Hasil untuk "English literature"

Alexandra-Mădălina Sporici, Aurelian Anghelescu, Gelu Onose

The disabling nature of SCI influences the most important aspects of a patient`s life in the long term, but also their quality of life, thus placing an important responsibility on the medical staff to achieve a satisfactory level of recovery and reintegration into society[2]. We hope that with the results of this study we will bring valuable information for the design of a monitoring plan of the pathophysiological status of the myotendinous complex using MyotonPro in patients with paraplegia, before and after passive mobilization of the limbs with the Motomed Letto device. We previously carried out a systematic review of the related literature through the method of filtering and selecting profile documentary material, widely used and accepted at the international level: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Thus, we searched, using contextually, combinations/syntaxes of search keywords in the following international databases: Elsevier, PubMed, PMC, PEDro, articles published in English in ISI indexed journals Web of Knowledge/Science, during 01.01.2021-31.12.2023. The evolution of the patients will be measured, both through direct observation and through the favorable dynamic evolution of the scores of the quantification scales used: AIS-American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, MRC scale-Medical Research Council scale, ROM- Range of Motion, VAS – Visual Analogue Scale, ADL-Activities of Daily Living, SCIM-Spinal Cord Independence Measure, Functional Classification Scales-FIM+FAC, The World Health Organization Quality of Life-WHOQOL -BREF. Through this research, which is part of the doctoral study, we hope to bring important data about the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the myotendinous complex, which in the future will help us optimize, streamline and personalize the neurorecovery program in patients with paraplegia after spinal cord injury.

Ranjita Poudel, Min-Jeong Yang, Skye O Dougan et al.

Caregivers of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) recipients bear significant responsibilities involving commitment to be available 24/7, up to at least 100 days post-transplant or longer, and to provide emotional and physical support to the recipient. This extended caregiving, along with managing all other household responsibilities, can result in an increased caregiver burden, which is associated with reduced quality of life (QoL) and compromised psychological, and physical well-being. In recent years, there has been increased attention to interventions addressing the mental health outcomes of caregivers of HSCT patients. However, there remains a limited understanding of the feasibility and effectiveness of existing interventions targeted to this population. This review aims to systematically evaluate existing psychological interventions for caregivers of HSCT patients and report on: 1) the feasibility and acceptability of these interventions, and 2) the efficacy of these interventions on caregivers' psychological outcomes. A systematic literature search for studies evaluating psychological interventions targeted to caregivers of HSCT patients was conducted in English through the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE (Wolters Kluwer), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), APA PsycArticles (EBSCO), APA PsycInfo (EBSCO). Two reviewers will independently identify the studies, extract relevant data, and conduct quality and risk of bias assessments. Discrepancies in coding will be discussed between the two reviewers, and a third reviewer will resolve pending disagreements. Within the systematic review, all eligible studies will be summarized descriptively. If data allows, we will further utilize meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of these psychological interventions tested in RCTs. The association between intervention type, modality, duration, and efficacy will be assessed via subgroup analysis. Ethics approval is not required as this study will only include secondary data from already published studies. The outcomes will be shared through scientific conferences and peer-reviewed publications. This protocol is registered in PROSPERO: CRD42024489695.

W. Guthrie

All volumes of Professor Guthrie's great history of Greek philosophy have won their due acclaim. The most striking merits of Guthrie's work are his mastery of a tremendous range of ancient literature and modern scholarship, his fairness and balance of judgement and the lucidity and precision of his English prose. He has achieved clarity and comprehensiveness.

Chaimae Farmati, Mohamed Yeou, Bouchaib Benzehaf

While textbooks are one of the key factors to successful foreign language development, they are likely to contain some pedagogical issues as they are, after all, human-made products. This, in turn, explains the vast amount of scholarly attention that has been invested in research on EFL textbook evaluation. To contribute to this line of research, the present paper aimed to explore second-year Baccalaureate students’ perspectives on Ticket to English 2, an ELT textbook currently used in Moroccan public high schools. More specifically, it aimed to elicit students’ attitudes and perceptions towards learning English through this locally-designed EFL textbook. The study adopted a quantitative research design. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire that was, based on Litz’ (2005) textbook evaluation checklist and, administered to 104 EFL students who were taught using the textbook under study. The findings indicated that most participants are not generally satisfied with their textbook. The majority of students stress that the activities do not develop their listening and speaking skills, the topics do not meet their interests, and the physical appearance is not attractive. In light of these findings, the current study offers a set of recommendations for curriculum designers and textbook writers suggesting ways in which the content of future Moroccan EFL textbooks can be improved.

C. Leys

Volkan Tunali

Management of software development demands including bug or defect fixes and new feature or change requests is a crucial part of software maintenance. Failure to prioritize demands correctly might result in inefficient planning and use of resources as well as user or customer dissatisfaction. In order to overcome the difficulty and inefficiency of manual processing, many automated prioritization approaches were proposed in the literature. However, existing body of research generally focused on bug report repositories of open-source software, where textual bug descriptions are in English. Additionally, they proposed solutions to the problem using mostly classical text mining methods and machine learning (ML) algorithms. In this study, we first introduce a demand prioritization dataset in Turkish, which is composed of manually labeled demand records taken from the demand management system of a private insurance company in Turkey. Second, we propose several deep learning (DL) architectures to improve software development demand prioritization. Through an extensive experimentation, we compared the effectiveness of our DL architectures trained with several combinations of different optimizers and activation functions in order to reveal the best combination for demand prioritization in Turkish. We empirically show that DL models can achieve much higher accuracy than classical ML models even with a small amount of training data.

Younghee Cho, Dongil Kim, Sora Jeong

The number of English Language Learners (ELLs) has been growing worldwide. ELLs are at risk for reading disabilities due to dual difficulties with linguistic and cultural factors. This raises the need for finding practical and efficient reading interventions for ELLs to improve their literacy development and English reading skills. The purpose of this study is to examine the evidence-based reading interventions for English Language Learners to identify the components that create the most effective and efficient interventions. This article reviewed literature published between January 2008 and March 2018 that examined the effectiveness of reading interventions for ELLs. We analyzed the effect sizes of reading intervention programs for ELLs and explored the variables that affect reading interventions using a multilevel meta-analysis. We examined moderator variables such as student-related variables (grades, exceptionality, SES), measurement-related variables (standardization, reliability), intervention-related variables (contents of interventions, intervention types), and implementation-related variables (instructor, group size). The results showed medium effect sizes for interventions targeting basic reading skills for ELLs. Medium-size group interventions and strategy-embedded interventions were more important for ELLs who were at risk for reading disabilities. These findings suggested that we should consider the reading problems of ELLs and apply the Tier 2 approach for ELLs with reading problems.

Yasemin Kırkgöz, Burcu Turhan

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is increasingly becoming popular in teacher education, just like the prevalence in the use of Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle) which is an instructional socio-constructivist online tool providing collaborative learning. PBL where learning occurs through real-life problem solving practices is also included in the constructivist approach. This study was designed as a mixed methods research which English as Foreign Language (EFL) teacher trainees were involved in PBL through Moodle with the aim of solving problems related to language teaching and learning which they encountered at practicum schools. Participants were 93 EFL teacher trainees studying at a state university in Turkey. The study aimed to reveal the participants’ views of their PBL experiences within the scope of a Materials Evaluation and Adaptation Course. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews; and analyzed through descriptive statistics and content analysis consecutively. Results demonstrated that the teacher training activities delivered through PBL yielded promising benefits for EFL teacher trainees’ professional development despite some minor flaws faced in the process. Thus, PBL can be considered as a useful method to deliver such courses offered in any branches of teacher education.

Mitsikopoulou, Bessie

This paper focuses on critical pedagogy and EFL teacher education and it argues that it would be unrealistic to expect students who have been educated through traditional university curricula (aiming to deliver content through a ‘banking model’) to become critical foreign language teachers and educators. The education of future teachers requires new university curricula which view literacy as a critical social practice and prepare them through transformative pedagogies, encouraging them to examine critically their values and beliefs by developing a reflexive knowledge base, an appreciation for multiple perspectives and a sense of critical consciousness and agency. Based on this premise, the article presents the case of Genres in English, an undergraduate language course at the Department of English Language and Literature of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, aiming to raise students’ critical literacy. Using the tools of Systemic Functional Grammar and drawing on a genre-based approach to writing development, the course initially invites students to take up the role of critical text analysts deconstructing academic and media texts and at a later stage to engage in a popularization of science writing task mediating information from an academic to a media text. Through language tasks which approach genres as historical constructs, students are introduced to the ideological nature of discourses and genres and they explore the conditions of production, distribution and consumption of texts. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, the paper presents the findings from a small-scale research conducted with students who have attended the course.

L. Morrow

Haerazi Haerazi, Zukhairatunniswah Prayati, Rully May Vikasari

The need to acquire reading skills is increasing along with the needs of students to attain information. Therefore, this study aims at improving student�s reading comprehension viewed from the motivation level using the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach at SMPN 1 Jonggat. To this end, a classroom action research consisting of two cycles was applied. Each cycle consisted of four stages, namely plans, actions, observations, and reflections. The subject of this study was the second-grader of SMPN 1 Jonggat, while the object of this study was the use of contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach to improve students� reading comprehension in relation to motivation. The observation sheets, questionnaires, and reading tests were employed to collect the data. As result, the study showed that the use of CTL approach was effective to improve students� reading comprehension and motivation to learn. Students� achievement was 75 meaning that the passing grade enacted in the school was achieved. Meanwhile, the students� motivation to learn was at the high level as proven by the percentage of students� motivation which was at the standard value. Thus, it can be concluded that Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach can improve students� motivation to learn as well as their reading comprehension.

P. Haugen, Mark Evces, D. Weiss

Jean-Paul Rosaye

F. H. Bradley is usually referred to as one of the British neo-Hegelians of the late Victorian period. But the intersection of Hegelian thought with British philosophy at that time was not synonymous with total subservience to Hegel’s metaphysics, and Bradley’s philosophical development offers an appropriate perspective to assess the importance of this case. The Hegelian influence on the British monists of the late 19th century (Edward Caird, Henry Jones, Bernard Bosanquet, Francis Herbert Bradley) is a well-known fact which has been increasingly studied since the 1980s. But attention to the Platonic tinge in the English form of Idealism has generally been neglected. Bertrand Russell, who acted as the main opponent to Idealism in England at the beginning of the 20th century, had capitalised in particular on a bifurcation in the Idealist movement, due to some misunderstanding over the Hegelian influence. In fact, the source of this rift can be traced back to Bradley’s Neoplatonic turn in his Ethical Studies (1876). In this book, Bradley meticulously designed a gradual transformation of his former Hegelian positions towards Neoplatonic intimations of the reflexive motion of the self towards consciousness and complete realization. Bradley’s turn from pure Hegelianism to aspects of the Platonic tradition had important consequences in the subsequent history of the British Idealist movement up to the rise of analytical philosophy in the 20th century.

J. Wolfreys

Education Ph.D. and M.A., English and American Literature, Brandeis University, 1973 and 1971. B.A. (1 Class Hons), English Literature, U. of Malaya, ‘67; M.A. Studies, ‘67-69 Record of Employment University of California, Santa Barbara, Research Professor, Emerita, English, 2012-; Professor, English, 1993-2012; and Women’s Studies, 1993-2002; Asian American Studies, 1990-93. University of Hong Kong, Chair Professor and Head of Department, English, 1999-2001 (on leave 2002); Chair, Women's Studies, 1997-99; Asian American Studies 1990-93. Westchester College, State University of New York, NY, Associate professor, 1976 to 1990. Hostos Community College, CUNY, assistant professor, 1973-76. Teaching Fellow, Queens College, CUNY, 1972-73. Teaching Assistant, English Coordinator of Transitional Year Program, Brandeis University, 1970-72.

C. Newth, S. Venkataraman, D. Willson et al.

S. Parsons, J. Rodríguez-Aguilar, M. Klein

Ariane Macalinga Borlongan , Wilkinson Daniel Wong Gonzales

This study provides a corpus-based description of telephone-conversation openings in Philippine English. Data for the analysis of telephone conversations in Philippine English come from the Philippine component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-PH) to be more specific, this study makes use of the telephone calls documented in the dialogic, spoken texts in ICE-PH coded as S1A-091 to S1A-100. The analysis of a rather limited sample from ICE-PH—ten samples, to be specific—reveals interesting insights with regard to how similar or different openings in telephone conversations are in Philippine English with reference to American English. The sequences employed or afforded by Filipino speakers of English in telephone conversations appear to be rather tentatively established thus far. The openings documented in ICE-PH range from strict observants of Schegloff’s (1972, 1979, 1986) four core opening sequences in American English to complete deviations from the purported patterns in the superstrate variety.

Patricia S. Coffey, Siobhan C. Brown

Abstract Background Neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of deaths for infants in their first month of life. The newly cut umbilical cord can be a pathway for bacteria that can cause newborn sepsis and death. Optimal umbilical cord care practices for newborns and during the first week of life, especially in settings with poor hygiene, has the potential to avoid these preventable neonatal deaths. The purpose of this review of cord care practices is to assist in the development of behavior-change strategies to support introduction of novel cord-care regimens, particularly 7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate for umbilical cord care. Methods We searched domestic and international databases for articles that were published in English between January 1, 2000, and August 24, 2016. We found 321 articles and reviewed 65 full-text articles using standardized inclusion criteria. The primary criteria for inclusion was a description of substances applied to the umbilical cord stump in the days following birth. Results We included 46 articles in this review of umbilical cord-care practices. Articles included data from 15 low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa (8 countries), Asia (5 countries), North Africa (1 country), and Latin America and the Caribbean (1 country). Findings from this review suggest that documentation of cord-care practices is not consistent throughout low- and middle-income countries, yet existing literature depicts a firm tradition of umbilical cord care in every culture. Cord-care practices vary by country and by regions or cultural groups within a country and employ a wide range of substances. The desire to promote healing and hasten cord separation are the underlying beliefs related to application of substances to the umbilical cord. The frequency of application of the substance (either the number of days or the number of times per day the substance was applied), and source and cost of products used is not well-characterized. Conclusions This desire to actively care for the umbilical cord of a newborn—as noted in the variety of cord care practices and beliefs identified in this review—points toward the need to contextualize any behavior change approach to align with the local culture.

C. Polio

L. Bonato, G. Edgecombe, John G. E. Lewis et al.

Abstract A common terminology for the external morphological characters of centipedes (Chilopoda) is proposed. Terms are selected from the alternatives used in the English literature, preferring those most frequently used or those that have been introduced explicitly. A total of 330 terms are defined and illustrated, and another ca. 500 alternatives are listed.