Hasil untuk "Special types of environment"

G. N. Zubov

Objective: to determine the place of digital phonograms, videograms and videophonograms in the system of electronic evidence in Russian judicial proceedings, to form a unified conceptual framework and classification system to ensure effective use in procedural practice.Methods: the research is based on the universal dialectical method of cognition, general scientific methods (description, comparison, generalization, modeling, analysis, synthesis), and specific scientific methods. Special attention was paid to the system-structural analysis of regulatory legal acts, state standards in the field of information technology, and international documents regulating work with digital evidence. The author applied methods of criminalistic research, a formal legal method of interpreting procedural norms, and a comparative analysis of foreign experience in regulating electronic evidence.Results: the study identified and systematized the key reasons for the legal uncertainty of electronic evidence: a variety of representation forms, high data vulnerability, insufficient competence of the proving subjects, and inconsistency with traditional methods of evidence recording. The author developed an original classification of electronic evidence and digital phonograms, videograms, and videophonograms, using criteria such as the form of data presentation, recording method, and nature of information media. Universal definitions of the basic concepts are formulated: electronic evidence, digital evidence, digital phonogram, videophonogram, data carriers, a copy of digital evidence. The necessity is substantiated to harmonize procedural norms based on state standards of information technologies and international experience.Scientific novelty: for the first time, a comprehensive methodology was developed to form the conceptual apparatus and classification of electronic evidence, integrating state standards on information technology with criminalistic and procedural aspects of evidence recording. Universal terms and definitions were introduced, which had been absent in the current Russian legislation. They were adapted for all types of legal proceedings, taking into account the specifics of the digital environment. A typical model of working with digital evidence was proposed, with identification, collection, receipt, preservation, analysis and presentation stages. The category of digital phonograms, videograms and videophonograms was proved to be a subtype of electronic discrete digital evidence.Practical significance: the results can be used to improve procedural legislation regarding the regulation of work with electronic evidence. They can help to develop departmental instructions and practical recommendations for investigators, specialists and experts on the identification, collection, fixation, verification and evaluation of digital evidence. The proposed classification and conceptual framework contribute to the unification of approaches to the procedural design of electronic evidence. The result is minimizing procedural errors, increasing the competence of the proving subjects, and ensuring the admissibility and reliability of digital phonograms, videograms and videophonograms. The research materials are applicable in the training of lawyers, investigators, and forensic experts specializing in digital forensics

Wentian Zhu, Zhen Xiang, Wei Niu et al.

Unlike regular tokens derived from existing text corpora, special tokens are artificially created to annotate structured conversations during the fine-tuning process of Large Language Models (LLMs). Serving as metadata of training data, these tokens play a crucial role in instructing LLMs to generate coherent and context-aware responses. We demonstrate that special tokens can be exploited to construct four attack primitives, with which malicious users can reliably bypass the internal safety alignment of online LLM services and circumvent state-of-the-art (SOTA) external content moderation systems simultaneously. Moreover, we found that addressing this threat is challenging, as aggressive defense mechanisms-such as input sanitization by removing special tokens entirely, as suggested in academia-are less effective than anticipated. This is because such defense can be evaded when the special tokens are replaced by regular ones with high semantic similarity within the tokenizer's embedding space. We systemically evaluated our method, named MetaBreak, on both lab environment and commercial LLM platforms. Our approach achieves jailbreak rates comparable to SOTA prompt-engineering-based solutions when no content moderation is deployed. However, when there is content moderation, MetaBreak outperforms SOTA solutions PAP and GPTFuzzer by 11.6% and 34.8%, respectively. Finally, since MetaBreak employs a fundamentally different strategy from prompt engineering, the two approaches can work synergistically. Notably, empowering MetaBreak on PAP and GPTFuzzer boosts jailbreak rates by 24.3% and 20.2%, respectively.

Iryna Kashuba, Vera Serganova

In this paper we study special representations of finite-dimensional Jordan algebra $J$ whose $Rad^2 J=0$. For each Jordan algebra $J$ of this class we consider its Tits-Kantor-Koecher construction $TKK(J)$ and then associate to the latter a quiver with relations $Q$ such that the category of representations of $Q$ is isomorphic to the category of special representations of $J$.

Mahsa Golchoubian, Moojan Ghafurian, Nasser Lashgarian Azad et al.

Trajectory behaviours of pedestrians and vehicles operating close to each other can be different in unstructured compared to structured environments. These differences in the motion behaviour are valuable to be considered in the trajectory prediction algorithm of an autonomous vehicle. However, the available datasets on pedestrians' and vehicles' trajectories that are commonly used as benchmarks for trajectory prediction have not been classified based on the nature of their environment. On the other hand, the definitions provided for unstructured and structured environments are rather qualitative and hard to be used for justifying the type of a given environment. In this paper, we have compared different existing datasets based on a couple of extracted trajectory features, such as mean speed and trajectory variability. Through K-means clustering and generalized linear models, we propose more quantitative measures for distinguishing the two different types of environments. Our results show that features such as trajectory variability, stop fraction and density of pedestrians are different among the two environmental types and can be used to classify the existing datasets.

Mijatović Marina D.

The appearance of cyberbullying in the digital age is a serious social problem that requires careful study and an adequate approach to its prevention. This paper analyzes the definition of cyberbullying, its characteristics, causes and consequences of this phenomenon. The progress of information and communication technologies, accompanied by the growing accessibility of the Internet, has resulted in the emergence of new forms of education, communication and entertainment. However, at the same time, the door opens to new opportunities for violent behavior. The continuous development of technology has transformed the way people interact, creating new digital spaces in which a wide range of activities take place. In such an environment, phenomena such as cyberbullying, online abuse, identity theft and other digital threats have become more and more present, at the same time causing concern to society, which results in the need for an adequate prevention and response strategy. Cyberbullying can be defined as intentional abuse or harassment of an individual through social networks, e-mail, phone calls or messages, electronic media, which is repeated over time. Considering the ubiquity of digital communication as an everyday interaction in society, a more detailed understanding of how digital violence can cause serious mental, emotional and social consequences for all exposed persons is necessary. Digital violence can be manifested in a variety of ways, not limited to cyberbullying, threats via the Internet, distribution of inappropriate content, and the like. The above mentioned types of abuse can cause permanent and deep traumas, reduce the level of self-confidence of people who are labeled with this type of violence, damage them emotionally and socially. This paper provides a broader picture of the impact of digital violence on all aspects of personality with a special emphasis on the identification of risk factors and the development of prevention with the aim of protecting each individual in the digital environment.

Fadhil Hidayat, Ulva Elviani, George Bryan Gabriel Situmorang et al.

<italic>Context:</italic> Facial recognition is one aspect of research that still has broad potential for research and development, especially as a security system for automatic border control. There is a significant continuous need to understand the characteristics of system development by considering system complexity and implementation environmental conditions. <italic>Objective:</italic> This research aims to provide in-depth insight and assist researchers and practitioners in developing large-scale facial detection systems for automatic border control. It has a high level of complexity that necessitates special attention to several factors such as real-time system, privacy, variations in facial features, quantity of data, model, and implementation environment. <italic>Method:</italic> This study used a systematic literature review as a research methodology by Kitchenham. The analysis was based on studies published between 2019 and 2023 on using facial recognition in autonomous border control. A systematic analysis of research was conducted by examining 112 scientific studies from 7884 papers in scientific databases. <italic>Result:</italic> Based on research questions, 12 types of threats are often encountered in ABC face recognition, which can be seen in <xref ref-type="sec" rid="sec4">section IV</xref>. The method most widely used is deep learning, especially for detecting emotional features and morphing attacks. Apart from that, most datasets used are private because they require collaboration with organizations and are related to privacy. Three remaining issues are encountered in this research, including face recognition methodology, privacy, and architecture for large-scale development. <italic>Future directions:</italic> This study suggests two future research topics to enhance achieving desired results in large-scale and complex advancements in a methodical and structured while upholding privacy ethics.

Andrew Karvonen, Tom Hargreaves

Highlights Buildings and cities are increasingly being reconfigured and re-imagined by flows of data. Smart homes and cities, digitally networked infrastructure services, shared mobility programmes and autonomous vehicles, surveillance and security systems, and urban control centres are a few of the many examples of how data are emerging as an influential driver of urban development processes. The aim of this special issue is to enhance our collective understanding of the practices, politics and power implications of data-driven buildings and cities. How are data generated, metabolised and gathered in the built environment? Who designs and governs these data flows, and to what end? Who and what are enrolled in the datafication of buildings and cities? What forms and types of data are collected, and what is ignored in data flows at and across different scales? What are the broader implications for social justice and equity? This editorial overviews the main issues of data politics for buildings and cities, summarises the four articles that comprise this special issue, and concludes with recommendations for policy, design and future research. While the contributors identify multiple negative aspects of datafication, they also suggest pathways to inform more progressive and emancipatory futures.

Wang Meng, Sun Zhengzheng, He Zhidong et al.

Quantitative studies of mangrove leaf functional traits will help us understand the adaptive evolutionary strategies of mangrove plants and the relationship between mangrove biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Because of the special environment of the intertidal zone where mangroves are located, it is very difficult to obtain the functional traits of mangrove canopies from the ground, and relevant studies are lacking. The maturity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral remote sensing technology provides a new means of conducting such research. This study considered mangroves on Qi'ao Island, Zhuhai, as the research object. Based on UAV hyperspectral data, two UAV hyperspectral data processing methods, which combined Partial Least Squares Regression with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PLSR+NDVI) and Partial Least Squares Regression with Continuous Wavelet Transform (PLSR+CWT), were used to estimate the 10 canopy leaf functional traits of mangroves on Qi'ao Island. The results showed that the PLSR + NDVI method was more suitable for the inversion of mangrove canopy-specific leaf weight (LMA), phosphorus content per unit mass (Pmass), and nitrogen content per unit area (Narea), whereas the PLSR + CWT method was more suitable for the estimation of the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio (N/P), chlorophyll content (Cab), and carotenoid content (Cxc). However, the results of the above two methods for retrieving the nitrogen content per unit mass (Nmass), potassium content per unit mass (Kmass), phosphorus content per unit area (Parea), and potassium content per unit area (Karea) were not ideal (R2<0.3). The optimal method established in this study was used to estimate the contents of LMA, Pmass, Narea, N/P, Cab, and Cxc of the mangrove canopy leaves in the study area and map their spatial distribution. Mangrove canopy leaf functional traits obtained using UAV hyperspectral data inversion better reflect the horizontal structure and function of the mangrove community. Regarding the spatial distribution patterns of canopy leaf functional traits, the spatial distribution patterns of Narea, Cab, Cxc, and N/P were relatively consistent with higher values in the middle region and lower values in the edge region. The spatial distribution patterns of the LMA and Pmass were similar, and the distribution was relatively uniform throughout the study area. Combined with ground survey data, the internal relationship between species composition and spatial patterns of functional traits, as well as ecosystem functions and processes, can be deeply explored, and rapid investigation and assessment of mangrove forests can be realized at the community and ecosystem scales. The spatial distribution pattern of functional traits was closely related to the spatial distribution pattern of canopy structure and species. The inversion model of hyperspectral functional traits was constructed by separating mangrove species with different life types, which is expected to further improve the inversion accuracy of the model. Constructing a specific functional trait inversion model for each mangrove species, combined with the species identification results of visible-light images, will effectively improve the inversion accuracy of mangrove canopy leaf functional traits.

Elena Viktorovna Evenko Elena Viktorovna, Olga Anatolievna Glivenkova, Olga Nikolaevna Morozova

Blended learning model is based on cognitive load theory, which consists of three types: intrinsic, extraneous and germane and is connected to the working memory. Blended learning has recently become relevant. It is explained both by the need of the society for special technologies and forms of education, and by the development of new information technologies that makes it possible to consider the distance aspect of blended learning as a special autonomous technology with its own characteristics, standards and conceptual apparatus.The article analyzes the effects of blended learning model on the learner's cognitive load in order to solve the problem of cognitive overload. The purpose of the research is to establish the "knowledge-cognition" interaction process and to explore the control strategy of adequate cognitive load in the implementation of the blended learning model in connection with cognitive psychological processes.The method of theoretical analysis and pedagogical modeling has been used in the research. The foreign experience of using blended learning have been analyzed and pedagogical activity of the authors of the article has been reflected. The results show that the discrete knowledge can be transmitted to the learners through the structured knowledge presentation system after careful editing by an instructor-educator-designer, who affects the learning experience and the learning acquisition effect together with the digital educational environment and the learning task. It will become the mainstream direction of applied education and innovation in universities. Thus, a need for the emergence of a more flexible information educational environment is created, which allows students to gain knowledge anywhere, at any time and at their educational pace. At the same time, it is especially noted that the development of competencies of students only in distance learning format is more difficult than in the conditions of blended learning. Consequently, blended learning contributes to the development of student competencies due to a combination of various online technologie, which are aimed at the educational process.

Yang Li

We construct special Lagrangian pair of pants in general dimensions, inside the cotangent bundle of $T^n$ with the Euclidean structure.

Afrinia Lisditya Permatasari, Ika Afianita Suherningtyas, Erik Febriarta et al.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is currently being a concern in all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Yogyakarta Special Region, especially Sleman Regency, is a red zone, which is an area that has a very high transmission rate of Covid-19. Padukuhan Mancasan Kleben, is one of the hamlets located near the government center of Sleman Regency where community activity and mobility are quite high. There are many business buildings located along the main road. The purpose of this research is to analyze the vulnerability to transmission of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) based on building function using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) methods. Types of buildings as houses and store are identified using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) image. Types of buildings used as physical variables in the analysis. Based on the result, from total of 363 buildings, there are 35 buildings that have a high level of vulnerability and 328 buildings with low vulnerability. A low level of vulnerability is found in buildings that function as shophouse. Meanwhile, the low level of vulnerability is found in buildings used as houses and public facilities. This is because during the pandemic, several public facilities in Mancasan Kleben are not yet operational. Mitigation efforts that need to be implemented are increasing awareness of ourselves and the surrounding environment. The implementation of healthy living habits by implementing CITA MAS JAJAR, avoiding crowds and not traveling if it is not too important, can help prevent the transmission of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

E. A. Pogrebtsova

The problems of forming an enterprise development strategy and its relationship with the factors of the external and internal environment have been studied by many scientists. However, not enough attention has been paid to the essence of strategy formation at scientific enterprises. The article presents an interpretation of the concept of «enterprise strategy» taking into account the features of a scientific enterprise. Special attention is paid to the types of strategies of research and production enterprises. Using the example of an operating enterprise, the stages of forming a strategy based on the use of a system of balanced indicators are shown.

Constantinos A. Balaras

A collection of twelve papers published in <i>Energies</i>, in a Special Issue on “Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting”, was bound together and published in 2021, focusing on the built environment. The aim was to systematically collect and analyze relevant data for obtaining adequate knowledge on the energy use profile of buildings, and was extended for the sustainability assessment of the built environment. To date, all papers have been very well received, attaining a total of 97 citations and over 15,300 views. The papers addressed historic and various building types, baselines for non-residential buildings from energy performance audits and from in-situ measurements, monitoring and data analysis, assessment of indoor environmental quality, model calibration and verification of energy savings, along with an urban audit and rating method for assessing the sustainability of the built environment. Following on from the success of this Special Issue, the decision was made to reopen and extend it to include papers related to decarbonization and sustainability, at building, city, region, and national scales. This Editorial reviews the performance of the first Special Issue and outlines the second volume on Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting Towards Decarbonization and Sustainable Cities, as a Special Issue in <i>Energies</i>.

Jia Cui, Jiang Pan, Shunjiang Wang et al.

With the widespread use of distributed energy sources, the advantages of smart buildings over traditional buildings are becoming increasingly obvious. Subsequently, its energy optimal scheduling and multi-objective optimization have become more and more complex and need to be solved urgently. This paper presents a novel method to optimize energy utilization in smart buildings. Firstly, multiple transfer-retention ratio (TRR) parameters are added to the evaluation of distributed renewable energy. Secondly, the normal-boundary intersection (NBI) algorithm is improved by the adaptive weight sum, the adjust uniform axes method, and Mahalanobis distance to form the improved normal-boundary intersection (INBI) algorithm. The multi-objective optimization problem in smart buildings is solved by the parameter TRR and INBI algorithm to improve the regulation efficiency. In response to the needs of decision-makers with evaluation indicators, the average deviation is reduced by 60% compared with the previous case. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is superior to the existing technologies in terms of three optimization objectives. The objectives include 8.2% reduction in equipment costs, 7.6% reduction in power supply costs, and 1.6% improvement in occupants' comfort.

Jean-François Lafont, Lorenzo Ruffoni

We prove that the Gromov hyperbolic groups obtained by the strict hyperbolization procedure of Charney and Davis are virtually compact special, hence linear and residually finite. Our strategy consists in constructing an action of a hyperbolized group on a certain dual CAT(0) cubical complex. As a result, all the common applications of strict hyperbolization are shown to provide manifolds with virtually compact special fundamental group. In particular, we obtain examples of closed negatively curved Riemannian manifolds whose fundamental groups are linear and virtually algebraically fiber.

Kangyu Zhang, Kuan Lu, Xiaohui Gu et al.

In recent years, Tethered Space Systems (TSSs) have received significant attention in aerospace research as a result of their significant advantages: dexterousness, long life cycles and fuel-less engines. However, configurational conversion processes of tethered satellite formation systems in a complex space environment are essentially unstable. Due to their structural peculiarities and the special environment in outer space, TSS vibrations are easily produced. These types of vibrations are extremely harmful to spacecraft. Hence, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of systems based on a simplified rigid-rod tether model is analyzed in this paper. Two stability control laws for tether release rate and tether tension are proposed in order to control tether length variation. In addition, periodic stability of time-varying control systems after deployment is analyzed by using Floquet theory, and small parameter domains of systems in asymptotically stable states are obtained. Numerical simulations show that proposed tether tension controls can suppress in-plane and out-of-plane librations of rigid tethered satellites, while spacecraft and tether stability control goals can be achieved. Most importantly, this paper provides tether release rate and tether tension control laws for suppressing wide-ranging TSS vibrations that are valuable for improving TSS attitude control accuracy and performance, specifically for TSSs that are operating in low-eccentricity orbits.

mina Piran Heris, Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf

Introduction Children, as a significant part of the urban population, play a major role in the use of urban spaces. Nowadays, paying attention to this part of society has been considered by urban planners and stakeholders since the number of children in urban areas of the world is growing (Kiani and Esmailzadeh, 2012: 51). Children in urban areas have problems such as lack of safe, creative, and lively spaces, environmental pollution, high density of buildings, and lack of security and clearance. Besides, due to lifestyle changes in recent decades, children often live in small residential units, and have no option for entertainment except watching television, playing computer games, playing with siblings or neighbors’ children, and sometimes reading books in the dark or noisy space of the building (Shia, 1391: 44). These issues reduce the presence of children in the urban spaces, leading to serious damage in their growth and social development. Based on a common and widespread belief, the child is defined as a member of society who still does not have an effective role in social organization due to not being equipped with the social skills (Kermani and Ebrahimabadi, 2014: 7). Children have four growth dimensions: physical development, emotional development, cognitive development and social development (Nowruz and Nastaran quoted by Rice, 2014: 5). This study tried to deal more accurately with the issue of children's social development in urban spaces in the neighborhood scale along with the importance of other aspects of children's development. The neighborhood is the first scale of public space in which children experience life and extend their learnings to larger urban environments. Social development is related to the process of socializing a child for communicating with others, from family members to friends and peers. The presence of children in the public environment can have further benefits such as social understanding, the sense of trust, and mutual support (Tranter and Pawson, 2001). In the first step, this research tried to compile a guide for the design or renewal of neighborhoods that "social sense" can be promoted. Therefore, the main question of the research was: "Which characteristics of a neighborhood can promote the children's social sense?" In the second step, a neighborhood in Tabriz city (Rushdiyeh neighborhood) was selected to examine that guide. The current study aimed to develop a guide for designing child-friendly urban neighborhoods focusing on the sense of community development. Research methodology The methodology of this research, which was based on the paradigm of realism, deals with the objective characteristics of the environment to advance the goals of the research. Regarding the qualitative research method, questionnaire techniques, interviews (individual and group), and cognitive maps were used to extract more information. The statistical population included preschool children (5-7) and primary school children (7-12) and their parents in Rushdiyeh neighborhood. A total of 60 children and 25 parents were surveyed as a statistical sample from the neighborhood. The method of collecting information is documentary and field. In order to know the case sample, first, the required maps were prepared based on the subject and after a complete knowledge of the range, the case sample was analyzed. Then, based on the research problem and the points we obtained from the theoretical foundations, the knowledge and analysis of the scope, design, and presentation of the proposal was done. Finally, based on the findings and theoretical framework of the research, an urban design guideline was developed to strengthen the sense of community of children in the neighborhood. Discussion According to the theoretical foundations and studies of child development and child-friendly city, the concept of sense of community and the development of this concept for children, we summarized, concluded, and developed a framework for designing a child-friendly neighborhood based on the sense of community; We also tried to answer the research questions by recognizing and analyzing the case study. In the context of the child-friendly city, more has been done to meet the basic needs and rights of children and to keep their social and emotional development low. In modern cities, it has caused less interaction between residents and people by eliminating or reducing public spaces, and this in itself has reduced the sense of community among communities, which also applies to children. Children need to be part of the group and influence this group and establish a common emotional bond with them and try to meet the needs of the group. If they can experience social sense during this period, they will build a better society in the future, which will lower social norms in the future and strengthen the social and emotional development of children. In today's modern cities, children have little presence and interaction in the neighborhood and urban space, which in turn causes psychological and social harm to children, which may lead to various anomalies in the city community in the future. Children currently have to be with their parents to attend the neighborhood or city, and this allows parents to accompany their children only on holidays due to their busy schedules, and on other days of the week, children are either at home or in kindergarten. Also, they spend the day at school and have fewer games and social interactions at the neighborhood and city level. In this regard, the following fifteen principles were argued to create a child-friendly neighborhood for the development of the sense of community: Principle 1: In designing neighborhood spaces, informal spaces for the presence of children (alleys, streets, etc.) are as important as the designed formal spaces (for example, play spaces in parks). Principle 2: The design should be based on passive supervision to ensure the safety of children when in public. Principle 3: Children use the potential of any activity to engage in social interactions, so it is important to pay attention to all three types of activity (necessary, social, and selective). Principle 4: Public walkways in the neighborhood should be designed based on speed C (traffic calming) to provide the necessary safety for the presence of children. Principle 5: Designing special traffic lines that end in primary schools provides sufficient security for children to have personal access to school. Principle 6: Public spaces, especially alleys, provide physical flexibility for a variety of children's play. Principle 7: Children's play spaces should be combined with other spaces such as the elderly to sit to improve social sense by understanding other cycles of life. Principle 8: Design of retail activities in the special movement paths of children to schools. Principle 9: Combining children's spaces with green spaces. Principle 10: Design a neighborhood based on specific (implicit or obvious) edges to better understand boundaries. Principle 11: The existence of spaces in which children can interact with children in other neighborhoods through play. Principle 12: Designing a neighborhood center based on the scale of the child and the presence of the child in it as one of the basic neighborhoods for socialization. Principle 13: The existence of institutions such as libraries and cultural centers with appropriate functions for children in the neighborhood. Principle 14: Climatically protected play spaces for attendance at different times of the year. Principle 15: Organizational management of the neighborhood for greater participation of children in the neighborhood and matters related to their management. On the other hand, assuming the desired principles and based on different dimensions of child development, it is possible to provide a suitable urban design guide for the child-friendly neighborhood. Based on the fifteen principles and also the design guide, the necessary arrangements regarding Rushdiyeh neighborhood are as follows: 1. Creating a sidewalk and bicycle path for children on the way to school; 2. Equipping parks and green spaces to create official play spaces and their appropriate distribution in the neighborhood, as well as creating new parks such as adventure and intellectual parks; 3. Creating an excuse for children to be together, such as a wall for children to paint; 4. Planting plants in places built by children; 5. Creating a library for children; 6. Creating sports and cultural spaces; 7. Creating sports fields for group sports; 8. Placing urban furniture for children in spaces; 9. Adaptation of public spaces for the presence of children in them; 10. Increasing the education per capita in the area; 11. Locating small businesses near and along the school route.

Naveed Khan, Irshad Ahmad, Muhammad Safdar et al.

Nicolas Pastrian

We examine the surplus extraction problem in a mechanism design setting with behavioral types. In our model behavioral types always perfectly reveal their private information. We characterize the sufficient conditions that guarantee full extraction in a finite version of the reduced form environment of McAfee and Reny (1992). We found that the standard convex independence condition identified in Cremer and McLean (1988) is required only among the beliefs of strategic types, while a weaker condition is required for the beliefs of behavioral types.

Hua-Ming Wang

In this paper we study a 2-type linear-fractional branching process in varying environment with asymptotically constant mean matrices. Let $ν$ be the extinction time and for $k\ge1$ let $M_k$ be the mean matrix of offspring distribution of individuals of the $(k-1)$-th generation. Under certain conditions, we show that $P(ν=n)$ and $P(ν>n)$ are asymptotically equivalent to some functions of products of spectral radii of the mean matrices. This paper complements a former result [arXiv: 2007.07840] which requires in addition a condition $\forall k\ge1,\rm{det}(M_k)<-\varepsilon$ for some $\varepsilon>0.$ Such a condition excludes a large class of mean matrices. As byproducts, we also get some results on asymptotics of products of nonhomogeneous matrices which have their own interests.