruk, Ratchadaporn Somkrua et al.