Hasil untuk "Philosophy (General)"

Sabine Schermeier, Anne Deiglmayr, Nikol Rummel

Hybrid collaboration, where co-located and remote learners work together using online tools, is becoming increasingly relevant to education due to its high degree of flexibility. There is extensive research contrasting face-to-face (F2F) to remote collaboration, but much less research on hybrid learning formats. The scarce available research on hybrid collaboration suggests that the remote learners in such settings often feel less related to their peers than the co-located learners. In general, research on socio-affective factors in hybrid learning is particularly lacking, even though factors such as the learners' perceived relatedness and social presence play a crucial role for learners’ interaction and the acceptance of hybrid collaborative learning.In this paper, we experimentally compare the different perceptions of learners in hybrid, F2F and remote collaboration. In a laboratory study conducted in the context of higher education, N = 180 students rated their socio-affective state after participating in one of the three participation modes (F2F, remote, hybrid). The study revealed statistically significant differences between the three conditions in terms of learners’ perceived relatedness, social presence, enjoyment as well as their willingness to collaborate again. Based on our findings, we discuss key issues of hybrid collaboration that should be addressed in future research.

María Eugenia Ferreiro Xavier de Mello

El presente artículo comenta aspectos metodológicos y reflexiones en torno a un proyecto que se encuentra en construcción: la creación de la Biblioteca Interseccional de Imágenes Uruguayas, un banco de imágenes basado en personajes no hegemónicos cuyo uno de sus objetivos es transformarse en una herramienta de carácter público dirigida a profesionales de la arquitectura y el diseño. La pregunta de investigación parte de la utilización automática y acrítica de corporalidades y poses que responden a representaciones basadas en estereotipos e imágenes importadas. La cuestión, lejos de resolverse con las nuevas tecnologías, incorpora sesgos y automatismos que es necesario visibilizar con foco en la producción de sentido, considerando que en la actualidad hay sectores de la sociedad que    están excluidos de toda representación visual en espacios significativos de la vida pública.  El proceso incluye relevamientos y análisis realizados desde una perspectiva de género, generaciones, derechos y diversidad en las plataformas digitales más utilizadas por profesionales del diseño en Uruguay, con el fin de detectar y superar la problemática. El equipo de trabajo se integra con docentes y estudiantes de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo de la Udelar. La producción de imágenes para el repositorio se genera con base           en metodologías de diseño participativo, donde el aporte de activistas y colectivos sociales    es fundamental.

Jiajun Liu, Fengling Dai, Qitai Song et al.

Abstract Background While the number of emergency patients worldwide continues to increase, emergency doctors often face moral distress. It hampers the overall efficiency of the emergency department, even leading to a reduction in human resources. Aim This study explored the experience of moral distress among emergency department doctors and analyzed the causes of its occurrence and the strategies for addressing it. Method Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used in this study. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 10 doctors working in the emergency department of a tertiary general hospital in southwest China. The interview data underwent processing using the Nvivo 14 software. The data analysis was guided by Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method. Study findings This study yielded five themes: (1) imbalance between Limited Medical Resources and High-Quality Treatment Needs; (2) Ineffective Communication with Patients; (3) Rescuing Patients With no prospect of treatment; (4) Challenges in Sustaining Optimal Treatment Measures; and (5) Strategies for Addressing Moral Distress. Conclusion The moral distress faced by emergency doctors stems from various aspects. Clinical management and policymakers can alleviate this distress by enhancing the dissemination of emergency medical knowledge to the general public, improving the social and economic support systems, and strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration and doctors’ communication skills.

Draga Gajić

Jorge Aurelio Díaz

El libro recoge siete artículos, cuatro sobre temas de la filosofía de Descartes y tres sobre la de Spinoza, algunos ya publicados y otros inéditos, como lo señalan los Créditos Editoriales, pero con versiones revisadas, corregidas y ampliadas. Aunque cada uno de los capítulos puede ser leído de manera independiente, hay un hilo conductor que los integra, y que no es otro que la confrontación entre el racionalismo moderado del pensador francés y el racionalismo radical del judío de Ámsterdam: “Spinoza quiere acabar con el misterio que rodea la razón o que le subyace –leemos en la contraportada–, misterio que hace afirmar a Descartes en la Meditación tercera: «es propio de la naturaleza del infinito que mi naturaleza, que es finita y limitada, no pueda comprenderlo»”. Se trata así de una de las tensiones básicas que atraviesan todo el pensamiento moderno.

Deng Guo Long

The Evenki are a small ethnic group living in Russia and China, which has preserved its traditional culture and rituals. The “Evenk theme” has become a significant phenomenon in modern Chinese literature and has contributed to ethnographic studies of Evenk culture. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of modern literary criticism in various artistic projections of imagological methodology through the prism of ethnic cultures, as well as the attention of modern Chinese writers to the life of small nationalities. The aim of the study was the imagological analysis of the image of the self-perception of the Evenki in the artistic ethnography of the Evenk writer Uzhertu. The research is based on the methodological developments in the field of artistic ethnography, as well as imagological studies of cultural images and artistic images of perception in literature. The principle of attracting and using ethnographic material is based on the works by Russian ethnographers. During the research, the stories of Uzhertu were analyzed. The image of the Evenk in his works is given from the point of view of self-perception. At the same time, it is emphasized that despite the positive qualities, the Evenk nation is weak and small in number, dissolving in the Han culture under the influence of globalization, modernization, and developing economy. As a representative of an ancient ethnos, faced with the impact of modern civilization, with each new stage of creativity, Uzhertu became more and more aware of his responsibility to his people, trying to fix and preserve its unique culture in an artistic form. In the “Evenk” works by Uzhertu, the main typological techniques of artistic ethnography were captured: the creation of images of perception of a foreign culture (Han) and images of perception, the imprinting of traditional religious ideas and a mythological picture of the world, a description of household and trade customs and rituals. Uzhertu sadly records the processes of enveloping the Evenks, their dissolution in the Han culture and everyday life.

Lavinia Heisenberg, Simon Kuhn, Laurens Walleghem

The equivalence principle and its universality enables the geometrical formulation of gravity. In the standard formulation of General Relativity á la Einstein, the gravitational interaction is geometrized in terms of the spacetime curvature. However, if we embrace the geometrical character of gravity, two alternative, though equivalent, formulations of General Relativity emerge in flat spacetimes, in which gravity is fully ascribed either to torsion or to non-metricity. The latter allows a much simpler formulation of General Relativity oblivious to the affine spacetime structure, the Coincident General Relativity. The entropy of a black hole can be computed using the Euclidean path integral approach, which strongly relies on the addition of boundary or regulating terms in the standard formulation of General Relativity. A more fundamental derivation can be performed using Wald's formula, in which the entropy is directly related to Noether charges and is applicable to general theories with diffeomorphism invariance. In this work we extend Wald's Noether charge method for calculating black hole entropy to spacetimes endowed with non-metricity. Using this method, we show that Coincident General Relativity with an improved action principle gives the same entropy as the well-known entropy in standard General Relativity. Furthermore the first law of black hole thermodynamics holds and an explicit expression for the energy appearing in the first law is obtained.

Yahui Wang, Mengyue Zhang, Qin Yin et al.

The building of cabin hospitals in Wuhan has been proven to be clinically successful in curing mild-symptom COVID-19 patients shortly after the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019. At the same time, the psychological effect of patients being treated in cabin hospitals and the features of the psychological status of the whole society remained ambiguous. This study adopted a self-administrated questionnaire to investigate the stress, depression, and anxiety status of patients in cabin hospitals (n = 212) and healthy participants outside of Hubei province (n = 221) in a population level from February 29 to March 01, 2020. The research measured participants’ stress response, depression level, and anxiety level as well as their social support system and their resilience level. Results indicated that in this sudden outbreak of an unknown pandemic, all people (whether or not infected) showed a generally high level of stress, depression, and anxiety, regardless of age, gender, education level, and employment. It also showed that people with a lower level of psychological resilience and social support reported more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, the research also found a positive effect of cabin hospitals on the psychological recovery of COVID-19 patients. Stress response of patients increased after entering into cabin hospitals, while after 3–4 weeks’ treatment, patients showed a decrease in their depression and anxiety levels. This research advances the understanding of COVID-19 and gives suggestions to optimize the design and the allocation of resources in cabin hospitals and better deal with the unknown pandemics in the future.

Juan Ramón Fallada-García-Valle

Pietro Costa

Luciano Combi, Gustavo E. Romero

We analyze the necessary conditions for a body to remain rigid in an expanding cosmological Universe. First, we establish the main theorems and definitions for having a rigid body in a general spacetime as well as the new concept of quasilocal rigidity. We apply the obtained results to a homogeneous universe exploring the differences with flat spacetime. We discuss how the concept of rigid body helps to understand the expansion of space in cosmology. Finally, using a rigid system as a reference frame, we calculate the gravitational energy, and we compare it with previous results in the literature.

Pratulananda Das, Ayan Ghosh

In this article, we consider the generalized version $d^f_g$ of the natural density function introduced in \cite{BDK} where $g : \N \rightarrow [0,\infty)$ satisfies $g(n) \rightarrow \infty$ and $\frac{n}{g(n)} \nrightarrow 0$ whereas $f$ is an unbounded modulus function and generate versions of characterized subgroups of the circle group $\T$ using these density functions. We show that these subgroups have the same feature as the $s$-characterized subgroups \cite{DDB} or $α$-characterized subgroups \cite{BDH} and our results provide more general versions of the main results of both the articles. But at the same time the utility of this more general approach is justified by constructing new and nontrivial subgroups for suitable choice of $f$ and $g$. In several of our results we use properties of the ideal $\iZ_g(f)$ which are first presented along with certain new observations about these ideals which were not there in \cite{BDK}.

Katerina Chatziioannou

Despite their long history and astrophysical importance, some of the key properties of neutron stars are still uncertain. The extreme conditions encountered in their interiors, involving matter of uncertain composition at extreme density and isospin asymmetry, uniquely determine the stars' macroscopic properties within General Relativity. Astrophysical constraints on those macroscopic properties, such as neutron star masses and radii, have long been used to understand the microscopic properties of the matter that forms them. In this article we discuss another astrophysically observable macroscopic property of neutron stars that can be used to study their interiors: their tidal deformation. Neutron stars, much like any other extended object with structure, are tidally deformed when under the influence of an external tidal field. In the context of coalescences of neutron stars observed through their gravitational wave emission, this deformation, quantified through a parameter termed the \emph{tidal deformability}, can be measured. We discuss the role of the tidal deformability in observations of coalescing neutron stars with gravitational waves and how it can be used to probe the internal structure of Nature's most compact matter objects. Perhaps inevitably, a large portion of the discussion will be dictated by GW170817, the most informative confirmed detection of a binary neutron star coalescence with gravitational waves as of the time of writing.

habilah danesh shahraki, Ali Sadeghinejad

مساله‌ی ارزش‌داوری در فلسفه‌ی اخلاق، فلسفه‌ی حقوق و فلسفه‌ی دین از این جهت حائز اهمیت است که مشخص می‌کند چه چیزی اساسا قابل ارزش‌گذاری است و کجا ارزش مثبت یا منفی بدان تعلق می گیرد، فلذا نیازمند بررسی‌های فلسفی است. از این منظر حکمت متعالیه به عنوان فلسفه‌ای که باید فلسفه‌های مضاف از دل آن استخراج شوند می‌بایست درباره‌ی این ارزش‌داوری‌ها مبنایی ارائه دهد تا محل ارزش‌داوری، نحوه‌ی آن و قواعد حاکم بر آن نیز مشخص شود. از آن جایی که حکمت متعالیه نگاهی هستی شناسانه به عالم دارد،انتظار می‌رود در جایگاه فلسفه‌ی مادر مبانی هستی‌شناسانه برای مساله‌ی ارزش‌داوری ارائه کند. در این میان مساله‌ی خیر و شر و نیز حسن و قبح مباحثی هستند که به عنوان نمونه در این نوشتار مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. اصالت وجود، تشکیک وجود، سعه‌ی وجودی و کمالات نفسانی انسان اصولی هستند که از منظر حکمت متعالیه مبنای هستی‌شناسانه برای ارزش‌داوری‌مهیا می‌کنند. در نهایت چنین به نظر می‌رسد که با نتایجی که از این اصول به دست می‌آید یعنی مساوقت وجود با خیر، عدمی پنداشتن شرور و نیز بازگرداندن حسن و قبح به مطابقت با فضائل و رساندن به خیر اعلی، به سختی می‌توان از این اصول مبنایارزش‌داوریمنسجمی استخراج کرد.

K. Bronnikov, N. O. Santos, Anzhong Wang

With the arrival of the era of gravitational wave astronomy, the strong gravitational field regime will be explored soon in various aspects. In this article, we provide a general review over cylindrical systems in Einstein's theory of general relativity. In particular, we first review the general properties, both local and global, of several important solutions of Einstein's field equations, including the Levi-Civita and Lewis solutions and their extensions to include the cosmological constant and matter fields, and pay particular attention to properties that represent the generic features of the theory, such as the formation of the observed extragalactic jets and gravitational Faraday rotation. We also review studies of cylindrical wormholes, gravitational collapse and Hoop conjecture, and polarizations of gravitational waves. In addition, by rigorously defining cylindrically symmetric spacetimes, we clarify various (incorrect) claims existing in the literature, regarding to the generality of such spacetimes.

Tomi Koivisto, Manuel Hohmann, Tom Złośnik

A Cartan geometry of the General Linear symmetry is formulated by dividing out the displacements from the group. The resulting action is quadratic in curvature, polynomial in all the (minimal) variables, and describes an observer space that, in the symmetry-broken phase, reproduces the predictions of General Relativity in the presence of dark matter.

Renato Nunes Bittencourt

Resenha da obra BATAILLE, Georges. Sobre Nietzsche: Vontade de Chance. Trad. de Fernando Scheibe. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2017.

Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves

Objetiva-se neste artigo analisar a evocação do pensiero debole na teologia da libertação, realizada por Gustavo Gutiérrez. Justifica-se este objetivo o fato de que o supracitado teólogo, em sua obra ¿Dónde dormirán los pobres? (1996) evoca a formulação acerca do pensiero debole, efetuada pelo filósofo italiano Gianni Vattimo, para mostrar que o fundamento originário – a articulação entre fé e pobres, já presente nas obras Teología de la Liberación (1971), La fuerza histórica de los pobres (1979) e La verdad os hara libres (1990) – não perde a sua validade e continua a ser pertinente e relevante ao aprofundar o significado da perspectiva libertadora, ao tornar a sua linguagem criticamente plausível ao contexto de dissolução da metafísica, de fragmentação do saber, de transversalidade epistemológica e desenvolver temas referentes ao pluralismo étnico e cultural, ao gênero, à pluralidade e diálogo inter-religioso, à ecologia e aos paradoxos culturais e religiosos. Trata-se de uma linguagem que apresenta um Deus compassivo, solidário com os seres humanos, a partir dos pobres, e efetivamente um “Deus da vida”. Para atingir este objetivo, será exposta a evocação do pensiero debole, realizada a respectiva análise filosófica acerca dessa categoria, e efetuada sua aplicação na teologia da libertação, caracterizando-se como uma teologia da libertação debole.

Jorge León de la Vega

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>An attainable way to understand why we must reasonably doubt about a definite aspect of Albert Einstein´s geometric theory of gravitation, when he denies the character of force for gravity, is throughout the history of Relativity Principle and Inertial Law, from its postulation by Galileo Galilei, its rectification by Newton for the infinite space without resistance to movement, its transformation in the Special Theory of Relativity to receive the Constancy Principle of the Speed of Light, and its final role in the General Theory as a way to explain gravity by means of the sole<br />curvature of space.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> gravedad, inercia, movimiento, teoría, Lógica de la Representación.</p>

J Ovalle, A Sotomayor

By using the gravitational decoupling through the minimal geometric deformation approach (MGD-decoupling), we show a simple and powerful method to generate physically acceptable exact analytical solutions for anisotropic stellar distributions in general relativity. We find that some perfect fluid configurations could be incompatible with anisotropic effects produced by scalar fields.