Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

Pedro I. Pesantes-Grados, Emma Cambillo-Moyano, Erasmo H. Colona-Vallejos et al.

In this study, we develop and analyze an extended SEIR-type compartmental model that incorporates vaccination and treatment to describe the dynamics of acute respiratory infection transmission. The model subdivides the infectious population into several symptomatic stages and an asymptomatic class, which allows the evaluation of control strategies across different levels of infection severity. The basic reproduction number <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="script">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> is analytically derived, and its sensitivity to vaccination and treatment rates is examined to assess the impact of public health interventions on epidemic control. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the joint implementation of vaccination and treatment can markedly reduce disease prevalence and lead to infection elimination when <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="script">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The results emphasize the critical role of parameter interactions in determining disease persistence and show that combining both interventions produces stronger epidemiological effects than either one alone. Machine learning techniques, specifically Support Vector Machines (SVMs), are employed to classify epidemiological outcomes and support parameter estimation. The biological markers evaluated were not effective discriminants of infection status, underscoring the importance of integrating mechanistic modeling with data-driven approaches. This combined framework enhances the understanding of epidemic dynamics and improves the predictive capacity for decision-making in public health.

Manavalan Madhana Madhubala, Sekar Mahalaxmi

Background: Development of biomimetic nanomaterials for remineralization therapy is an important strategy in minimally invasive dentistry. The size of the therapeutic agent has a great influence on bioavailability, penetration ability, and larger surface area for interaction in hard tissue remineralization through the nonclassical crystallization pathway. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the remineralization-inducing potential of polydopamine (PDA) and polydopamine nanoparticles (nPDs) on artificially demineralized dentin. Methodology: nPDs were prepared using commercially procured dopamine hydrochloride by the wet precipitation method. Obtained particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and zeta potential determination via dynamic light scattering with a laser particle analyser, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cytocompatibility of nPD and PDA was assessed by (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on human dental pulpal stem cell lines. A total of 66 demineralized dentin slabs of 3 mm × 3 mm × 1 mm dimension were immersed in 2 mg/ml of freshly prepared PDA and nPD solutions for 12 hours, followed by reimmersion in calcium and phosphate solution at 37°C days for 10 days. Samples immersed in deionized water were used as a control group. All the specimens were subjected to various remineralization testing methods using SEM-EDX, Vicker’s microhardness, and micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the distribution, followed by one-way ANOVA for intergroup analysis and post hoc Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons within groups. Results: nPD exhibited a nanospherical morphology with positive zeta potential. nPD revealed the polymeric amorphous nature with characteristic functional groups and exhibited >80% relative cell viability. nPD promoted superior remineralization ability by the formation of hydroxyapatite closely mirroring the Ca/P ratio of natural dentin with a hardness value significantly closer to the baseline, which was further evidenced by higher-intensity peaks of phosphate, amide, and proline on micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis. Conclusion: Dentin remineralization is more strongly facilitated by nanometric PDA than PDA, which has an enhanced functional remineralization effect.

Binbin Hu, Guihong Liu, Kejia Zhao et al.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved protein functioning as a “molecular chaperone”, which is integral to protein folding and maturation. In addition to its high expression within cells upon stressful challenges, HSP70 can be translocated to the cell membrane or released from cells in free form or within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such trafficking of HSP70 is also present in cancer cells, as HSP70 is overexpressed in various types of patient samples across a range of common malignancies, signifying that extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) can serve as a tumor biomarker. eHSP70 is involved in a broad range of cancer-related events, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immune response. eHSP70 can also induce cancer cell resistance to various treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy. Though the role of eHSP70 in tumors is contradictory, characterized by both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, eHSP70 serves as a promising target in cancer treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current knowledge about the role of eHSP70 in cancer progression and treatment resistance and discussed the feasibility of eHSP70 as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.

Shokhan Azeez

Objective: This study aims to assess oral health knowledge, practices, and periodontal parameters among medical institute students in Sulaimani City, Iraq. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the help of a self-administered questionnaire and clinical examination of periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), Bleeding Index (BI) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)) among (200) medical institute students at Sulaimani City/Iraq. The questionnaire inquired about demographic details of students, which included students’ age and gender, and assessed the students’ knowledge about their oral health care, while the second part was based on oral health practices, with clinical examination conducted for each student by a periodontics specialist. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM Corporation). Results: The results showed that PI and BI with irregular brushing (1.2 (1.18), 12 (17.75), and 27.5 %), respectively, were more prevalent among male students than females, while all students more adopted the combined brushing technique (65.5%). Conclusions: Male students are less aware of their oral hygiene behavior and practice. Oral hygiene awareness programs to help and educate students on the need to adopt the correct techniques for tooth brushing and flossing are required to promote effective dental plaque control in an effort to maintain proper dental hygiene and avoid periodontal diseases

Simone Ortiz Moura Fideles, Adriana de Cássia Ortiz, Daniela Vieira Buchaim et al.

Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages, such as onions, apples, broccoli, berries, citrus fruits, tea, and red wine. Flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, acting in the prevention of several diseases. Quercetin also has neuroprotective properties and may exert a beneficial effect on nervous tissue. In this literature review, we compiled in vivo studies that investigated the effect of quercetin on regeneration and functional recovery of the central and peripheral nervous system. In spinal cord injuries (SCI), quercetin administration favored axonal regeneration and recovery of locomotor capacity, significantly improving electrophysiological parameters. Quercetin reduced edema, neutrophil infiltration, cystic cavity formation, reactive oxygen species production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, while favoring an increase in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, minimizing tissue damage in SCI models. In addition, the association of quercetin with mesenchymal stromal cells transplantation had a synergistic neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury. Similarly, in sciatic nerve injuries, quercetin favored and accelerated sensory and motor recovery, reducing muscle atrophy. In these models, quercetin significantly inhibited oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, favoring Schwann cell proliferation and nerve fiber remyelination, thus promoting a significant increase in the number and diameter of myelinated fibers. Although there is still a lack of clinical research, in vivo studies have shown that quercetin contributed to the recovery of neurological functions, exerting a beneficial effect on the regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Abhijit A Patil, Bhagyashree Kalsekar, Saniya J Kasat et al.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been advocated for medical use for many years because of its unique mechanical and biological properties. Recently many researchers proposed and successfully demonstrated the use of PEEK as a material of choice for various prosthodontics treatment modalities. The purpose of this case report is to show the feasibility of the use of PEEK as a choice of material for the fabrication of the maxillary obturator. The patient was presented with partial maxillectomy and seeking treatment to improve his speech, mastication, and function. PEEK was chosen as a material of choice for the fabrication of the framework based on properties like biocompatibility, inertness, low density, and ease of processing. The direct retainer components of the PEEK framework showed acceptable retentive properties. Also, the weight of the prosthesis was significantly reduced. Overall, the patient was satisfied with the function, esthetics, and comfort of the prosthesis. How to cite this article: Patil AA, Kalsekar B, Kasat SJ, <i>et al.</i> Fabrication of Maxillary Obturator Using Combination of PEEK, Acrylic Resin, and Silicone: A Case Report. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2022;12(1):46-50.

Ballester Benoit, Bukiet Frédéric, Dufour Jean-Charles

Abstract Background Over the past 50 years, dental informatics has developed significantly in the field of health information systems. Accordingly, several studies have been conducted on standardized clinical coding systems, data capture, and clinical data reuse in dentistry. Methods Based on the definition of health information systems, the literature search was divided into three specific sub-searches: “standardized clinical coding systems,” “data capture,” and “reuse of routine patient care data.” PubMed and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles. The review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR protocol. Results A total of 44 articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Of these, 15 were related to “standardized clinical coding systems,” 15 to “data capture,” and 14 to “reuse of routine patient care data.” Articles related to standardized clinical coding systems focused on the design and/or development of proposed systems, on their evaluation and validation, on their adoption in academic settings, and on user perception. Articles related to data capture addressed the issue of data completeness, evaluated user interfaces and workflow integration, and proposed technical solutions. Finally, articles related to reuse of routine patient care data focused on clinical decision support systems centered on patient care, institutional or population-based health monitoring support systems, and clinical research. Conclusions While the development of health information systems, and especially standardized clinical coding systems, has led to significant progress in research and quality measures, most reviewed articles were published in the US. Clinical decision support systems that reuse EDR data have been little studied. Likewise, few studies have examined the working environment of dental practitioners or the pedagogical value of using health information systems in dentistry.

Maaike Waasdorp, Bastiaan P. Krom, Floris J. Bikker et al.

Wound healing is an essential process to restore tissue integrity after trauma. Large skin wounds such as burns often heal with hypertrophic scarring and contractures, resulting in disfigurements and reduced joint mobility. Such adverse healing outcomes are less common in the oral mucosa, which generally heals faster compared to skin. Several studies have identified differences between oral and skin wound healing. Most of these studies however focus only on a single stage of wound healing or a single cell type. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of wound healing in skin versus oral mucosa during all stages of wound healing and including all cell types and molecules involved in the process and also taking into account environmental specific factors such as exposure to saliva and the microbiome. Next to intrinsic properties of resident cells and differential expression of cytokines and growth factors, multiple external factors have been identified that contribute to oral wound healing. It can be concluded that faster wound closure, the presence of saliva, a more rapid immune response, and increased extracellular matrix remodeling all contribute to the superior wound healing and reduced scar formation in oral mucosa, compared to skin.

Bashar Tawfeeq, Rawaa Y Al-Rawee, Younis M.S. Hasan et al.

Mehtab Munir, Shahid Mustafa Memon, Sajid Abbas Jaffri et al.

Objective: To compare clinical efficacy of diacerein-ginger with diacerein alone in treating knee osteoarthritis. Duration and place of study: It was a randomized clinical trial conducted from 21st September 2018 to 31stMarch 2019, in medical OPD of a private hospital in Karachi. Methodology: 60 diagnosed patients of knee osteoarthritis were included in this study. Male and female patients 50 years of age, fulfilling the inclusion criteria and after written informed consent experienced a wash-out period of 72 hours. These patients were systematically randomized into 2 groups each having 30 members. Group A received capsule Diacerein 50mg + capsule Ginger 550 mg twice daily and group B received capsule Diacerein 50mg twice daily, for 12 weeks. Parameters checked at 0, 6 and 12 weeks were: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, pain at rest and movement (Visual Analogue Scale). Comparison of the two groups was done by independent t-test. Results: Among 60 patients; 20 (33.33 %) were males and 40 (66.66%) were females. 4 patients in group A and 4 in B, dropped out during the study. Comparison of group A with group B in WOMAC and pain (at rest and movement) scores showed insignificant difference at day 0 before prescription of the drugs. However comparison showed highly significant difference (P-value < 0.001) between the two groups in WOMAC, pain at rest and movement scores at the end of 6th and 12th weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Diacerein-Ginger is clinically more efficacious for management of knee OA than Diacerein alone.

Fatima Y, Kazmi S, King S et al.

Yaqoot Fatima,1 Sarvat Kazmi,2 Stephanie King,1 Shaun Solomon,1 Sabina Knight1 1Centre for Rural and Remote Health (Mount Isa), James Cook University, Mount Isa, QLD, Australia; 2School of Health Science, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand Objective: To identify the constituents of positive placement experience and explore the association between positive placement experiences and rural and remote practice intentions. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2017. Medical, nursing, dentistry, and allied health students who completed a rural/remote placement were invited to complete a survey questionnaire on placement experience. Information on students&rsquo; sociodemographic factors, discipline, placement experience, placement satisfaction, and rural/remote practice intentions was collected. Modified Poisson regression was performed to determine the relationships between placement satisfaction and future rural practice intentions. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: A total of 873 students responded. The majority of the survey respondents were females (70.06%), with a median age of 22 years (IQR 21&ndash;25 years), and 44.46% of respondents were medical students. Students satisfied with their placement were 2.10 times more likely to have rural/remote practice intention than their counterparts. Of all components of rural/remote placement experience, satisfaction with the placement supervision had the highest impact on changing students&rsquo; rural/remote practice intentions from negative to positive. The major themes from qualitative analysis were as follows: &ldquo;wide variety of experience and hands-on learning opportunities,&rdquo; &ldquo;multidisciplinary exposure at home and workplace,&rdquo; &ldquo;support from the local University Department of Rural Health (UDRH),&rdquo; &ldquo;learning of indigenous culture,&rdquo; and &ldquo;experiencing challenges of rural health care services.&rdquo; Conclusion: There is a strong association between positive placement experience and future rural/remote practice intentions. Therefore, facilitation of positive placement experiences in remote and rural locations could be a key strategy in addressing rural health workforce maldistribution. Keywords: rural health workforce, student placement, postplacement practice intentions

Elby Roy, Mahmoud M. Bakr, Roy George

Virtual reality simulators are becoming an essential part of modern education. The benefits of Virtual reality in dentistry is constantly being assessed as a method or an adjunct to improve fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination in pre-clinical settings and overcome the monetary and intellectual challenges involved with such training. This article, while providing an overview of the virtual reality dental simulators, also looks at the link between virtual reality simulation and current pedagogical knowledge. Keywords: Virtual reality, Dental education, Dental simulators

Neda Al-Kaisy, Tanya Saddq, Lazyan Raouf

The purpose of the study was to record self-reported hygiene habits and examine the influence of denture hygiene level on the prevalence and intensity of denture stomatitis and traumatic ulcers in the edentulous maxilla of older patients wearing a complete maxillary denture. The study population comprised 38 maxillary complete denture (UCD) wearers (20 males and 18 females) aged 50–80 attending prosthodontics department of Sulaimani School of Dentistry. Denture hygiene habits were assessed and recorded. Biofilm on the internal surface of UCD was quantified using digital photos. Any relationships between denture hygiene habits, denture plaque and the condition of oral tissue were assessed.Of the participants, 94.7% cleaned their dentures with a toothbrush and 50% of them used toothpaste as cleaning method. The majority of them did not remove their dentures overnight and knew nothing about chemical denture cleansers for denture immersion. Only 26.3% of participants received instruction about denture and oral care from their dentists. Stomatitis was observed in 68.4% and traumatic ulcers in 18.4% of participants. A positive relation was observed between overnight removal of the denture and the presence of denture-related stomatitis. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test (P < 0.05).The degree of denture hygiene was significantly associated with sex, education, and overnight denture removal. No significant relation was found between denture plaque and denture stomatitis.Participants surveyed had limited awareness of denture hygiene care.

S. Jefferies

João Hélder Ferreira de Aguiar

Angle Class III malocclusion is characterized by anteroposterior dental discrepancy which might be associated or not with skeletal changes. Class III molar relationship is associated with vertical or lingually tipped mandibular incisors and a usually concave profile. These characteristics seriously affect facial esthetics and most frequently are the reason why patients seek orthodontic treatment. This case was presented to the committee of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requisites to become a BBO Diplomate.