Hasil untuk "Discourse analysis"

Kevin Coe, K. Kenski, Stephen A. Rains

Charles Berebon

The Nigerian middle class has been the subject of extensive sociological inquiry, yet the intersection of religion, education, and social mobility within this group remains underexplored, particularly among Christian communities in Lagos State. This paper examines the historical and contemporary factors shaping the emergence and reproduction of the Nigerian Christian middle class. Drawing on existing studies, the analysis highlights the role of missionary education, familial strategies, and professional advancement in fostering upward mobility. The heterogeneity of Christian denominations, stratification within religious communities, and the role of gender and migration are explored to provide a nuanced understanding of how Nigerian Christians navigate social hierarchies. The study also identifies gaps in current research, emphasizing the need for focused empirical studies to unpack the complex interplay of religion, class, and education. Findings contribute to the broader discourse on the sociology of religion and middle-class identity formation in Nigeria.

Rumtini Rumtini, Dwi Susanto

One significant trent in post-reform Indonesian literature is the emergence of Islamic-themed novels, notably those by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, Abidah El Khalieqy, and Helvy Tianna Rosa. This study aims to: 1). examine the educational values; 2). Analyze the ideological aspects presented in selected novels. Using qualitative method, the research involved close reading of Islamic-themed works by Indonesian women writer, sample selection, and thematic analysis. Findings indicate that Perempuan Berkalung Sorban convey educational values throught its critique of gender subordination within traditional pesantren culture, highlighting women’s struggle for right. Meanwhile, Ketika Mas Gagah Pergi promotes adherence to Islamic Sharia as as comprehensive lifestyle, including political dimentions. Ideologically, Perempuan Berkalung Sorban reflects a feminist spirit that acknowledges gender distinctions, while Ketika Mas Gagah Pergi aligns with Indonesia’s hijra movement and post-Islamist discourse. These novels thus serve as cultural texts articulating educational and ideological narratives within contemporary Islamic literature.

Enes Gul

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive analysis of flood hazard mapping in Ankara, the capital of Türkiye, highlighting the critical vulnerability of this major urban center to climate-related disasters. By applying advanced boosting algorithms—specifically, XGBoost, GradientBoost, and CatBoost—along with hyperparameter optimization through the Fick’s law algorithm (FLA), this research introduces an innovative methodology aimed at improving the reliability and accuracy of flood hazard assessments in Ankara’s urban landscape. The analysis utilizes an extensive dataset that integrates topographic, meteorological, hydrological, and anthropogenic variables to provide critical insights into the dynamics of urban flooding with a focus on Ankara’s vulnerability. This approach is novel in that it incorporates FLA for hyperparameter optimization, marking a significant advancement in flood hazard modeling and achieving higher model accuracy and generalizability. Notably, among the various determinants of flood hazard identified, elevation emerges as the most influential factor affecting flood risk in Ankara. This finding underscores the complex relationship between urban geography and flood hazards, and highlights the need for targeted urban planning and infrastructure development strategies to effectively mitigate flood risk. The implications of this research extend beyond the local setting, contributing valuable insights to the global discourse on climate change adaptation and urban resilience. By combining cutting-edge machine learning techniques with in-depth geographic analysis, this study offers a scalable and innovative model for flood hazard assessment and management, providing a critical tool for cities around the world facing similar challenges.

James Kelly, Devina Maru, Syed Moyn Ali et al.

Abstract Background The World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) is a global non-statutory, not-for-profit, non-governmental organisation that announced a recognition programme for regulatory agencies in 2010, responding to an accreditation policy by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) in the US. While WFME's role has expanded globally, no studies have examined stakeholder perceptions of this recognition programme in Global South contexts. Objective To examine social media discourse about WFME to understand how it is perceived by medical education stakeholders, with particular focus on responses to the recognition programme. Methods A systematic search of Twitter posts referencing WFME over a 360-day period (August 2021-August 2022) was conducted using Twitter API. Posts were analysed thematically using Cohen's Moral Panic framework and contextualised with newspaper articles and webinar content. Moral Foundations Theory was applied to understand underlying psychological drivers of responses. Results 294 tweets were analysed, with 94% (276) relating to Pakistan’s medical regulatory agencies seeking WFME recognition. Analysis revealed that responses aligned with Cohen's five stages of moral panic: identification (20%), amplification (30%), anxiety (27%), gatekeeping (13%), and submergence (10%). The Pakistan Medical Commission was positioned as a “folk devil,” with discourse reflecting multiple moral foundations including care/harm, fairness/cheating, and authority/subversion. Conclusions This case study demonstrates how global recognition policies can generate moral panic in the Global South, particularly in the context of unstable governance. The findings highlight unintended consequences of the WFME recognition programme in Pakistan and suggest the need for more nuanced understanding of how policies originating in the Global North impact medical education communities worldwide.

Rabeya Amin Jhuma, Mostafa Mohaimen Akand Faisal

This study explored how in-context learning (ICL) in large language models can be disrupted by data poisoning attacks in the setting of public health sentiment analysis. Using tweets of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), small adversarial perturbations such as synonym replacement, negation insertion, and randomized perturbation were introduced into the support examples. Even these minor manipulations caused major disruptions, with sentiment labels flipping in up to 67% of cases. To address this, a Spectral Signature Defense was applied, which filtered out poisoned examples while keeping the data's meaning and sentiment intact. After defense, ICL accuracy remained steady at around 46.7%, and logistic regression validation reached 100% accuracy, showing that the defense successfully preserved the dataset's integrity. Overall, the findings extend prior theoretical studies of ICL poisoning to a practical, high-stakes setting in public health discourse analysis, highlighting both the risks and potential defenses for robust LLM deployment. This study also highlights the fragility of ICL under attack and the value of spectral defenses in making AI systems more reliable for health-related social media monitoring.

Seunguk Yu, Jungmin Yun, Jinhee Jang et al.

Although offensive language continually evolves over time, even recent studies using LLMs have predominantly relied on outdated datasets and rarely evaluated the generalization ability on unseen texts. In this study, we constructed a large-scale dataset of contemporary political discourse and employed three refined judgments in the absence of ground truth. Each judgment reflects a representative offensive language detection method and is carefully designed for optimal conditions. We identified distinct patterns for each judgment and demonstrated tendencies of label agreement using a leave-one-out strategy. By establishing pseudo-labels as ground trust for quantitative performance assessment, we observed that a strategically designed single prompting achieves comparable performance to more resource-intensive methods. This suggests a feasible approach applicable in real-world settings with inherent constraints.

Anh Xuan Do, Nguyen Lam, Guozhen Lu

Using techniques from harmonic analysis, we derive several sharp stability estimates for the second order Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. We also present the explicit lower and upper bounds for the sharp stability constants and compute their exact limits when the dimension $N\rightarrow\infty$. Our proofs rely on spherical harmonics decomposition and Fourier analysis, differing significantly from existing approaches in the literature. Our results substantially improve the stability constants of the second order Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle recently obtained in [27]. As direct consequences of our main results, we also establish the sharp stability, with exact asymptotic behavior of the stability constants, of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle with curl-free vector fields and a sharp version of the second order Poincaré type inequality with Gaussian measure.

Joshua F Hoops

The movement for reparations for those enslaved on the North American continent from 1450 to 1866 has a long history fraught with debate, criticized by individuals on both the right and left sides of the political spectrum. Specific points of contention include how much money should be allocated, who the recipients and potential liable parties should be, and what specific form reparations should take. Accounting for this historical opposition, this paper employs a corpus-based discourse analysis to examine the communicative barriers to implementing reparations. The corpora consisted of YouTube comments posted to news reports of six cities’ reparations proposals. I utilized Sketch Engine to examine frequency of keywords, collocations, and concordance, followed by a close-reading discourse analysis of lexical, grammatical, and tonal elements. The analysis revealed myriad constructions of reparations resulting in inertia, the institutional tendency to preserve the status quo. This discursive formation is consequential not only for its implications for reparations, but for broader structural reform efforts.

Oanh Thi Kim Tran, Trang Thi Thanh Chu

This study investigates the impact of the shadow economy on sustainable development in 54 countries (categorised as high and low financial development) from 2008 to 2021, using Bayesian regression. Utilizing a sophisticated Bayesian regression analysis, our study unearths a compelling negative relationship between the shadow economy and sustainable development within both of these groups of nations. This empirical evidence underscores the pervasive influence of the shadow economy on hindering the progress of sustainable development, irrespective of a country’s financial development status. Furthermore, our research goes beyond this fundamental relationship to elucidate the presence of a crucial threshold effect in the relationship between the shadow economy and sustainable development. This threshold effect is observed at distinct levels in countries with high and low financial development, standing at 21.08% and 39.38%, respectively. This critical finding emphasises the need for tailored policy interventions that recognise and address the unique dynamics in these two countries. Drawing on these substantial insights, our paper outlines specific policy recommendations tailored to the unique circumstances of each group of countries. These recommendations are aimed at effectively regulating the shadow economy, thus facilitating the fostering of sustainable economic development. Our research contributes valuable empirical evidence and policy guidance to the ongoing discourse on the complex relationship between the shadow economy and sustainable development, offering a pathway toward more robust and effective policy frameworks for the nations under study.

Bita Mesbah, Sepideh bayat

Narratology is a new science and deals with the understanding of the relationships, structures and grammar governing the narrative, which is rooted in structuralism. Structuralists in narratology seek to investigate the order and to discover the internal proportions in the narrative, the relationships and links existing on the elements that make up the story and explain the system that governs the narrative discourse. In this process, Propp and Greimas, relying on the method of narratology, pay attention to face analysis, and people like Genet have analyzed the tone of the narrative. Propp initiated narratology and was able to create special narrative patterns for folktales that deal with the functions in the development of characters and their relationships. He concluded that although the people and characters of these stories and their actions are diverse, their roles are limited and fixed.                                                                                                                        Following that, Greimas, who is one of the founders of structuralist semantics, by studying meaning and structures related to it, developed his action model based on how to use linguistic concepts that are used in the analysis of texts, to shift attention changed from sign to meaning. Greimas believes that it is necessary to cross the outer surface and to enter the deep layers of the text in order to find both the meaningful surface structures and the structures that are hidden in the depth of the text. In the Greimas's model, every narrative system is divided into six actors, which include sender/receiver/subject/object/restraining force and helping force. The sender sends the actor to follow the target and orders the execution of the command. The receiver is the one who benefits from the action or does not benefit from it. The object is the value object and the subject and goal of the action. The restraining force prevents the actor from reaching the goal and the assisting force helps the actor to reach the goal. The subject is the central element of the story. Greimas proposed three categories of dual oppositions, the six actors that are defined are divided into three categories of pairs of oppositions, each of which forms an axis of action (demand/power/sending); the axis of desire: (subject/passive), the axis of power: (helping force/inhibiting force) and the axis of sending: (sender/receiver).The subject and object pair is the most fundamental pair. Greimas's method is compatible with the method of semantics, and the narrative is made up of passages that must be understood in order to understand the text, and based on this, three syntactic rules are defined, which include executive, contractual, and disjunctive chains. In the analysis of ontology, according to the opposing pairs, three categories of human beings are defined and their role is checked whether they are active or not, and are present in the action or are likely to be present in the action. It is also determined whether they are active or not and whether they are conscious or unconscious in action. In the temporal and spatial sequence, which is one of the main elements of the narrative, how to change the temporal sequence to the spatial sequence is defined. In this research, a picture of Timurid version of Zafarnameh 935 was analyzed based on the action pattern of Greimas. This version is one of the most important books of the Timurid period and is based on a true narration and the follow-up in its details can be cited and the results of the analysis can be accurate and also the relationship between the text and the picture is clear and the content of the pictures according to the traditions that Greimas has in mind are close and the text and the picture have a deep connection. Despite the importance of this version, no complete research has been done on it based on the semantics of the pictures. The purpose of this research is to study how the visual and action patterns match with the Greimas's pattern. The main questions of the research are:1- How is the analysis of the structure of the narrative according to the elements of the visual activist in the mentioned picture? 2- What is the conversion of time sequence to place sequence in the image according to the narrative? 3- Can the painting be examined in the same way as the text in a structuralist way and conform to the model of Greimas? The research method is analysis using Greimas's model and data collection based on the study of written and documentary sources. The result of the research shows that the pattern of Greimas can be adapted to painting and each image with superstructure and underlying structure in the structure of analysis can act as an independent text. Also, the study of the structure of denotative chains to find the meaning of the image and the transformation of the temporal sequence into the place sequence in the image and its effect on the formation of the overall system in the structure of the visual narrative was considered.

Heevi Khaled Jamel, Marwan Abdi, Khalid Ilias Basheer

This paper presents a critical discourse analysis of Donald Trump's tweets regarding COVID-19, utilizing Fairclough's three-dimensional model and Halliday's systemic functional linguistics to examine the language used. The analysis centers on two tweets that illustrate Trump's politicization of the pandemic and the propagation of stigmatization through social media. The research examines the stylistic and formal characteristics of Trump's tweets, focusing on his use of metaphorical language and blame-shifting tactics, specifically his labeling of COVID-19 as a 'Chinese virus.' The analysis also investigates discourse practices, connecting Trump's rhetoric on the U.S.-China trade agreement and pandemic response to wider political narratives. The study analyzes the socio-cultural implications of Trump's discourse at a macro level. It highlights how his discourse exacerbated xenophobia, nationalism, and social divisions during the global health crisis. The findings demonstrate that Trump's tweets influenced public perceptions and international relations, reinforcing anti-China attitudes and contributing to a polarized public response to the pandemic. This study emphasizes the significance of a critical and reflective approach to political communication, particularly during times of crisis. It also offers insights into the creation and dissemination of ideological narratives in the digital era.

Hélder Prior

Abstract In the context of media studies, the theme of populism in its relation to digital media has gained a great prominence in the last decade. The emergence of new populist political actors that use direct communication to appeal to the people without intermediaries, as well as the consolidation of digital social networks, involve interfaces between media and political processes that we intend to observe, having as object the scenario of the Portuguese Legislative Elections of 2022. Indeed, in this article we address how the populist communication of André Ventura, leader of the Portuguese radical right party, Chega, is constructed during the election campaign period. To analyze the discursive mechanisms of populism in the digital realm, we conducted a study of the corpus derived from André Ventura’s posts on the social media platform X, previously known as Twitter, during the month of January 2022, coinciding with the electoral campaign period. We sought to describe the discursive strategies present in the construction of the representation of “people”, considering the polarization “us versus them”, and examine the meanings of the world mobilized by populist communication in opposition to out-groups identified as “enemies” of the pure or authentic people. The results of our content analysis, focusing on the 143 tweets constituting Ventura’s narrative during the election period, indicate parallels with the discursive tactics of radical right populism. These include a narrative emphasizing conflict between “us and them,” a spotlight on the dysfunctions within the democratic system, the glorification of integrity in the face of political corruption, nativist discourse, and a prevailing tendency towards negative communication.

Afifah Nur Ashikah, Wuri Handayani

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana representasi peran ganda perempuan dalam iklan Sunlight Extra Higienis Baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis data semiotika Roland Barthes. Instrumen dan metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan wawancara. Informan pendukung data penelitian adalah Gilang Jiwana Adikara., S.I.Kom., M.A, Dosen Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dan Sasiana Gilar Apriantika, M.A, Dosen Pendidikan Sosiologi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklan Sunlight Extra Higienis Baru merepresentasikan realitas peran ganda perempuan dengan mengaplikasikan nilai gender transformatif. Representasi perempuan tidak hanya ditampilkan secara feminim, tetapi juga ditampilkan memiliki peran di sektor publik. Tokoh perempuan dalam iklan direpresentasikan memiliki tiga peran, yaitu sebagai ibu rumah tangga, perempuan pekerja, dan seorang ibu yang perhatian dengan pendidikan anak. Sajian dalam iklan memberikan kesan pemberdayaan kepada kaum perempuan untuk berani memilih dan lebih dari sekedar domestik. Representasi peran ganda dimaknai sebagai perluasan makna tentang konsep gender dan perempuan sempurna. Gender sebagai sesuatu yang dinamis dan perempuan sempurna adalah mereka dapat meletakkan komitmen sama rata pada wilayah publik dan domestik. Realitas peran ganda menjadi wacana gender yang mempersuasif dan mempengaruhi perasaan penonton, sehingga akan ingat dan bersedia membeli produk yang ditawarkan. Kata kunci : Representasi, Iklan, Semiotika Roland Barthes, Peran Ganda Perempuan, Gender   Abstract This study aims to find out how the representation of the dual role of women’s in the advertisement of the New Sunlight Extra Hygienic. This research uses a qualitative approach with Roland Barthes' semiotic data analysis method. Data collection instruments and methods are carried out by documentation and interview techniques. The informants supporting the research data are Gilang Jiwana Adikara., S.I.Kom., M.A, Lecturer of Communication Science, Yogyakarta State University and Sasiana Gilar Apriantika, M.A, Lecturer of Sociology Education, Yogyakarta State University. The data validity technique uses triangulation techniques. The results showed that the New Sunlight Extra Hygienic ad represents the reality of women's dual roles by applying transformative gender values. Women's representation is not only displayed femininely, but also shown to have a role in the public sector. The female character in the advertisement is represented as having three roles, namely as a housewife, a working woman, and a mother who is concerned with children's education. The presentation in the advertisement gives the impression of empowerment to women to dare to choose and be more than just domestic. The representation of dual roles is interpreted as an extension of the meaning about the concepts of gender and perfect women. Gender as something dynamic and women are perfect is that they can put an equal commitment to the public and domestic spheres. The reality of dual roles becomes a gender discourse that persuasive and affects the feelings of the audience, so that they will remember and be willing to buy the products offered. Keywords : Representation, Advertising, Roland Barthes Semiotics, Women's Dual Roles, Gender

Erica Neri

Abstract Digital Geography: An Online Visual Atlas to Disseminate Environmental Discourse The contribution, in accordance with the initiatives of the CAPTED Centre 1, analyses the intersections between geography and digital transition, highlighting how emerging technologies influence the perception and organisation of space. In a context of increasing digitisation, the importance of a critical approach in the use of educational technologies is emphasised. Through the analysis of Greenatlas, a digital visual atlas, its educational-didactic potential to promote an active understanding of geography is explored, stimulating interaction with georeferenced content and encouraging critical reflection on environmental narratives. In conclusion, the need for a balance between digital and traditional resources is discussed, which is essential for meeting the challenges of the digital transition and for effective and inclusive education.

Ivan Bioli, Yannis Voet

In structural dynamics, mass lumping techniques are commonly employed for improving the efficiency of explicit time integration schemes and increasing their critical time step constrained by the largest discrete frequency of the system. For immersogeometric methods, Leidinger \cite{leidinger2020explicit} first showed in 2020 that for sufficiently smooth spline discretizations, the largest frequency was not affected by small trimmed elements if the mass matrix was lumped, a finding later supported by several independent numerical studies. This article provides a rigorous theoretical analysis aimed at unraveling this property. By combining linear algebra with functional analysis, we derive sharp analytical estimates capturing the behavior of the largest discrete frequency for lumped mass approximations and various trimming configurations. Additionally, we also provide estimates for the smallest discrete frequency, which has lately drawn closer scrutiny. Our estimates are then confirmed numerically for 1D and 2D problems.

Haonan Zhang

Fourier analysis on the discrete hypercubes $\{-1,1\}^n$ has found numerous applications in learning theory. A recent breakthrough involves the use of a classical result from Fourier analysis, the Bohnenblust--Hille inequality, in the context of learning low-degree Boolean functions. In these lecture notes, we explore this line of research and discuss recent progress in discrete quantum systems and classical Fourier analysis.

Inderjeet Nair, Shwetha Somasundaram, Apoorv Saxena et al.

We address the task of evidence retrieval for long document question answering, which involves locating relevant paragraphs within a document to answer a question. We aim to assess the applicability of large language models (LLMs) in the task of zero-shot long document evidence retrieval, owing to their unprecedented performance across various NLP tasks. However, currently the LLMs can consume limited context lengths as input, thus providing document chunks as inputs might overlook the global context while missing out on capturing the inter-segment dependencies. Moreover, directly feeding the large input sets can incur significant computational costs, particularly when processing the entire document (and potentially incurring monetary expenses with enterprise APIs like OpenAI's GPT variants). To address these challenges, we propose a suite of techniques that exploit the discourse structure commonly found in documents. By utilizing this structure, we create a condensed representation of the document, enabling a more comprehensive understanding and analysis of relationships between different parts. We retain $99.6\%$ of the best zero-shot approach's performance, while processing only $26\%$ of the total tokens used by the best approach in the information seeking evidence retrieval setup. We also show how our approach can be combined with \textit{self-ask} reasoning agent to achieve best zero-shot performance in complex multi-hop question answering, just $\approx 4\%$ short of zero-shot performance using gold evidence.

Aušra POKVIETYTĖ

In natural communication speakers and hearers unconsciously follow some rules that are scientifically investigated by linguistic pragmatics. Even though dialogues in films are created, they mirror natural conversations. Consequently, research methods of linguistic pragmatics are equally beneficial for the investigation of audiovisual texts. Combining theoretical approaches of politeness, implicatures, discourse analysis and multimodality, the study seeks to disclose the process of establishing an authority in a doctor-patient relationship. As a research material, an episode from an American TV Series In Treatment created by Rodrigo Garcia was selected. Both verbal and non-verbal channels were essential for the dynamics in switching between negative and positive politeness. Non-verbal information was also vital for implicatures, when the participants were trying to identify who is in charge and establish the authority relationship.

Evelina Atminytė

The article discusses the semiotics of greeting card with focus on the discursive configuration of the recto side. The aim is twofold: to examine the possible ways image and verbal text are combined and identify the meaning produced by its different configurations. Soviet Lithuanian New Year greeting cards (dated from the late 1950s to 1989) are analyzed to accomplish the study. The methodological approach is compound. The guidelines of Greimasian theory of semiotics and Tartu-Moscow semiotic school as well as the ideas of Jacques Fontanille and Jean-Marie Floch are used to perform the study.  The discourse analysis revealed that when placed on the recto side greeting text both anchors the content of the image and acts as a performative utterance. Depending on the specific configuration of the recto side and the material aspects of a greeting card, the role of enunciator can be subjected either to the artist or image figures. However, in some cases the performative function becomes secondary. For example, when playfulness established by the interrelation of image and verbal text is given priority over the greeting act.