Hasil untuk "Economics"

Christiane Heisse

Mainstream economics is ill equipped to deal with systemic issues such as the climate crisis. Yet there is no shortage of approaches that extend neoclassical principles to nature-economy relations, and they hold considerable currency in policy discourses. This article interrogates neoclassical thought on climate change from the perspective of economics imperialism, the expansion of economic analysis onto new subject matter at the expense of other approaches. Drawing on the work of William Nordhaus and Nicholas Stern, I argue that climate change economics has been underpinned by economics imperialism in its second “market imperfection” and third “suspension” phases. Economics imperialism has thus contributed to excluding considerations of power, race, class, gender, and other systemic inequalities from the field, and underpins solutions that delay radical climate action. JEL Classification: B41, B50, Q50, Q54

Bo Zhu, Yufei Zhang, Xiru Li et al.

Given the strong interdependencies between the economic and financial systems, nonfinancial firms have a significant impact on systemic risk. In this scenario, we examine the influence of bank liquidity hoarding on risk spillovers of nonfinancial firms, as it can impact firms' financing environment and operational conditions. Using data from 118 publicly listed Chinese companies between 2008 and 2021, we find that bank liquidity hoarding increases nonfinancial firms' risk spillovers, especially in the manufacturing and real estate industries. Furthermore, the path analysis results show that bank liquidity hoarding exacerbates extreme risk spillovers by increasing financing costs and intensifying corporate maturity mismatches. Moreover, the effect of bank liquidity hoarding is mitigated in firms with higher profitability and lower corporate financialization. This research bolsters the efficacy of macroprudential policies aimed at managing systemic risks amplified by bank liquidity hoarding within the financial and economic systems.

Seyedamirreza Enjavi, Shaban Elahi, Ali Shayan et al.

Abstract Modern economic growth has been based on mass industrial production and consumption, which have heavily relied on fossil fuels and energy waste since the 18th century. Hence, current socio-technical systems are unsustainable in meeting humans’ basic needs, such as energy and mobility. Fossil energy resources are non-renewable and, on the one hand, contribute to emissions that cause unreliable harm to the environment. In this research, the prime theory of Transformational Change illuminates how to use science and technology policy to meet social needs sustainably and inclusively in societies. This article answers questions regarding the essential policies and governance measures that states need to implement for the transition to electric autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the socio-technical system. Using meta-synthesis, followed by a case study and interviews with experts in the electric AV field, the article identifies state policies and governance measures to facilitate the transition of the sociotechnical system into electric AVs. The conceptualization of these roles determines that the state’s role is influenced by policy, governance, and legal decisions, which are ultimately implemented through specific combinations of policies.

Július Czap

Let \(G\) be a plane graph. Two edges of \(G\) are facially adjacent if they are consecutive on the boundary walk of a face of \(G\). A facial edge coloring of \(G\) is an edge coloring such that any two facially adjacent edges receive different colors. A facial graceful \(k\)-coloring of \(G\) is a proper vertex coloring \(c:V(G)\rightarrow\{1,2,\dots,k\}\) such that the induced edge coloring \(c^{\prime}:E(G)\rightarrow\{1,2,\dots,k-1\}\) defined by \(c^{\prime(uv)}=|c(u)-c(v)|\) is a facial edge coloring. The minimum integer \(k\) for which \(G\) has a facial graceful \(k\)-coloring is denoted by \(\chi_{fg}(G)\). In this paper we prove that \(\chi_{fg}(G)\leq 14\) for every plane graph \(G\) and \(\chi_{fg}(H)\leq 9\) for every outerplane graph \(H\). Moreover, we give exact bounds for cacti and trees.

Kendra B Bufkin, Zubair A Karim, Jeane Silva

Acute kidney injury is a prevalent disease in hospitalized patients and is continuously increasing worldwide. Various efforts have been made to define and classify acute kidney injury to understand the progression of this disease. Furthermore, deviations from structure and kidney function and the current diagnostic guidelines are not adequately placed due to baseline serum creatinine values, which are rarely known and estimated based on glomerular function rate, resulting in misclassification of acute kidney injury staging. Hence, the current guidelines are still developing to improve and understand the clinical implications of risk factors and earlier predictive biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Yet, studies have indicated disadvantages and limitations with the current acute kidney injury biomarkers, including lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the present narrative review brings together the most current evidenced-based practice and literature associated with the limitations of the gold standard for acute kidney injury diagnoses, the need for novel acute kidney injury biomarkers, and the process for biomarkers to be qualified for diagnostic use under the following sections and themes. The introduction section situates the anatomy and normal and abnormal kidney functions related to acute kidney injury disorders. Guidelines in providing acute kidney injury definitions and classification are then considered, followed by a discussion of the disadvantages of standard markers used to diagnose acute kidney injury. Characteristics of an ideal acute kidney injury biomarker are discussed concerning sensitivity, specificity, and anatomic location of injury. A particular focus on the role and function of emerging biomarkers is discussed in relation to their applications and significance to the prognosis and severity of acute kidney injury. Findings show emerging markers are early indicators of acute kidney injury prediction in different clinical settings. Finally, the process required for a biomarker to be applied for diagnostic use is explained.

Atieh Mirzababaei, Faezeh Abaj, Darya Khosravinia et al.

BackgroundObesity affects body composition and anthropometric measurements. A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) are reportedly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between ABSI, BRI, cardiometabolic factors, and inflammatory elements is not well-elucidated. Therefore, this study sought to examine the mediatory effect of inflammatory markers on the association between ABSI and BRI with cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 394 obese and overweight women. The typical food intake of individuals was assessed using a 147-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Biochemical parameters, such as inflammatory markers and anthropometric components, were also assessed. For each participant, all measurements were carried out on the same day.ResultThere was a significant positive association between ABSI and AC and CRI.I in subjects with higher ABSI scores before and after adjustment (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive association between BRI and FBS, TC, TG, AIP, AC, CRI.I, CRI.II, and TyG in participants with higher BRI scores before and after adjustment (P < 0.05). We found that hs-CRP, PAI-1, MCP-1, TGF-β, and Galectin-3 were mediators of these relationships (P < 0.05).ConclusionInflammation can play an important role in the relationship between body shape indices and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese women.

Gianni Betti, Gian Piero Cervellera, Francesca Gagliardi et al.

An energy transition is needed in order to meet the European pledge of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. This transition cannot ignore the renewable resources available from 70% of the Earth (namely, the oceans and seas). This concept is fundamental for the planet, especially for the Mediterranean area. Marine renewable energies are still under-deployed in the Mediterranean area for many reasons, including legislative constraints, lower energy availability, and technological readiness. An appropriate participatory process including all actors (e.g., policymakers, firms, citizens, and researchers) is necessary for a correct path toward decarbonization. The BLUE DEAL project was conceived and implemented by 12 Mediterranean partners to tackle these issues and set the route for blue energy deployment in the Mediterranean area. Activities already conducted include a survey to probe the perceptions and attitudes of citizens toward blue energy. The survey targeted about 3,000 persons in 12 Mediterranean sites with the aim of bringing citizens into the discussion on future technologies. The results showed that although blue energy is still relatively unknown to the general public (only 42% of respondents were aware of these technologies), there was a general willingness (70%) to host one or more such installations in their areas. Here, we describe our survey method and some empirical results with suggestions for replicability and recommendations on how to use it for policymaking purposes.

Wanida Tewaruth Chitisankul, Kazuko Shimada, Chigen Tsukamoto

Soyfood isoflavones and soyasaponins are effective compounds in terms of their health-promoting properties. Their chemical structure plays an important role in their antioxidative activity. Thus, six isoflavones and four soyasaponins that are targeted in soyfood were evaluated for their peroxyl radical scavenging capacities by the hydrophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) method. The antioxidant capacity of non-fermented and fermented soyfoods was also determined by the same method. The results revealed that isoflavones showed higher peroxyl radical scavenging capacities than soyasaponin, with their activities found to depend on their chemical structure. The aglycone isoflavones promoted higher H-ORAC values than glycoside and malonyl glycoside isoflavones, respectively. On the other hand, DDMP saponin promoted a higher H-ORAC value than its derived compound, group B saponin, and the aglycone soyasaponin. In the case of soyfoods, fermented soyfoods had higher antioxidative capacity that the non-fermented ones, especially the long-term fermented products. Soybean-koji miso presented the highest H-ORAC value, followed by natto, soy sauce, and tempeh. Moreover, lightness ( L* ) of miso and soy sauce showed a negative correlation with H-ORAC value probably due to browning substances which might derive from the amino-carbonyl reaction. Considering the high antioxidant capacity of fermented soyfoods, it might relate to aglycone isoflavones which promote strong radical scavenging capacity. Thus, fermented soyfoods, especially miso and natto, could be considered as health-promoting foods.

David Brücken, Jenny Unterkofler, Sophie Pauge et al.

Abstract Background Increasing life expectancy is associated with a growing number of people living in nursing homes, while the availability of outpatient medical care, especially from family doctors, is stagnating in this sector. Consequently, numerous and often avoidable, low-threshold hospitalizations of nursing home residents are observed. This results in unnecessary use of resources such as emergency services and emergency rooms as well as in potential health risks to the nursing home residents related to hospitalization. This study aims to improve this healthcare gap by implementing an intersectoral telemedicine approach. Methods Twenty-five nursing homes are participating and provided with telemedical equipment to perform teleconsultations. Additionally, an early warning system and a digital patient record system are implemented. Telephysicians based at RWTH Aachen University Hospital are ready to support the nursing homes around the clock if the family doctor or an emergency service practice is not available in time. Mobile non-physician practice assistants from the telemedicine centre can be dispatched to perform delegable medical activities. General practitioners and the medical emergency practices also have access to the telemedical infrastructure and the non-physician practice assistants. Discussion Optimal@NRW adds a telemedicine component to standard care — combining elements of outpatient and inpatient health care as well as emergency service practices — to enable timely medical consultation for nursing home residents in case of the development of an acute medical condition. In addition to optimized medical care, the goal is to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. The intersectoral approach allows for the appropriate use of resources to match the individually needed medical treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04879537 . Registered on May 10, 2021

Hayati Gönültaş, Halil Kızılaslan, Nuray Kızılaslan

Today, the effects of climate change in the world are manifest in all its reality. These changes were being affected Turkey as well as the world, regions and provinces leads to a difference in some. In this study, projections of 10, 15 and 20 and 50 years of future maximum averages have been made according to the provinces in some regions by using the maximum average datas of the past 50 years of Ankara, Kars, Aydın and Sinop provinces selected especially from different regions to evaluate the climatic changes. According to the results of the analysis, the total average temperature data between 1966-2015 was 17.90°C in Ankara, Kars 11.69°C, Aydın 24.50°C and Sinop average temperature was 17.28°C When compared in 2016-2065 projections, it is seen that there will be changes in average temperatures in parallel with climate change. In Northeastern Anatolia, the highest temperature increase is foreseen with 3.45°C, followed by Sinop, a Black Sea province, with 1.99°C. Ankara, which has a continental climate of Central Anatolia, is estimated to be 1.77°C and it is thought that the Aegean province Aydın will be exposed to a temperature increase of 1.55°C at the lowest rate. Other forecasts are predicted to have the highest temperature changes in Kars and Aydın’s minimum temperature changes. The detection of temperature changes in the study is considered to be important in terms of planning agricultural activities accordingly as well as regulating urbanization and water use and taking measures.

Jafar Yahyavi Dizaj, Maryam Tajvar, Yousef Mohammadzadeh

Objectives Over the past few decades, Iran has faced rapid demographic changes, including a sharp decline in birth rates and increased life expectancy. This has led to an increase in the average age of the population and an increase in the percentage of the elderly people which is called “the phenomena of aging”. The occurrence of this phenomenon in Iran is rapidly increasing, and therefore the Iranian community has limited opportunity to prepare for the aging challenges. One of the major challenges for the aging population is the rising health care costs due to the elderly's need for a variety of health services, which causes many households with elderly members to face significant economic problems. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the presence and age of elderly members on health care costs of the households in Iran.  Methods & Materials This study is a secondary analysis using 2016 national household, expenditure and income survey data . Sample size was 19337 households in rural areas and 18809 households in urban areas (total= 38146) in Iran. Linear regression analysis in STATA V. 14 was used to test the effect of variables on health care costs of households with and without elderly members.  Results There was a significant association between the presence of an elderly member in the household and increase in total health care expenditure and medical expenses, such that for one increase in the number of elderly members, total health care expenditure increased by 390,000 Tomans, and medical expenses increased by 195,000 Tomans. In terms of age, families with an elderly member aged 75-79 years had the highest care costs, while those with an elderly member aged 80 and more had the least cost increase. Moreover, household income, having a smoker member, having an income-earner member, living in urban areas, household head education, and health development rate of the province of residence had significant association with total health care expenditure and medical expenses of households. However, no association was found between having health insurance and medical expenses.  Conclusion Since the presence of an elderly member significantly increase the household health costs, future policies should be planned to support the families with elderly members. The health care system of Iran should also be prepared to meet to the health and medical needs of future ageing population.

Wardhana Y.A.V.W.

This study aims to look at the effect of IFRS mandatory adoption role on earnings management and to see the effect of political connections in influencing IFRS adoption of earnings management. The data used in this study came from companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2015. This research uses a quantitative approach, using moderation regression and independent t-test to answer the research hypothesis. Discretionary accruals are used as earnings management proxies. To test the influence of political connections in strengthening IFRS adoption of earnings management, moderation regression was used as the model. The independent t-test results showed that there are insignificant differences in earning management after three years mandatory IFRS adoption in Indonesia. The first regression equation result shows that adoption of IFRS in companies listed on the IDX had a insignificant effect on earnings management. The results of the second regression equation show that political connections have a significant influence on management earnings. The third regression equation shows that political connection moderation variables significantly influenced IFRS adoption of earnings management.

ابراهیم محمدی سلیمانی, مجید احمدیان, علی کرامت زاده et al.

برنامه‏ریزی برای تولید، جلوگیری از تخلیه زیان‏آور سفره‏های آب زیرزمینی و تعادل‏بخشی بدین منابع طبیعی مستلزم توازن در منابع آب و بهینه‏سازی فعالیت‏های زراعی است. برداشت بیش از حد از سفره آب زیرزمینی دشت جیرفت منجر به افت سطح ایستابی آبخوان شده و در صورت تداوم روند فعلی، اقتصاد مبتنی بر کشاورزی منطقه با تهدید جدی مواجه می‏شود. از این‏رو، هدف مطالعة حاضر تعیین میزان برداشت بهینه از منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت جیرفت با در نظر گرفتن همزمان اهداف اقتصادی و زیست‏محیطی بود. بدین منظور، نخست، محاسبة دو هدف متعارض حداکثرسازی سود کشاورزان و کاهش مخاطرات زیست‏محیطی متناظر با چهارده سناریوی برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی در یک مدل برنامه‏ریزی ریاضی مثبت (اثباتی) (PMP) و با استفاده از نرم افزار GAMS صورت گرفت. سپس، با بهره‏گیری از نظریة بازی‏ها (راه حل نامتقارن نش)، میزان برداشت بهینه از منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت جیرفت و الگوی کشت متناسب با آن تعیین شد. براساس نتایج مطالعه، هرچه میزان اهمیت اهداف زیست‏محیطی بیشتر می‏شود، مقدار برداشت از منابع آب کاهش می‏یابد و در صورت قائل شدن به وزن یکسان برای اهداف اقتصادی و زیست‏محیطی، میانگین برداشت بهینه از منابع آب زیرزمینی در سال زراعی 1395-1394، 773 میلیون مترمکعب می‏شود؛ همچنین، در الگوی کشت متناسب با برداشت بهینه آب، میزان برداشت آب 8/9 درصد، سطح زیر کشت موجود 9/14 درصد و درآمد خالص کشاورزان 9/5 درصد در سال کاهش می‏یابد. در نتیجه، پیشنهاد مطالعة حاضر اصلاح الگوی کشت موجود و کاهش حجم برداشت آب از منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت جیرفت با رعایت ملاحظات زیست‏محیطی و منافع بلندمدت جامعه است.

M. Orlova, A. Serzhantov, A. Cherskikh

The article shows the need for new approaches to the creation of competitive advantage for the Russian companies working in the field of advertising. Integrated use of marketing interaction marketing technology and marketing experience will allow Russian companies to maximize customer value and achieve a competitive edge in a turbulent market environment.

Sihan Xiong, Yiwei Fu, Asok Ray

This paper presents a nonparametric regression model of categorical time series in the setting of conditional tensor factorization and Bayes network. The underlying algorithms are developed to provide a flexible and parsimonious representation for fusion of correlated information from heterogeneous sources, which can be used to improve the performance of prediction tasks and infer the causal relationship between key variables. The proposed method is first illustrated by numerical simulation and then validated with two real-world datasets: (1) experimental data, collected from a swirl-stabilized lean-premixed laboratory-scale combustor, for detection of thermoacoustic instabilities and (2) publicly available economics data for causal inference-making.

Federico Etro

Ja Posman Napitu, Aceng Hidayat, Sambas Basuni et al.

Utilization conflicts among users threatening the sustainability of forest management. This study is to determine the intensity of conflict and the sustainability of forest management in FMU Meranti by integrating the convergent parallel mixed method and Rapid Land Tenure Assessment. Data was collected through interviews with key informants, literatures, maps, documents, and histories studies; as well as focus groups discussions in eight villages around the FMU Meranti. The results showed that the people's bundle of right, the interaction and social capital, dispute against the coorporation's financial modal. Generally, the interaction and social capital elements are owned by the local community, while the financial modal is owned by the permit holder and the local elite. Based on the power analysis on each object, the power of both community and permit holders are equally strong. The conflict intensity is subdivided into three conflict categories, i.e.: open (31%), appear (44%), and latent conflicts (25%). The special area (wilayah tertentu) and open access area are highly prioritized, that need conflict resolution. The existence of the environmental damages, unclear ownership rights, lack of stakeholder supporting, and non-optimal institutional performance lead the sustainable forest management to bad category (40.6%).

Tosun Nurperihan , Ulusoy Hatice

Aim/purpose - This study has three main aims; the first aim is determining doctors' and nurses' organizational commitment, vocational satisfaction and burnout levels; the second is analyzing the relations between organizational commitment, vocational satisfaction and burnout levels; and the third aim is analyzing doctors' and nurses' organizational commitment, vocational satisfaction and burnout levels according to their demographical characteristics. Design/methodology/approach - Data for the cross-sectional study was gathered from a university hospital in Turkey of 735 doctors and nurses. Data was gathered by a four part data gathering medium. The medium consists of a personal data form developed by the researchers, Allen - Meyer organizational commitment scale, Minnesota satisfaction scale and Maslach burnout scale. The gathered data was evaluated with correlation analysis, variance analysis, definitive statistics, meaningfulness test of variance between two averages and averaging methods. Findings - The evaluated data showed that participants' emotional and normative commitment levels are over average and continuation commitment level is high; their burnout level is high, desensitization level is at average, intrinsic satisfaction level is high because of their personal success; and extrinsic satisfaction level is low and general vocational satisfaction level is close to neutral. Academician doctors' emotional and normative commitment levels; intrinsic and extrinsic vocational satisfaction levels; desensitization and personal success levels are higher than assistants' and nurses'. In our study, it is found out that as emotional and normative commitment levels increase, so does the vocational satisfaction; while the continuation commitment level increases, vocational satisfaction level decreases; and meaningful statistical relation was determined between vocational satisfaction and burnout levels. Research implications - The limitation of the present study is that it was conducted in one hospital in the province of Sivas, Turkey. Originality/value/contribution - The originality of this work is to examine job satisfaction, burnout and organizational commitment in health worker.

I. Cerna

Objective: to review the current situation in production and distribution of unmanned aerial vehicles (further - UAVs) in developed countries, as well as the legal regulation issues.Methods: abstract-logic, summarizing and observation, comparative analysis.Results: The analysis of international trade in UAVs revealed the leading countries dominating the market: Israel, the USA and Canada. The leading importers are India, UK and France. China and Russian Federation are important producers but are just marginally involved in international trade, having rather protectionist trade policies. The characters of national regulatory frame- works vary significantly from country to country, while the Czech Republic belongs to the rather liberal group of EU members. Scientific novelty: So far, the journal publications in regard of UAVs have addressed uniquely technical issues and economic issues have been unattended. This paper clarifies the terminology mess, analyses trade policy issues, trade and production statistics and regulatory concerns linked to this steeply growing segment that is subject to double-use items regulations. Practical value: Given a lack of relevant publications focused on international trade in UAVs in particular, the paper provides a complex overview of current state of play in terms of this promising yet very controversial subject.

Angelika Wodecka-Hyjek

Celem opracowania jest próba uporządkowania i zaprezentowania wybranych narzędzi pomiaru innowacyjności w zakresie: gospodarki krajów, przedsiębiorstwa i organizacji administracji publicznej. W pierwszej części artykułu zdefiniowano pojęcie innowacji i innowacyjności. Następnie dokonano charakterystyki wybranych narzędzi pomiaru innowacyjności w zakresie: gospodarek krajów zaprezentowano sumaryczny indeks innowacyjności (Summary Innovation Index - SII) oraz barometr innowacyjności (Innobarometer - INN); przedsiębiorstwa przedstawiono autorskie propozycje A. Pomykalskiego, Boston Consulting Group i L. Białonia; organizacji administracji publicznej scharakteryzowano model pomiaru innowacyjności wg projektu PUBLIN oraz model pomiaru dyfuzji innowacji wg R.M. Walkera, C.N. Avellanedy i F.S. Berry. W końcowej części opracowania przedstawiono problemy pomiaru akcentowane niezależnie od kontekstu badania oraz trudności w opracowaniu narzędzia uniwersalnego.