El presente artículo analiza las estrategias militares de los países integrantes de los BRICS entre 2009 y 2023. Estos Estados, siguiendo el argumento de Bertrand Badie, han sido sometidos a diferentes tipos de humillaciones y han adoptado diplomacias soberanistas y de contestación. Entonces, si la política exterior puede ser diferenciada analíticamente entre las dimensiones diplomática, comercial y militar; y si en la política de defensa también puede aplicarse el mismo criterio y diferenciar entre las dimensiones estratégica, política militar e internacional; y si existe una relación jerárquica entre ambas políticas, este artículo se pregunta si esas acciones diplomáticas han tenido algún tipo de correlato en las estrategias militares. Para ello se estudian sus documentos estratégicos. La investigación muestra que, por un lado, existe la correspondencia que señala la teoría y, por el otro, los BRICS son irrelevantes en las apreciaciones estratégicas de los países miembros.
International relations, Social sciences (General)
Ontological security studies have added complexity to the state level of analysis in International Relations (IR) by embracing an approach that permits moving across and between levels of analysis without calcifying an assumption as to who or what constitutes the key actors of international politics. I draw on a case study of gender-based violence and subsequent responses to argue that ontological security studies in IR have thus far failed to fully account for intersectional inequalities within social narratives of security. I argue that the state is incapable of providing ontological security because of inherent inequalities that underlie national identity. It is only in attending to those inequalities that we can attend to the biases at the heart of the state. Looking to ontological insecurity in the context of trauma provides a delineated means of accessing these dynamics in a way that is formulated around a pathologised ontological insecurity (rather than an existential, and therefore normalised, process of ontological insecurity). Through the case study of the murder of Sarah Everard and the responses, the value and necessity of an intersectional approach is made clear: trauma responses that are positioned as transgressive by the patriarchal and White supremacist dominating narrative are used within that narrative to undermine the credibility of alternative narratives of security. The state adopts a technique of dividing identity and constructing normatively oppressed identities as transgressive to consolidate the state narrative of security.
Faced with dwindling oil and gas reserves, Brunei has been hard-pressed to diversify its reliance on hydrocarbon. China has emerged as an attractive prospect to the Brunei government, especially since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative. This article analyses a few major Chinese projects in Brunei and postulates three interrelated arguments. Firstly, Chinese investors have targeted Brunei's natural resources and fiscal incentives. These firms have minimal interest in the Sultanate's small domestic market as they eye the export sector. Secondly, these projects have been orchestrated by China's provincially-owned state-owned enterprises (SOE) and private firms, instead of centrally- controlled SOEs. State support has generally been channelled to these projects in an at-arm's length manner. Thirdly, while Brunei is relatively skilled in attracting Chinese investors to further its own political economic goals, at least in the short-run, it is uncertain whether such capital exports have helped in ameliorating the structural limits of the country’s economy.
International relations, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
On September 16, 2021, Amanda Champion presented Exploring the Radicalization Pipeline on YouTube at the 2021 CASIS Vancouver Defence and Security Advisory Network Workshop. Champion discussed incel and misogynistic radicalization on YouTube in order to uncover and explore its effect on the broader network of extremist groups.
Petryaeva Elena, Milyaeva Daria, Wynter Deirdre
et al.
In the context of the digital transformation of education, this study focuses on the analysis of social media as an efficient tool for developing learning spaces of universities. The goal of this study is to explore the use of Instagram by city universities, highlight the existing trends, and determine best practices and high-potential directions of online development for universities. The evidence base of this study included the Instagram accounts of six city universities of the world, specifically: the Moscow City University, the Dublin City University, the University of Taipei, the City, University of London, the City University of New York, and the City University of Hong Kong. The research was conducted using the method of content analysis with the use of Google Data Studio services. The analysis uncovered the following topic-based groups of content featured in the Instagram accounts of city universities: Personalities, University, Applicants, Learning and career, Science and technologies, City, Society and politics, Art, and Atmosphere. Subsequently, four high-potential directions of online development were identified for universities: first, more active user engagement and support; second, development of new forms of teaching and learning activities; third, popularisation of research; fourth, branding the university as a partner of the city. The novel contribution of this paper consists in engaging modern analytical tools to visualize a university profile from its published online content. The findings can be used by universities as recommendations on developing and adjusting their content strategies to adapt to the ever-changing realities and ensure effective online promotion and realization of their teaching potential.
There is a correlation between socio-economic development of the country and the transport potential development. In the context of globalization of economic relations, merchant shipping increases its importance as a factor of the national economy positioning stability in the strategy of its effective participation in the international division of labor. One of the most difficult problems of national maritime transport effective positioning in the main sectors of the maritime trade market is the freight market functioning according to specific laws and its instability.
The fundamental importance and multifunctionality of the maritime transport complex influence on its position both in the global economy and in the structuring of the national production complex predetermines investment, economic and integration tasks for reliable system development. The aim of the investigation is to develop a system of decisions on the merchant shipping parameters effective formation on the criteria of integration, as well as to mention the variety of management decisions at the macroeconomic level and at the level of shipping companies.
For the effective functioning of any sectors of the national economy, it is necessary to implement unified economic and legal approaches and complete organization of the enterprises state and investment projects. The shipping company's operating activities planning and its development in the integration strategies system of the global transport services market should be considered as the main tool for realizing the economic potential of the ship owner.
Institutional principles for managing the operation efficiency of maritime transport enterprises, as well as the limits of administration, should reflect the role of the merchant fleet and ports in ensuring international economic interests. This is, first of all, the reliability of the organization of foreign trade and transit cargo flows and their role in ensuring the international transport corridors operation, as well as the implementation of the entire integration policy.
Fumiaki TAJIRI, Ana DAMASCHIN, Cristian Iulian VLAd
We define open innovation as a business management model for innovation
that promotes collaboration with people and organisations outside the company. This
research illustrates how Japanese companies focus on collaboration, ecosystem
development, and user integration to initiate social innovation opportunities. The authors
worked with investors, key executives, and business architects from NTT Docomo Ventures,
Inc. to underpin the main characteristics of their social innovation strategy and to determine
how their organisations draw from experience in user engagement and their corporate
philosophy to create sustainable business models and to develop a unique and long-lasting
value proposition
The article introduces the publication of the recently declassified archival documents of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI) and the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation concerning the stay of a delegation of Soviet military leaders in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic on May 8-14, 1968, led by Marshal of the Soviet Union I.S. Konev. In August 2018, at the initiative of the Prague 6 City Council, metal “information plates” were installed on the pedestal of the monument to Marshal Konev, where among other things it was stated that “In 1968, he personally backed the intelligence surveillance preceding the invasion of the armed forces of the Warsaw Pact into Czechoslovakia". This action was part of measures to prepare public opinion for the removal of the monument. The documents being published show there is not the slightest reason to consider the soviet delegation headed by Marshal Konev as intelligence surveillance operation to prepare for an invasion. The internal political crisis in Czechoslovakia in early May had not yet reached its peak (the famous manifesto "Two Thousand Words" will be published only on June 27). The Soviet leadership, headed by L. Brezhnev hoped that the "Czechoslovak comrades" would be able to cope with the situation, "would rebuff the anti-socialist forces." The delegation of the Soviet military leaders had a symbolic, cultural significance and was intended to revive the memory of the events of 1945, of the victims of the Red Army and the brotherhood in arms of Soviet and Czechoslovak soldiers. In the extremely unstable and confused atmosphere of the “Prague Spring”, the members of the delegation sought to clarify the true state of affairs and public sentiments in the country. As Marshals Konev and Moskalenko admitted themselves, they “had no opportunity to fully understand all the processes”. The so-called "intelligence surveillance", which is mentioned in the Czech press, was carried out by them in a completely open way of meeting and exchanging views with colleagues, speaking at rallies, and communicating with workers. Moscow preferred to act at the time by political methods, gradually shifting to military pressure (the “Shumava” military exercises). The time for tough demands came later (negotiations in Čierna nad Tisou, July 29 – August 1, and in Bratislava on August 3, 1968). The final decision on the intervention was made by the Soviet political leadership after numerous consultations with partners in the socialist camp, largely under the influence of the tough position of the first secretary of the PUWP Central Committee W. Gomulka and the first secretary of the SED Central Committee V. Ulbricht.
Iranian International Relations academics have impacted both the official and public discourses on foreign policy issues, and vice versa. More specifically, how the “other” is constructed in Iranian International Relations discourses has an important role in determining how Iran acts in world politics. Assuming that International Relations discourses in Iran are inextricably intertwined with the construction of the “other,” this article aims to investigate how Iranian International Relations scholars use metaphors as linguistic tools for the representation of the “other.” Specifically, this article analyzes the metaphorical construction of the “other” in Iranian International Relations academic texts. Applying metaphor analysis, instances of the “other” have been selected and analyzed. The hypothesis was that there are two different categories of metaphors representing the “other”: first, there are context-oriented metaphorical incarnations that attempt to construct Iran’s “relationship” with others in foreign arenas, considering internal and external opportunities and limitations; and, second, there are essentialist metaphorical incarnations of particular actors, such as the US, Israel and Arab states as the “other.” The analysis shows that body and religion can be regarded as nodal points around which context-oriented and essentialist International Relations metaphorical discourses, respectively, have been articulated. The context-oriented discourse is inspired by realist insights into home-grown Iranian International Relations while the essentialist discourse is influenced by official foreign policy rhetoric and Iranian historical culturalism.
El autor, catedrático de Estructura Económica Mundial de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, y autor de numerosos libros que son clásicos a la hora de repasar la economía mundial, en esta obra analiza los principales hitos de la evolución política y económica de China, desde la caída del Imperio hasta la creación de la República Popular por Mao en 1949.