Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Elaine Swan

In our Shadwell food history walk, part of a larger ‘Food Lives’ initiative, we employed counter-mapping techniques to shed light on overlooked post-war migrant cafés, revealing their essential role in facilitating food security and community. These spaces, often central in marginalised individuals’ navigation through urban life, epitomise racialised resistance and survival. Their significance, especially the almost invisible contributions of women and men of colour, stands in contrast to dominant historical narratives. The spatial food heritage of Cable Street emphasises the longstanding influence of racially marginalised migrant communities, countering racism and racial inequalities. Drawing parallels to present-day East End eateries, often criticised yet serving as cultural hubs, the project underscores the enduring ‘sticky emotions’ tied to food, racial dynamics, and colonial legacies.

Giuseppe Troccoli, Chris Moreh, Derek McGhee et al.

While diagnostic tests are a fundamental component of contemporary medical practice they are seldom considered in studies of transnational healthcare. This article investigates the little-studied role played by diagnostic testing in the healthcare-seeking practices of migrants. It is concerned with the experiences of Polish migrants living in the UK and who access a variety of health services in their host and origin countries across the public and private sectors. We analyse data from semi-structured phone interviews conducted in 2020 with 32 adult Poles living in the UK who identified as having themselves, or non-professionally caring for someone with, a long-term health condition. The article contributes to the literature on migrants’ transnational healthcare practices by showing the centrality of diagnostic technology in their health management and sense-making through the creation, modification, and maintenance of ‘transnational social fields’ (Levitt and Schiller 2004). By emphasizing the role of tests in the patient-doctor relationship the article exposes the therapeutic outcomes of the mobilities of patients and tests as they intersect with physicians in multiple medical encounters.

Ruwan Ratnayake, Nada Abdelmagid, Claire Dooley

The estimation of population denominators of internally displaced people (IDP) and other crisis-affected populations is a foundational step that facilitates all humanitarian assistance. However, the humanitarian system remains somewhat tolerant of irregular and inaccurate estimates of population size and composition, particularly of IDPs. In this commentary, we review how humanitarian organizations currently approach the estimation of IDP populations, and how field approaches and analytical methodologies can be improved and integrated.

Erika Braanen Sterri

This article examines how attitudes toward Muslims among native majority adolescents in Norway are associated with the ethno-religious composition of their school environment. The inflow of immigrants has changed the sociodemographic landscape in Norway, introducing new dimensions of urban school segregation. The school context represents a key socializing context outside of the family and structures contact opportunities across ethnic and religious lines. Research on how exposure to peers from different backgrounds influences majority group students’ out-group attitudes have produced conflicting findings, and central theories propose different mechanisms influencing the relationship between relative group size and prejudice. Using a unique dataset with both individual- and school-level information from Norway’s capital region and controlling for observed characteristics of students and their parents, the results show that levels of negative attitudes toward Muslims decreased with relative out-group size. This finding indicates that multiethnic settings bolster tolerant attitudes toward Muslims in Norwegian schools.

Catherine Dauvergne

Abstract This article follows from the workshop that Professor Mireille Paquet organized in Montreal in June 2018, to discuss my book, The New Politics of Immigration and the End of Settler Societies (Cambridge, 2016; Dauvergne 2016). In relation to this event and the articles of this special issue, this paper embarks on revisiting The New Politics of Immigration , now more than three after it first appeared in print. In this paper, I reflect on whether my arguments stand up to the test presented by the events of the past three years. Recent events lead me to nuance some of my original arguments, but on the whole even the most recent surprises fit well into the New Politics framework that points to increasing salience, legalization and urgency in politicizing immigration.

David Rundle

David Rundle is the author of a monograph on the role of an international group of scribes and of English elites in the success achieved by humanist script during the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. In this, he challenges the conventional assumptions of a history of humanism which sees it as spreading from an Italian centre to further-flung peripheries. He focuses instead on the importance of cosmopolitan collaboration and on the migratory habits of the elites who nurtured humanism. In this interview, he discusses the principles and the methods of his research, clarifying some of the concepts and elaborating on the potential significance of its conclusions to other areas of enquiry.

Santiane Arias

No fim dos anos 1990, surgiram em diversos países sedes dos encontros das organizações internacionais manifestações de oposição à financeirização da economia e das políticas neoliberais, resultando no início de um novo movimento autodenominado altermundialista. Das marchas de protestos cada vez mais constantes nasceu o projeto do Fórum Social Mundial (2001). O altermundialismo foi apresentado por grande parte da literatura como um movimento novo, plural, não-hierárquico, transnacional, transclassista e pós-material. A proposta deste artigo é problematizar essas teses, redimensionando-as a partir da análise do caso da ATTAC (Associação pela Tributação das Transações Financeiras para o Apoio aos Cidadãos), uma das entidades mais implicadas e identificadas com o movimento. Para tanto, buscou-se aqui pensar de maneira articulada o programa político da associação; sua composição e forma de organização à luz das transformações em curso com o avanço do neoliberalismo. Sem perder de vista a importância da confluência altermundialista na legibilidade do processo de constituição e atuação da ATTAC, a análise detida do seu caso colocou em evidencia: a) a forte homogeneidade social da associação; b) a relação com estruturas organizacionais “tradicionais”, como o sindicato; c) a dinâmica interna contrastando inúmeras vezes com o discurso da horizontalidade; d) a importância da reconfiguração das relações laborais na mobilização dos seus integrantes; e) a forte base nacional da sua atuação.

Montserrat González Garibay, Peter De Cuyper

More than 10 years after the introduction of immigrant integration policies in Western Europe, policy debates have shifted from conceptual issues (What is integration? When is an immigrant integrated into a society?) to the effectiveness of integration policies (Do integration policies help immigrants to find jobs, learn a language or access services?). There is, in other words, a manifest need of an evidence basis, but no scientific studies on the topic have been published so far. Is there an evidence basis for immigrant integration policies? Which standards ought such an evidence basis to fulfil? This article addresses the two questions from an exploratory perspective. It provides an overview of the available information on the effectiveness of immigrant integration policies across the European Union and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. By doing so, it contributes to the incorporation of the perspective of evidence-based policy literature from the field of public administration into immigrant integration studies.

Colectivo IOÉ

The present article aims to outline a framework for the understanding of the present international migratory flows as well as to outline their main traits. In order to do this, we first group together the different migratory flows produced since the sixteenth century up to the mid seventies in the twentieth  century, stopping then for a closer look at the present situation which register the impact of economic globalization, translating it into an increase of said flows and, above all, to their enormous diversification. To end, we make a brief balance of the present period and a critical evaluation on the meaning of one of the flows which attracts most attention, economic migrations south-north, because these are the ones which have the most impact on developed countries.

Flávio Augusto Lira Nascimento

Desde 1991, a Ásia Central tem sido a região na qual Rússia e China têm desempenhado sua mais assertiva cooperação em segurança. Neste artigo, apresenta-se o desenvolvimento histórico de tal colaboração desde o fim da Guerra Fria, assim como o teor dos documentos que embasam a gravitação securitária da Ásia Central em torno de Moscou e Pequim, culminando-se, desta forma, em um regime de segurança centro-asiático liderado por China e Rússia.

Colette Zytnicki

Agarwal, Prachi

Rosa Aparicio Gómez

Martin Bak Jørgensen, Ada I. Engebrigtsen, Mika Helander et al.

Steven Gold, Rona Hart

AbstractDespite their impressive patterns of economic mobility and generally successful adaptation into Western host societies, Israeli emigrants frequently view their stay abroad through the perspective of Zionism. As such, they express ambivalence about their presence on foreign soil. They seldom describe themselves as host country nationals, commonly socialize with other Israelis, frequently describe their intentions to return home, and often do so.However, recent events may challenge this outlook. During the 1990s, Israel’s significant demographic and economic growth, relatively peaceful relations with neighbouring countries and increasingly globalized economy had the effect of lessening the stigma on going abroad. Then, since the fall of 2000, Israel has been rocked by the Al Aksa Intifada, as well as a major recession. These events have made life more difficult for Israelis. Accordingly, conditions of the last several years can be seen as altering Israelis’ motives for emigration and simultaneously shifting the probability of return among those already overseas.While a topic of interest in its own right, the experience of Israeli emigrants since late 2000 also offers a natural experiment for evaluating how theories about migrant transnationalism consider the consequences of specific events upon relations with citizens abroad.This paper relies on in‐depth interviews and other data sources to explore Israeli emigrants’ views about remaining in host societies versus returning to Israel since late 2000. In so doing, it considers how emigrants evaluate potential benefits, costs and feelings of identification associated with residence overseas versus Israel. The paper also seeks more general insights into how relations between migrants and the country of origin are altered when events affect political and economic conditions in the country of origin.

Mercedes Fernández García

Judith Keene

This paper assesses the explanatory possibilities of the concept of prosthetic memory, with cinema as the enabler of popular understanding, when applied to the Korean War. The essay examines why it was that the conflict in Korea for many decades occupied a memory void and whether the explanations that have been offered for other similar “forgotten “wars are useful in relation to Korea. The analysis sugggests that cinema may be important in the formation of popular understanding but that there are serious analytical drawbacks in assuming that cinema can provide a window into popular mentalities.

Jonathan Barrett, Luke Strongman

Postcolonial legal culture in New Zealand (Aotearoa) has sought to revise the past by reinterpreting Victorian legal contexts in the light of contemporary understandings of inter-cultural differences. This article develops an argument that demonstrates the relationship between cultural and legal notions of time during nineteenth century New Zealand. It examines the way in which Victorian attitudes were expressed in the expansion of colonial empire and the discursive ideologies which may have informed them. It explores the notion of time as expressed in lawmaking in colonial New Zealand through an examination of legal and philosophical commentary derived from contemporary jurisprudence and para-legal literature. The article is concerned with presenting an argument for the way in which colonial law and lawmakers manipulated the symbolic notion of time to the possible occlusion of indigenous interests in colonial New Zealand.

Agustin Escobar‐Latapí

Low‐skill labour migration from Mexico to the US is a dominant aspect of general Mexico‐US migration. It is of even greater importance in undocumented migration in general and in undocumented border flows, and as such has become a growing source of concern and initial coordination and collaboration between the two governments. Its visibility made it a primary target for the recent Immigration Act of 1996, and is by far over‐represented in apprehension and deportation statistics.At once unwanted and needed, low‐skill Mexicans in the US have been at the core of immigration "problems", and are beginning to receive the kind of policy attention that might, in the medium‐term, change the face of migration in North America.The prospects for Mexican low‐skill migration to the US will be determined, to a large extent, by the following:– Changing Mexican demographic dynamics means that the US‐Mexico demographic gap will become less significant as a factor in supply‐side migration pressure in the medium‐term.– Mexico’s crises and its process of restructuring were significant factors fostering emigration in the eighties. Currently, growth of formal, paid jobs is becoming a more significant factor in labour force expansion. This could help diminish emigration pressure, but will at best be a gradual process, subject to the continuation of steady economic growth.– In the US, the restructuring of employment was a force behind the growth of immigration during the eighties; during the nineties sheer labour force growth seems to have been the dominant factor underlying labour immigration.– Due to the growth of migration and the spread of social networks in the eighties, labour migrants today are likely to respond faster and more efficiently to changing conditions in supply, demand and policy factors, such as border enforcement and restrictions on immigrant rights. Should market factors persist, migration will do likewise but for significant changes in policy and enforcement, mainly at the employment level.Migration has continued to grow during the nineties and deportations and expulsions of Mexicans are massive. But the two governments are now systematically discussing migration and other bilateral issues. Specifically, the process by which undocumented Mexicans are returned to their country is now carried out in an orderly fashion and with remarkable improvements in their treatment. There are improvements in the treatment of complaints, and reports of abuses have dropped. However, such programmes involving undocumented migration are of little significance. There are working examples of programmes that may provide lessons on possible legal alternatives to the large undocumented flows.The article recommends that any large‐scale migrant worker programme be bilateral in nature. There are two reasons for this. First, bilateral enforcement is likely to better protect migrant rights. Second, Mexican involvement in the process of return (and prolonged stay) in Mexico is likely to minimize the conversion of temporary, circular migration into other, more permanent kinds.

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