Ayoninuoluwa Oluwadare, Busola Dorcas Akintayo, Olubayo Moses Babatunde
et al.
<i>Background</i>: Healthcare 4.0 has transformed supply chain management in the healthcare sector, but there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks to evaluate the impact of Healthcare 4.0 technologies on sector operations, particularly in developing countries. <i>Methods</i>: This study introduces a multi-criteria framework that synergically combines the techno-economic implications of Healthcare 4.0 technologies to improve healthcare supply chain management. The proposed approach innovatively integrates fuzzy VIKOR and Entropy methods to handle data vagueness and uncertainty, using data collected from healthcare supply chain specialists in Lagos, Nigeria. <i>Results</i>: The developed framework identifies the most and least critical technical and economic parameters for Healthcare 4.0 implementation in healthcare supply chain management. It also determines the suitability of different Healthcare 4.0 technologies for supply chain management in the healthcare sector. <i>Conclusions</i>: The main innovation of this study lies in the development of a comprehensive and context-specific framework for evaluating Healthcare 4.0 technologies in healthcare supply chains. The framework offers a new perspective on technology evaluation and provides practical insights for decision-makers. The findings contribute to advancing knowledge and practice in this field, promoting the proper adoption of Healthcare 4.0 technologies in healthcare, particularly in developing countries.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zidentyfikowanie problemów prawnych związanych z obowiązkiem raportowania zrównoważonego rozwoju, które wynikają z unormowań zawartych w aktach prawnych Unii Europejskiej w zestawieniu z ograniczeniem prawa do informacji o środowisku i jego ochronie na podstawie przepisów krajowych. Omówiono treść obowiązku raportowania, wskazano, które podmioty mu podlegają, oraz streszczono generalne zasady sprawozdawczości zgodnie z dyrektywą CSRD. Następnie przeanalizowano prawo do informacji o środowisku i jego ochronie pod kątem zakresu przedmiotowego i podmiotowego, odwołując się do Konstytucji RP, a także do ustawy o udostępnianiu informacji o środowisku i jego ochronie, udziale społeczeństwa w ochronie środowiska oraz o ocenach oddziaływania na środowisko.
W tym kontekście odpowiedziano na pytanie o wpływ ograniczenia prawa do informacji o środowisku i jego ochronie na realizację obowiązku raportowania dotyczącego zrównoważonego rozwoju.
Environmental law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
La inteligencia artificial es una herramienta que cada vez se encuentra más presente en el desarrollo de las actividades cotidianas realizadas por los seres humanos, en esta medida, se busca aplicarla en diferentes sectores como lo es el campo del derecho, principalmente en lo relacionado con las decisiones judiciales. Es de esta forma que se generan innumerables cuestionamientos sobre la posible articulación entre el derecho y la inteligencia artificial que van dirigidas a determinar si dicha convergencia genera utilidad, si es factible y las posibles consecuencias de su implementación. La innovación legal es un destino al cual se debe llegar, pero es necesario abordar ciertos desafíos que surgen como producto de la evolución y el desarrollo.
Public law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
Particularmente en el siglo XXI, las nuevas tecnologías han facilitado la innovación en los servicios financieros. Para promover marcos regulatorios que fomenten la innovación, varios países de América Latina han creado sandboxes, es decir, espacios regulatorios de prueba para la experimentación. En términos legales, esos espacios son autorizaciones limitadas que permiten ofrecer servicios de tecnología financiera innovadora y experimental, mientras los reguladores y las firmas financieras aprenden y prueban esos nuevos servicios. Sin embargo, esos espacios se implementan a través del filtro de las instituciones del Derecho Administrativo, lo que no favorece la innovación y la experimentación. Por tanto, es necesario crear nuevas instituciones que, a partir de la complementariedad entre los sectores público y privado, fomenten la experimentación y la innovación.
Public law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
Actions such as the publication of the mass killing of journalists and the arrest of a large number of nationals of countries joining terrorist organizations and groups confirm the growing spread of ideas and recruitment of human resources in social media by terrorists. The proliferation of terrorist organizations using social media creates new challenges for online platforms, policymakers, and governments. Additionally, the popularity of social media around the world provides a huge potential audience for framing terrorist action. Unfortunately, due to the non-cooperation of the governments, control measures and police surveillance of the Internet and consequently virtual social media have failed. Therefore, the use of social media by terrorist groups is a new challenge for anti-terrorist mechanisms. Therefore, to deal with and prevent terrorist crimes in cyberspace in the form of social networks, it is necessary for international organizations, especially the United Nations and affiliated institutions, while making legal policies, to call on governments to support this matter so that the possibility of violating international peace and security. Due to the movements of terrorist groups in social networks are suppressed and pursued through international forums
Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law, Islamic law
Road freight is a main mode of transportation in the logistics system, and its operation substantially depends on the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) trucks. One of the places, where trucks drivers spend hours in the long-haul route, is the parking lot. As a result, the safety matter in truck parking lots is important to the efficient performance of trucks in the system, especially during the night time. The enough amount of light significantly contributes to the safety of both drivers and pedestrians in the parking lots. This research focused on the optimal design of lighting installation in the target truck parking lot. The first stage of this study was the survey of the available truck parking lots, and the layout of the selected lot was used as the input of the simulation program. Afterwards, DIALux software was used to simulate the luminance for the chosen layout. To carry out the empirical study, a statistical design method, 2k full factorial design, was utilised to determine the relationship between design parameters and two responses, average luminance (Lav) and overall uniformity ratio (Uo). The design parameters were categorized into three groups, luminaire (LED wattage), the placement of pole (spacing, height, boom angle, and overhang), and pavement reflectance (average luminance factor or Q0). The analysis results showed that all designed parameters had a significant effect on Lav. There were also effects from two interactions, height*Q0 and boom angle*Q0. Moreover, Uo was considerably influenced by all parameters except wattage. Another important finding was that the following setting, spacing (low) and Q0 (high), should lead to the maximization of Lav and Uo. Finally, the validation stage was carried out by applying the optimal setting with the lighting design on a different truck parking layout. The empirical and validation results signified that the setting of design parameters for the highest Lav also led to the acceptable level of Uo as well. In practice, the research results can assist lighting designers to improve the design of a lighting system, so it would provide the adequate amount of light for truck parking lots.
<i>Background:</i> The ramifications of climate change are rampant: All stakeholders must act effectively and swiftly. Unsustainable and increased urbanization adds additional strain on combatting environmental degradation. Since the last decade, urban distribution centers (UDCs) have emerged in response to the steep rise in urban freight transportation and its negative impact on city congestion and air quality. <i>Methods:</i> In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of the performance of UDCs and investigate its alignment with the corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, including the shareholders’ governance strategies and policies, as well as environmental, social, and economic measures. Our systematic literature review consists of multiple phases: In the first one, we utilize bibliometric tools to implement a quantitative analysis of the extant literature. Next, a cluster-based network analysis complements this analysis to describe the evolution of research in this area. <i>Results</i>: Our descriptive analysis categorizes existing research on UDCs based on CG- and CSR-compliant themes. We classify pertinent peer-reviewed articles into topical clusters and offer research opportunities related to improving the performance of UDCs. <i>Conclusions:</i> This study aims to stimulate further scholarly inquiry into sustainable city logistics and provides a knowledge-based guide for academicians and practitioners, logistics service providers, policymakers, and customers.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Sotiris P. Gayialis, Evripidis P. Kechagias, Grigorios D. Konstantakopoulos
et al.
<i>Background:</i> Reverse supply chains of machinery and equipment face significant challenges, and overcoming them is critical for effective customer service and sustainable operation. Maintenance and repair services, strongly associated with the reverse movement of equipment, are among the most demanding reverse supply chain operations. Equipment is scattered in various locations, and multiple suppliers are involved in its maintenance, making it challenging to manage the related reverse supply chain operations. Effective maintenance is essential for businesses-owners of the equipment, as reducing costs while improving service quality helps them gain a competitive advantage. <i>Methods:</i> To enhance reverse supply chain operations related to equipment maintenance, this paper presents the operational framework, the methodological approach, and the architecture for developing a system that covers the needs for predictive maintenance in the service supply chain. It is based on Industry 4.0 technologies, such as the Internet of things, machine learning, and cloud computing. <i>Results:</i> As a result of the successful implementation of the system, effective equipment maintenance and service supply chain management is achieved supporting the reverse supply chain. <i>Conclusions:</i> This will eventually lead to fewer good-conditioned spare part replacements, just in time replacements, extended equipment life cycles, and fewer unnecessary disposals.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Muthalagu Raja, Bolimera Anudeep Sekhar, Duseja Dhruv
et al.
The main objective of this work is to develop a perception algorithm for self-driving cars which is based on pure vision data or camera data. The work is divided into two major parts. In part one of the work, we develop a powerful and robust lane detection algorithm which can determine the safely drive-able region in front of the car. In part two we develop and end to end driving model based on CNNs to learn from the drivers driving data and can drive the car with only the camera data from on-board cameras. Performance of the proposed system is observed by the implementation of the autonomous car that can be able to detect and classify the stop signs and other vehicles.
Although it takes the equality of states as an international principle, the international system is an unequal system in which power is essential. Unilateral sanctions, such as those of the United States government that violates international law, are examples of this inequality. Governments are always looking for ways to bypass these unjust sanctions. The formation of cryptocurrencies as a means of facilitating financial transfers beyond the control of regulators raises the question of whether the specific features of this means could also serve as a means of bypassing sanctions. And will cryptocurrencies be able to end the United States dollar’s dominance of international trade? In response, while such a capability exists in theory, and blockchain technology and cryptocurrency, as one of its essential products, can transact financially away from the dominance of the global economic system, this does not imply that the technology has the full potential to bypass the global financial system. Because the application of this technology in bilateral state interactions necessitates political will, and only a few countries worldwide have embraced this.
Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law, Islamic law
The article is devoted to the problem of “binding” with the content of decisions on environmental conditions. It specifies not only the environmental conditions for the implementation of the project, but also other obligations in the field of environmental protection.
Environmental law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
In the article, a new phenomenon of global logistification provides a context for presenting the newest trends in the development of HR management and its role in logistics. The new trends include a growing internationalization of firms, combined flows of capital, people and technical knowledge, and the issue of key logistics competences. Against this background, the article describes a new model of the HR management function in logistics. The aim is to find the relationship between designing and delivering the personnel function in a firm and the effectiveness of logistics management. The key aspects of the personnel function management include talent and competencies management, personnel risk management, and employer branding. These HR practices are explored to determine attributes of the personnel function, and to describe challenges of the proactive human resource management in logistics. The article continues with a presentation of the results of empirical studies conducted in the period 2017–2018 of 236 large, medium-sized, and small Polish firms. As the primary methods, the research used a diagnostic survey, a questionnaire, and the statistical method of factor analysis. The second part of the article presents an original model of the personnel function in logistics management, with regard to the specificity of Polish firms. The findings based on the study results refer to both the present and future status of HR management in logistics. The main findings of the studies acknowledge the influence of all-embracing logistification on the volumes and structure of knowledge transfer in supply chains, and reveal a growing decentralization of HR management in large and medium-sized companies, resulting in an imbalance between the levels of personnel function implementation in large and medium-sized companies, compared with small firms.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Due to globalization, more and more freight are transported across the globe annually. The greater the modal share of railways the lesser would be the carbon footprint because of inherent sustainable characteristics of railway transportation. However, transporting freight by railways along corridors that span through continents is not easy and requires close coordination and collaboration between many countries. In these cases, overall performance of the corridor would be limited by bottlenecks. In this paper we develop two mathematical models that are based on data envelopment analysis which can measure relative efficiency of railways in different countries along a corridor. The newly proposed One-belt One-Road initiative is chosen as the case study. The models rank performance of railways in this route by considering the facilities they have (length of railway lines and number of freight wagons), main economic drive for transporting freight (GDP) and the quality of their logistic to transport railway freight (measured by tonne-km).
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) were introduced as a means to more efficiently reuse the licensed radio frequency spectrum. One of their salient features is the ability of unlicensed nodes to dynamically adapt their radio parameters according to their needs. This paper investigates the resource allocation problem in CRN by jointly considering power control and bandwidth for a set of secondary users (SU) transmitting simultaneously with a set of licensed users (PU), which transmissions must remain unaltered. The proposed allocation scheme is based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) where the chromosome's genes represent the reconfigurable interface radio parameters, by defining genetic operations the GA is empowered to find a set of radio parameters that maximize the overall network capacity and under the physical interference model enforced to the transmissions of both PU’s and SU’s. The numerical results illustrate the prominent effect of adjusting jointly multiple radio parameters on the network capacity.
The Russian market of logistics services suffered substantial losses during recent economic recession. Decrease in import from the EU and the USA, reduction of consumer spending within the country, increased borrowing costs led to sharp reduction in the growth rate of the investigated market value. Shortage of the modern infrastructure, fragmentation and imbalance of the Russian logistics market have contributed badly. This article focuses on identification of the promising strategic development directions for logistics service providers operating on the Russian market. On the basis of literature survey, the authors derive attractive client groups for 3PL operators, priority regions for geographical expansion as well as high-demand logistics and related services. The results of this survey could help logistics agents to define or clarify their market positioning and serve as a basis for further study of specific features in logistics outsourcing development in Russia.