Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

VĂDUVA CECILIA ELENA

Investment management focuses on achieving financial goals, not necessarily beating market performance. The main challenge is managing risks and ensuring consistent income, which may be more important than maximizing profits. Investment is a complex process that involves specialized knowledge. The absence of this knowledge can lead to ineffective evaluations and financial losses, with customers at risk of buying inappropriate or high-risk products. Following some basic principles in this area can make it easy for anyone to become an investor. In order to become a better investor, it is essential that one learns to manage risks and returns, select an appropriate capital allocation, diversify one's portfolio, maximize one's investments, protect against inflation and constantly monitor their evolution .

Fatah AMEUR, Amine OULMANE, Karima BOUDEDJA et al.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the technical efficiency of dairy cattle farms in Tizi Ouzou region as one of the main dairy basins in Algeria. To do so, a two-step analysis was applied. First, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to quantify the technical efficiency of dairy cattle farms. In the second step, a Tobit model to examine factors affecting farms’ technical efficiency is used. The analysis used cross-sectional data collected from 146 dairy cattle farmers. The study found that the average technical efficiency under VRS assumption is relatively high, suggesting that farms can reduce their inputs by an average of 17% while maintaining the same level of output. The study also highlights the crucial role that agricultural advisory system and traditional insemination play in enhancing technical efficiency. In this region, where cattle breeding is traditionally practiced on a small scale, increasing herd size can result in reduced performance. The study also recommended that agricultural policies should be adapted to local specificities and that a more supportive strategy should be adopted for small-scale family dairy farms instead of promoting the large farm model.

Amine M. Benmehaia, Soumeya Bekkis

This study addresses the urgent need to enhance food security in Algeria, exacerbated by nearby economic and geopolitical instabilities. It investigates six critical challenges, beginning with an overview of agricultural settings in Algeria. First, it questions the prioritization of strategic sectors, compelling a thorough reevaluation. Second, it highlights ongoing rural development issues, emphasizing insufficient investments in infrastructure. Third, it addresses price stability management by reconsidering the efficacy of different storage mechanisms. Fourth, the study examines agrarian structures, advocating for a meticulous evaluation to optimize land market efficiency. Fifth, it explores irrigation water management, questioning concerns of abundance and scarcity. Lastly, it confronts climate change challenges, emphasizing the need for more resilient agricultural practices. By analyzing these fundamental aspects, this study aspires to offer insights that can inform strategic policies and public interventions, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of Algerian food security in light of current and future challenges.

Wanda Wuttunee, David Newhouse

Indigenous peoples in Canada and around the world, for that matter, have come a very long way in addressing challenges and obstacles to nurturing and building healthy nations, communities, and economies. It has been our privilege to shed light on the resilience and tenacity demonstrated in stories and actions across this nation over the last half century. Community and business leaders have demonstrated incredible tenacity and strength in addressing the real economic challenges arising from a history of exclusion. There is a strong coterie of fellow researchers in the academy who have followed this journey, and without a doubt, we, as Indigenous people, are a powerful people, as noted throughout Carol Anne Hilton’s new book on the future of the Indigenous economy. The book, based upon her work at the Indigenomics Institute, paints a picture of a future full of opportunity and promise for those who are ready, with gratitude to those who are making the way forward.

DEACONU SORIN-CONSTANTIN

The self-employed person has features uncommon to a company or a legal entity. From a legal point of view, the self-employed person does not have a legal personality, and from an accounting point of view, its patrimony is confused with the patrimony of the holder. The self-employed person can obtain income from various sources besides salary, with a margin of income from dividends, income from the transfer of the use of goods, earnings from cryptocurrencies, etc. In these cases, the self-employed person will submit a single return on the personal numerical code, even if income is obtained from various sources and in various forms. Therefore, the globalization of income achieved by a self-employed person is achieved. Each income category has a peculiarity on how to declare and how to impose. We approach various cases to prepare the single return by a self-employed person imposed in a real or parttime income system.

Matthew Vitz

Existing scholarship on “tropicality” emphasizes how Europeans and US-Americans constructed the tropics discursively and visually in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Scientists, investors, and travelers denigrated tropical spaces to legitimize imperialism, labeling them backwards, racially degenerative, disease-ridden, and unconducive to civilization without white European intervention These works unwittingly reproduce a central assumption of the very imperialists they critique: namely, that North Atlantic elites controlled knowledge production. They thus marginalize the important theorizing and conceptualizing that transpired in tropical spaces. Following independence, Latin American national elites agonized over how to integrate their tropical territories, many of which remained isolated, and make them legible for economic modernization. This article uses Mexico as a case study for Latin American representations about the tropics given its diverse temperate and tropical geography, its key role in the global commercial economy, and its robust intellectual production. I argue that the ways in which Mexican intellectuals—public officials, geographers, philosophers, and others—thought about their low-lying tropical lands molded nation-building projects and contributed to the global production of environmental knowledge at a time when notions of tropical peril and degeneracy were giving way to the promise of tropical bonanza. By tracing the changes and continuities of Mexicans’ tropical discourses in a global context, I underscore the underappreciated environmental and geographic thought of influential Mexicans—from Matías Romero and Francisco Bulnes to José Vasconcelos—who rarely appear in environmental historiography. A focus on these different imaginaries regarding the significance, purpose, and place of Mexico’s tropical lands also reveals the extent to which material interventions in the tropics and discursive representations of the tropics have co-constituted each other.

Donald O. E. Amadasun, Ashley T. Mutezo

Abstract Background Access to finance has been identified as one of the biggest problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in most developing economies. Similarly, access to finance has been identified as a dominant constraint facing the SME sector in Lesotho. This paper established the factors related to access to finance that influence the competitive growth of the SME sector in Lesotho. The factors that were identified include financial information access, bank and business support services, the structure of banks, and the collateral requirements of the financial sector. Findings The results from our analysis indicated that a relationship exists between the independent variables of financial information access, bank and business support services, the structure of banks, and the collateral requirement by commercial banks. As such these independent variables are associated with SMEs’ capacity to attain competitive growth in Lesotho. Explicitly, the results indicated that Basotho entrepreneurs and managers see the predictors (collateral requirement, financial information access, and bank and business support services) as critical factors of access to finance that constrain most enterprises from accessing the necessary credit from banks, which ultimately influence the SMEs’ capacity to attain competitive growth in Lesotho. Conclusions The study concludes that access to finance significantly affects the competitive growth of SMEs in Lesotho. Thus, this study suggests that several specific and harmonized financial policy actions are needed in the Lesotho financial market to establish an enabling policy that will ease enterprises’ access to adequate funding programs. These funding programs should target improved financial schemes that are coordinated, competitive, and directed towards Basotho SMEs’ access to finance, and enables a harmonized credit policy that guarantees a win–win for SME loan applicants and the financial market operators.

ALEXANDRU-MIHAI CRIJMAN

While companies are growing, they are starting to implement more and more complex business processes which day by day are getting even more complex trying to cover all the business needs and compliances. This creates a lot of repetitive and tedious human tasks which increase the process duration and decrease customer satisfaction. One important aspect that companies usually do not take seriously is Employee Satisfaction while the customer is looking for instant gratification and service resolutions. Thisscientific endeavor explores how Robotic Process Automations can transform and digitize business processes by optimizing and automating them to keep them up to date and competitive. Robotic Process Automation, quite new technology uses artificial intelligence / digital workers to free up employees from repetitive work letting them focus on more added-value activities. I will explain what RPA is and its infrastructure. We will explore their benefits and how you can identify good processes for automation. In the end, we will understand how this new technology can transform today’s work. This work tries to offer an overview of understanding of what is the Robotic Process Automation potential.

CĂTĂLIN FLORIN ZETI, MIHAELA LUCA, CRISTINA PIRVU

The control of governmental expenditure is one of the main traits of democratic systems. Similarly, the supreme state audit has been around for centuries, in most European states, which have established mechanisms to ensure accountability for the management of public expenditure, as well as to guarantee their transparency and supervision. Public audit focuses on the formation and use of public funds, being an integral part of good governance. It has a wide range of manifestation, covering all areas of the public sector, each of them being analyzed from at least two perspectives: the financial effort of the public sector to carry out the activities and the impact of these activities that are useful to society. The study of the norms elaborated at international level and the experience of advanced European states offers a comprehensive perspective on public audit from a conceptual point of view within the current European context and helps us highlight the role of audit in restoring public confidence in the quality of the financial reporting system. Moreover, public audit plays a decisive role in increasing efficiency and transparency in the management of public resources and in reducing corruption. The impact of the external public audit activity of the Romanian Court of Accounts on the correct and effective management of public financial resources can be highlighted as a whole, using the data from the audit reports published by the institution.

Felice Adinolfi, Fabian Capitanio, Marcello De Rosa et al.

Gender differences in rural enterprise are a relevant field of analysis which calls for a deeper investiga-tion concerning key variables affecting farm’s performance and on the basis of gender. This paper tries to explore eventual gender gaps in the farms of Italy. Two variables are investigated: “Who” variable discriminate farm’s manager on the basis of gender under a constituent perspective of female entrepre-neurship. “Where” context is articulated in business, social and spatial context, with the aim of excavat-ing the multiple dimensions of farm entrepreneurship. In order to bring out the differences between male and female condominium farms in Italy, an econometric model was applied, with the aim of identifying context-related differences. The results confirm gender gaps related to farm performance, networking, diversification strategies and access to rural policies, by enlightening diverse paths of development in rural enterprises on the basis of explanatory variables. Therefore, adopted methodology reveals its utility in explaining gender gaps and addressing targeted policy implication at the beginning of a new program-ming era for the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU.

Salah Salimian, MohamadRasol Almasifard

Due to the phenomenon of globalization, investors today pay more attention than ever to investing in its global concept. On the other hand, scholars in the field of international relations, especially in the liberal tradition, emphasize the impact of international economic cooperation, such as trade and investment, on the spread of peace and the prevention of war. Accordingly, the present article, while referring to objective examples of international relations, has tried to provide a different answer to the important question of "economic cooperation in the form of international investment while maximizing" by using "game theory". "Investor interests should also prevent war and the development of peace." By presenting a static game between players, the article models the behavior between investors and countries according to the possible strategies for each player. In this regard, first, a situation is considered in which the two countries are indifferent to each other. Then in the second case, two countries are considered to be rivals (enemies) and in the third case, three countries are assumed, one of which is a rival and the other is indifferent. Given the equilibrium obtained in all three cases, the overall result indicates that the investment achieves the best result (Nash equilibrium) by forming portfolios in different markets and the country at home by creating interaction and peace. The results of the research in the language of logic (mathematics) confirm the effect of economic cooperation on the development of peace, where through the development of international investment, governments achieve peace and on the other hand, investors achieve the best results.

DRAŽEN VRHOVAC, JELENA VITOMIR, MILENA LUTOVAC et al.

The functioning of internal audit in transition countries is aimed at the optimal and realistic analysis of companies in order to maximize business results and safety of top management. As an internal organization factor, it justifies the existence on which it was founded by top management of an industrial enterprise by creating general conditions for true management reporting. In addition, it enhances the security of work in terms of reporting to state authorities on the work and operations of industrial enterprises. Internal audit carries out its activity continuously and is becoming an increasingly important factor in the safety of work and functioning of enterprises, especially in the Republic of Serbia. Formed internal audit in them raises new professional issues related to true financial reporting. She is given an increasingly important role, first of all in a professional sense, because her work promotes the work of top management of an industrial enterprise in the transition country of the Republic of Serbia audience.

GHERGHINA LILIANA

Through the paper called Study to evaluate the employees’ attitude according to management styles practiced in services organizations, the importance of leadership styles in the managerial act is underlined. This evaluation study is based on direct research in the form of a random survey based on a questionnaire, the results being grouped according to selection criteria, according to the subjects' response. In the field of services, an optimal managerial system based on principles, merit, performance, abilities and flexibility in adapting management styles to different situations needs to be developed. Based on the theoretical concepts and their identification in practice, one can mention that each manager has a special importance in choosing management styles. because s/he has to respect principles such as competence, competition, equal opportunities, professionalism, motivation and transparency. In the course of the managerial activity in organizations offering services, managers must also be evaluated according to characteristics that express their resilience to stress, their attitudes and behaviors. These define the type of manager and management style that should be flexibly adapted to any new situation. The information analysis shows that the choice of a certain behavior by the managers is the result of the convergent action of several determinants and characteristics of the managerial styles, as well as of the subjective perception of the managerial styles by the subordinates. In order to achieve objectives, managers must have an optimal attitude and communication behavior within and outside the organization, and adhere to ethical principles and professional deontology. The study also identified some cases of dissatisfaction in the subjects, which could generate ideas for further research and recommendations to strengthen the usefulness of this research.

Ibrahim Mike Okumu, Edward Bbaale, Madina Mwagale Guloba

Abstract This paper estimates the association between innovation and employment growth among manufacturing firms in Africa. The paper uses a cross-sectional World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset in which innovation is categorised as product innovation and process innovation. Results from the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation are more efficient compared to IV 2SLS. The pooled OLS results indicate that: (1) employment growth is positively associated with both process and product innovation, (2) a weak business environment especially intermittent electricity supply undermines the ability of innovation to induce employment growth and (3) relationship between innovation and employment growth is not conditioned on firm age although it is conditioned on firm size. Such findings suggest that employment growth in Africa could benefit from policies and programs that induce firms to embrace innovation. In addition, a strong business environment is necessary in complementing the potential of innovation to enhance employment growth in Africa.

MARIAN DURBĂCEA-BOLOVAN

The abstract has to include enough information for readers to be able to appreciate the nature and meaning of the subject, the adequate character of the research method as well as the results and conclusions of the paper. The abstract is not an introduction, it synthesizes the essential results of the research and does not list only the matters discussed in the paper. The abstract shall be written with times new roman, font size 10, italic. It shall include 200-250 words, single spacing.

RABONTU CECILIA IRINA

The trend, increasingly accentuated, to appeal to a private medical clinic over those of the state, asserted by population, raised our interest and we have started a research on the development state of the health private segment in Romania. For this, we studied specialty literature and the official statistics found on sites from this area. We will lean out with help of descriptive statistical analysis on the way of private medical units development related to total units, on the quality of services but also on the quality of staff and its degree of motivation in the private versus the public hospitals. We consider that the results we get will highlight the fact that establishments providing medical services in private centers have surprisingly evolved, the Romanian people can be treated in private clinics as well as abroad, with techniques and equipment of last generation, wielded by a a high quality staff properly motivated both financial and work environment.

KISS MARTA

The influence of the brand on purchase decision has been and is still extensively studied by marketers, researchers, economists, manufacturers (especially the multinational companies). In the present study we aimed to find out if the brand influences the purchase decision of consumers in general (brand products/services). A survey has been conducted in September 2016 on a number of 225 people, residents of Tîrgu Mureş city, from Romania, aged between 15 and 65+. The collected data were analyzed to comply with the obiectives and also to draw conclusions. From the study it is reveal that the purchase decision of a potencial buyer is influenced by a number of factors, in particularly by the quality and price. We chose to study the influence of brand on purchase decision, a very topical subject that can never be fully exhausted.

NĂSTASIE MIHAELA – ANDREEA

General research area of this article is the motivation of personnel, essential tool in the management process, and also a component derived from human resource management. In economic activity, personnel motivation should be regarded as an internal process, not as an imperative that can be imposed from outside the economic entity. Managers of economic entities must, first, understand personnel motivation strategies, how they influence positively or negatively the internal motivations of employees. Personnel motivation by itself attracts an end, just as profitable and moral, individual and social welfare making.

LĂPĂDUŞI MIHAELA LOREDANA, CĂRUNTU CONSTANTIN

The main goal of any business is to maintain the financial stability not only on the short term but also on medium and long term, in other words to maintain a harmony between financial sources and financial needs, respectively the equality between the assets and liabilities from the balance sheet. On short term, maintaining the financial stability involves correlating the temporary resources with the temporary uses by using the necessary working capital, and on the long-term, the financial stability involves comparing the permanent resources with the permanent uses by working capital indicator. The determination of the financial state of the company at a certain moment represents the key moment in establishing and adopting the economic and financial decisions in the management of the company. Maintaining the financial stability of the company represents one of the main objectives of the financial analysis and management and it also provides the optimum development of the entire economic and financial activity of the company. The analysis of the working capital size is based on the financial statement data and information, and based on this analysis is considered the financial situation of the company, the financial equilibrium state at a certain moment. The purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that the maintenance of the financial stability on medium and long term is subordinated to the “working capital” indicator, its content and interpretation evolving in time and varying differently from one company to another. The results of this research may have broad applicability in the field of the companies’ activity and it materializes in the complex approach of the working capital regarded as a classic indicator, frequently used in the financial analysis and with profound significance in establishing the financial state in general and the equilibrium state in particular.

Maria Călinoiu, Irina Ramona Pecingină

Volcanic eruptions are the geologic hazards, rare and extreme events, natural nature, which affects life, property and human activity and whose extension leads to disaster.