This study analyses the impacts of economic complexity on environmental performance in BRICS-T countries. Annual data for the period 1999-2021, Durbin-Hausman cointegration test and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator are used in the analysis. The robustness of the Panel AMG results is tested with CCEMG and CS-ARDL methods. The results indicate that economic complexity has a positive impact on environmental performance. An increase of 1% in the economic complexity index increases environmental performance in BRICS-T countries between 0.020% and 1.243%. However, economic growth, energy intensity and population density were found to have a negative impact on environmental performance. Renewable energy use, in contrast, contributes positively to environmental performance.
Koji Nakamura, Yua Murayama, Issei Horikoshi
et al.
The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial resolution, we have been developing Capacitive-Coupled LGADs (ACLGADs) for future collider experiments, such as the latter phase of the High-Luminosity LHC. We have successfully fabricated a pixelated ACLGAD (ACLGADpix) with a 100 $μ$m %\times% 100 $μ$m pixel pitch, maintaining uniform timing performance across the active area. In this presentation, we will report recent measurement results from ACLGADpix prototypes using beta rays, an infrared laser, and a 3 GeV electron beam. We will also discuss potential readout electronics for future collider applications.
The main goal of this article is to introduce an economic perspective in the social logic of space. Firstly, we describe the economic model of a linear city to show how depth can generate value by creating local monopolies in less integrated spaces. Then, a new syntactic measure, the d-value, is proposed to capture the relation between the depth of some space from outside and the mean depth of all spaces from outside. An application to a public housing estate suggests that economic activities and services may be located in spaces with a d-value close to one. The article is complemented by a Prolog programme with a special predicate to compute the d-value.
Estimating the effects of climate on economic output is crucial for formulating climate policy, but current empirical findings remain ambiguous. Using annual panel model and panel long-difference model with global subnational data from nearly all countries, we find robust evidence that weather shocks have a transient effect on output. The impact on economic growth is large and significant in the short-run but statistically insignificant in the long-run, except in the coldest and hottest places.
Olena Palyvoda, Tetiana Semenchuk, Eduard Rachkovskyy
Modern military conditions and tasks of post-war reconstruction require the development of effective strategies for the activity of transport enterprises of Ukraine to ensure the continuity of supplies of military and humanitarian goods. The purpose of the research was to create a model for the selection of optimal strategies for the development of transport enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of uncertainty caused by the simultaneous influence of military aggression and the deepening of transport integration of Ukraine with the EU. The Saaty's method was selected for the study, which is based on the construction of fuzzy functions and is the most relevant in the context of the influence of a significant number of unstable exogenous and endogenous factors on the functioning of enterprises. In consideration of the evolving landscape of transportation in the European Union and Ukraine, the authors have distilled the overarching objectives of sustainable transportation development (economic, social, and environmental) into eighteen sub-objectives pertaining to the advancement of enterprises. These objectives are then subjected to expert evaluation. The article presents the findings of this expert ranking exercise, delineating the priorities for transportation enterprises in Ukraine across two distinct periods: the current state of martial law and the subsequent phase of post-war reconstruction. The authors have built a model for selecting optimal strategies for the development of a transport enterprise on the basis of a multi-level hierarchy of priority growth goals in two periods. As strategic alternatives, the authors have chosen the "strategy of limited growth"; "strategy of concentrated growth"; "strategy of diversified growth"; "strategy of integrated growth"; and "combined strategy". The paper determines that the appropriate growth strategies for transport enterprises during the period of martial law would be: a strategy of limited growth (rank 1.827) and a combined strategy (rank 2.0980). In the period of post-war reconstruction, the following growth strategies will be appropriate for implementation: concentrated growth (rank 3.0151) and integrated growth (rank 2.6783). The publication proposes a set of possible options for practical management actions in various functional areas of the transport enterprise (financial, organisational, marketing, social, technological, environmental) in accordance with the defined development strategies under martial law and post-war reconstruction. The practical application of the methodological approach to strategic management of transport enterprises in the context of economic uncertainty developed in the article will help to preserve domestic transport companies in the conditions of war and increase their competitiveness in the post-war period. The comprehensive implementation of the identified strategies will contribute to the development of innovative technologies, as well as European social and environmental transport standards in Ukraine.
Abdul Ghaniyyu Abubakari, Suleman Nasiru, Christophe Chesneau
A new bounded distribution called the unit Weibull loss distribution has been derived. The corresponding probability density function plots reveal that it can be used to analyze data that exhibit right skewness, left skewness, and approximately symmetric and decreasing shapes. Furthermore, the corresponding hazard rate function plots indicate that it is adequate to fit data that have J, bathtub, and modified bathtub hazard rate shapes. This makes the new distribution suitable for modeling data with complex characteristics. Statistical properties such as the quantile, moments, and moment-generating function are determined. Risk measures, including value-at-risk, tail value-at-risk, and tail variance are also calculated. Furthermore, different principles are derived for the computation of insurance premiums. The parameters of the distribution are estimated using different methods, and their performance is assessed via Monte Carlo simulations. The accuracy of the estimates is thus empirically demonstrated. A quantile regression model with responses following the unit distribution is developed. Applications of the proposed distribution and its corresponding regression model to three insurance data sets are carried out, with their performance compared with other models. The results show that they outperform the other competing models. Thus, the new methodology can serve as an alternative modeling toolkit for modeling insurance data. (original abstract)
In the Gelfand-Shilov setting, the localisation operator $A^{\varphi_1,\varphi_2}_a$ is equal to the Weyl operator whose symbol is the convolution of $a$ with the Wigner transform of the windows $\varphi_2$ and $\varphi_1$. We employ this fact, to extend the definition of localisation operators to symbols $a$ having very fast super-exponential growth by allowing them to be mappings from ${\mathcal D}^{\{M_p\}}(\mathbb R^d)$ into ${\mathcal D}'^{\{M_p\}}(\mathbb R^d)$, where $M_p$, $p\in\mathbb N$, is a non-quasi-analytic Gevrey type sequence. By choosing the windows $\varphi_1$ and $\varphi_2$ appropriately, our main results show that one can consider symbols with growth in position space of the form $\exp(\exp(l|\cdot|^q))$, $l,q>0$.
Goran Hristovski, Gjorgji Gockov, Viktor Stojkoski
Recent studies highlight economic complexity's role in mitigating fiscal crises, often measured via an economy's trade structure. Trade, however, is just one facet of an economy's structure and omits critical innovative activities like research. Here, we investigate how a multidimensional approach to economic complexity-including both trade and research structures-relates to fiscal instability. By using data on over 230 national fiscal crises from 1995 to 2021 and hazard duration analysis, we assess how measures of trade and research complexity combine to explain crisis likelihood. We find that the interaction of complexity dimensions significantly reduces crisis probability, whereas individual indexes alone are not robust predictors. This suggests that economies focusing on a single dimension may be more vulnerable, thus highlighting the importance of balanced development across multiple areas. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance economic resilience and mitigate fiscal risks.
In the last years, the entire world faced many challenges that led to the awareness by governments of the need to consider the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) depending on the particularities of each country and global challenges. Therefore, our research has as its main objective the analysis of the values of the SDG Index in correlation with the particularities of the different countries subject to the research, but also according to other indices related to the SDGs. Our results proved that the Dispersal of Information is a source of the need for more interest of decision-makers at national and international levels in carrying out concrete improvement actions of SGDs, especially in many low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the paper's originality demonstrates that the data used to calculate the SDG Index are subject to the Dispersal of Information and generate divergent decisions with negative consequences on implementing SDGs in different countries and regions. The theoretical implications of our research consist of the critical analysis of the complexity of the SDGs and how the Dispersal of Information acts on the relevance and effectiveness of some indicators of the SDGs. Finally, the practical implications are translated into recommendations for the decision-makers implementing the SDGs at the national level.
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
When we view the world from above, can the Ukraine crisis be seen as the beginning of a grand opening and synthesis towards a world unified through collaboration? We are in the aftermath of the pandemic, faced with an increasing worldwide poverty through exploding energy and food prices and the accelerating climate disasters and have to wonder whether a viable future is possible without collaboration on war-footing and on an unknown scale. With such a scenario the Ukraine crisis can become a blessing in disguise that will indirectly free the world from all possible dictators and all sorts of dictatorship. Is collaboration the universal value that will usher us in an era where the centre stage of ego is replaced by the centre stage of being WE and save us all?
International relations, Economic growth, development, planning
Hao-Ya Hsueh, Alexandru-Iosif Toma, Hussein Ali Jaafar
et al.
Path planning is an essential component of mobile robotics. Classical path planning algorithms, such as wavefront and rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) are used heavily in autonomous robots. With the recent advances in machine learning, development of learning-based path planning algorithms has been experiencing rapid growth. An unified path planning interface that facilitates the development and benchmarking of existing and new algorithms is needed. This paper presents PathBench, a platform for developing, visualizing, training, testing, and benchmarking of existing and future, classical and learning-based path planning algorithms in 2D and 3D grid world environments. Many existing path planning algorithms are supported; e.g. A*, Dijkstra, waypoint planning networks, value iteration networks, gated path planning networks; and integrating new algorithms is easy and clearly specified. The benchmarking ability of PathBench is explored in this paper by comparing algorithms across five different hardware systems and three different map types, including built-in PathBench maps, video game maps, and maps from real world databases. Metrics, such as path length, success rate, and computational time, were used to evaluate algorithms. Algorithmic analysis was also performed on a real world robot to demonstrate PathBench's support for Robot Operating System (ROS). PathBench is open source.
The sales logistics of tea leaves is a process that organically integrates basic logistics activities, including transportation, storage, loading, unloading, carrying, packaging, distribution processing, delivery, and information processing. This process requires quick and accurate forecasting of the logistics demand in the green tea market and the provision of feedback to businesses and farming partners, revealing the need for a simple and accurate forecasting method. Responding to and solving the unclear information and limited data available regarding the green tea market are critical. Therefore, this study established a simple, quick, and accurate model through the use of time series and the technique for ordering preferences by similarity to the ideal solution. Finally, the actual logistics demand in the Nanjing green tea industry was employed to verify the proposed model’s practicality and feasibility, which may provide a critical reference for relevant parties such as businesses and researchers.
First published online 14 December 2020
A constant concern for decision-makers in all countries of the world always remains to provide the framework
for sustainable growth. Economic growth cannot be achieved without investigations, from internal or external sources,
regardless of the level of development in a country. With the study, we sought to analyze the evolution of spending on
investigations and its influence on economic growth, resulting from managerial decisions. Some series of statistical
data are presented in this article to show the collective importance of budget revenues and attracting new sources of
funding, such as European funds, in order to increase investigation expenditures, even if, in assessing the effort-effect,
effort ratio. being easy to identify, and the effect are harder to quantify. The dynamics of investigations in Romania
depend on attracting new sources of foreign financing, such as European non-reimbursable funds from the European
Union. The absorption of EU funds is an objective of national interest and a solution to stimulate investment and the
economy. Public investment is low-efficiency, with management gaps, especially in project preparation, prioritization
and public procurement, and private investigations are affected by persistent legal uncertainty and bureaucracy. Fiscal
policy changes, poor strategic planning of investigations and delays are real obstacles to the growth of significant
investigations in the medium and long term.
Commercial geography. Economic geography, Economics as a science
This paper examines the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using the historical approach by analyzing the policy responses of the region to past crises and their economic consequences. The study employs the manufacturing-value-added share of GDP as a performance indicator. The analysis shows that wrong policy intervention to past crises, lead the African sub-region into the deplorable economic situation. The study observed that the region leapfrogged prematurely to import substitution, export promotion, and global value chains. Based on these past experiences, the region should adopt a gradual approach in responding to the COVID-19 economic consequences. The sub-region should first address relevant areas of sustainability, including proactive investment in research and development to develop home-grown technology, upgrade essential infrastructural facilities, develop security infrastructures, and strengthen the financial sector.
There have been repeated calls made for theory-building studies in ICT4D research to solidify the existence of this research field. However, theory-building studies are not yet common, even though ICT4D as a research domain is a promising venue to develop native and indigenous theories. To this end, this paper outlines a theory-building study in ICT4D, based on the author's experience in developing a mid-range theory called 'Cultivating-Sustainability' of E-government projects, a native mid-range theory of ICT4D. The paper synthesizes the GTM literature and provides a step-by-step illustration of GTM use in practice for research students and early career ICT4D academics. It introduces the key strategies and principles of GTM, such as the theoretical sampling strategy, the constant comparison strategy, the concept-emergent principle, and the use of literature throughout the study process. Then discusses the steps involved in the data collection and analysis process to develop a theory using case studies as sources of empirical data; it concludes with a discussion on using the strategies and principles in the three case studies. It is expected that this paper contributes to the diversification of research methodology, particularly to our collective quest for developing native and indigenous theories in the ICT4D research domain.
This tidal stream energy industry has to date been comprised of small demonstrator projects made up of one to a four turbines. However, there are currently plans to expand to commercially sized projects with tens of turbines or more. As the industry moves to large-scale arrays for the first time, there has been a push to develop tools to optimise the array design and help bring down the costs. This review investigates different methods of modelling the economic performance of tidal-stream arrays, for use within these optimisation tools. The different cost reduction pathways are discussed from costs falling as the global installed capacity increases, due to greater experience, improved power curves through larger-diameter higher-rated turbines, to economic efficiencies that can be found by moving to large-scale arrays. A literature review is conducted to establish the most appropriate input values for use in economic models. This includes finding a best case, worst case and typical values for costs and other related parameters. The information collated in this review can provide a useful steering for the many optimisation tools that have been developed, especially when cost information is commercially sensitive and a realistic parameter range is difficult to obtain.
The professional services industry (legal, accounting, consulting, architectural services{\ldots}) employs an important share of the active population in mature countries. However, after decades of undisputed growth, the sector appears to be at a turning point in certain geographies. This article therefore proposes a simple framework to help diagnose where growth opportunities (if any) may lie.When applied to the US economic context, the model indicates that at a macro-economic national level the sector should stall, which concurs with the trend observed over the past decade. However, it also highlights that a few industrial sectors (e.g. the US beverage industry) still offer pockets of growth for a variety of professional expertises. Replicating and fine-tuning those findings could be interesting for practitioners to steer their marketing and business development efforts. On the other hand, the quantitative framework presented in this study could pave the way for future research in the academic community.
There are three hypotheses about structure-conduct-performance paradigm; traditional hypothesis, differentiation hypothesis and efficiency hypothesis. The objective of this research is to examine how strong the influence of market structure in banking performance. This study uses the fix effect model by applying the Weiss model. This research also tries to prove whether market share and concentration in the banking industry as a proxy to efficiency. The result of the panel data analysis conducted on a sample of 15 biggest commercial banks over the period from 2009 to 2018 is strongly reject the traditional hypothesis. The empirical findings suggest that market concentration has a negative correlation between profitability, it means that Indonesian banking industry strongly reject the traditional hypothesis and support efficiency hypothesis and there is a positive correlation between market share and profitability, supports the differentiation hypothesis.