Hasil untuk "Psychology"

L. Sroufe, M. Rutter

S. Cross, E. Hardin, Berna Gerçek-Swing

Mahmad bin Muhammad Rafiʿ

تروم هذه الدراسة وصف وتحليل إشكال ثنائيّة العمل السياسي والعمل الدعوي في فكر أبو سليمان؛ من أجل معرفة ما قدمه من تفاصيل نظرية وعملية لهذه الثنائية، وقد تضمنت هذه الدراسة بيان الأصول والمفاهيم التي يتأسس عليها النسق المعرفي الناظم لفكر أبو سليمان، ومنه مفهوم العمل السياسي والدعوي، كما تضمنت الدراسة الأصول النظرية التي بنى عليها أبو سليمان مقاربته لهذه الثنائية: من تأصيل وتأريخ؛ لمعرفة ما طرأ عليها من تحولات، والصورة التي آلت إليها في السياق المعاصر، ثم ختمت الدراسة باستعراض تحليلي للحلول الإجرائية التي قدمها أبو سليمان في حل معضلة العلاقة بين العمل السياسي والدعوي، يمكن إجماله في الفصل الوظيفي الدستوري بين العملين؛ على قاعدة التكامل والاستقلال؛ من أجل سد ذريعة احتكار السلطة السياسية للمؤسّسات الدعوية والتربوية وغيرها.

ehsan golestani, Akbar Atadokht, Niloofar Mikaeili et al.

This study designed an educational board game and investigated its effectiveness on the symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The population included 40 children aged seven to nine years in Baharestan County, Tehran Province in 2023 and selected by purposeful sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups randomly. The educational game was employed for 10 sessions in the experimental group. The instruments included the SNAP-IV questionnaire and diagnostic interview. Data was analyzed using repeated measures variance test in SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the educational board game had a significant effect on reducing children's hyperactivity symptoms and there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Also, these effects remained stable in the follow-up phase.​​​​​​​​​ According to the findings, it can be generally concluded that game therapy, including physical games and cognitive games such as educational board games, can be used alongside first-line treatments as a complement or as an independent intervention for these children.

George C. Lowe, George C. Lowe, George C. Lowe et al.

IntroductionPlayer profiling is fundamental to effective talent identification and development strategies. However, whilst anthropometric and physiological profiling is customary practice, effective evaluation of technical and tactical skills in team sports has arguable been overlooked, largely due to a lack of suitable measurement tools. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a novel observational instrument for assessing technical and tactical skills in rugby union.MethodsThe Bangor Rugby Assessment Tool (BRAT) was developed via the following three stages: (1) completion of a targeted literature search and expert focus group to inform initial item content; (2) Bayesian structural equation modelling (BSEM) to examine instrument factor structure; and (3) establishment of instrument reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsResults demonstrate excellent model fit (PPP = 0.511) and strong validity for both the technical and tactical factors. ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent, demonstrating good reliability (0.79).DiscussionThe assessment tool offers a valid and reliable measure of technical and tactical aptitude within rugby union, whilst maintaining the requisite practical utility valued by practitioners.

Jie Liu, Hong Zheng, Lu Lu et al.

Background: Doctor-patient conflict is trending in social attention research. However, the existing literature rarely explores whether a patient's hostile attribution bias (HAB) in the doctor-patient interaction affects the aggression level against doctors. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship and mechanism between different types of HAB and aggression in patients. Method: In Study 1, 80 patients completed the word sentence association paradigm for hostility (WSAP-Hostility), and their explicit and implicit aggression levels were measured using the hot sauce paradigm and the single-category implicit association test (SC-IAT), respectively. In Study 2, 63 patients were randomly divided into an experimental (rejection) and a control group. Their state hostile attribution bias (SHAB) was activated through social rejection materials. They completed the SHAB questionnaire and anger expression inventory, and their explicit and implicit aggression levels were measured as in Study 1. Results: In both studies, results indicated that patients' trait and state HAB were significantly related to explicit aggression but not implicit aggression. Hostile interpretation positively predicted explicit aggression, whereas benign interpretation had a negative predictive effect on explicit aggression. Patients’ anger played a mediating role between SHAB and explicit aggression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients' HAB affects explicit aggression toward doctors and anger plays a mediating role.

Nur Fadlina binti Ibrahim, Juwaini Juwaini, Furqan Furqan et al.

Haji Ahmad Laksamana, a controversial figure known through his work “Hakikat Insan”, is often considered deviant from traditional Islamic teachings, particularly regarding the use of Sharia and Tariqa as well as interpretations of the Quran. This article aims to describe the thoughts and Quranic interpretation methodology of Haji Ahmad Laksamana. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature analysis approach. The primary source is the text “Hakikat Insan,” supplemented by various secondary sources, including journals and relevant books. The study finds that Haji Ahmad Laksamana's teachings emphasize the recognition of the essence of knowledge to achieve the level of Insan Kamil Mukamil. His thoughts, reflected in discussions about the relationship between humans and Allah, the dignity of the soul, the essence of the testimony of faith, as well as concepts of Islam, faith, monotheism, and gnosis, demonstrate a unique approach. However, his interpretation method, such as translating Quranic verses into symbols, has sparked controversy and is considered deviant from traditional Islamic understanding. Haji Ahmad Laksamana's controversial ideas are viewed as contradictory to Islamic teachings, diminishing the honor of the Quran and Hadith. Abstrak Haji Ahmad Laksamana, seorang figur kontroversial yang dikenal melalui karyanya “Hakikat Insan”  sering kali dianggap menyimpang dari ajaran Islam tradisional, terutama dalam hal penggunaan syariat dan tarekat serta penafsiran Al-Quran. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang pemikiran, dan metodologi penafsiran Al-Quran Haji Ahmad Laksamana.  Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis kepustakaan. Sumber utama adalah teks “Hakikat Insan” serta berbagai sumber sekunder termasuk jurnal dan buku yang relevan. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa ajaran Haji Ahmad Laksamana menitikberatkan pada pengenalan ilmu hakikat untuk mencapai tingkat Insan Kamil Mukamil. Pemikirannya yang tertuang dalam pembahasan mengenai hubungan manusia dengan Allah, martabat nafsu, hakikat syahadat, serta konsep Islam, iman, tauhid, dan makrifat, menunjukkan pendekatan yang unik. Namun, metode interpretasinya, seperti penerjemahan ayat Al-Quran ke dalam simbol, telah menimbulkan kontroversi dan dianggap menyimpang dari pemahaman Islam tradisional. Pemikiran Haji Ahmad Laksamana yang kontroversial dianggap bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam dan mengurangi kehormatan Al-Quran dan hadis.

Ilham habibi Sormin, Muhammad Dalimunthe , Syahrul Abidin

The development of the film world is very diverse and produces films with various styles. Broadly speaking, films can be grouped by story, making orientation, and by genre. This study aims to determine the representation of feminism contained in the science fiction film entitled Level 16. This study uses a qualitative method with the semiotic analysis technique of Ferdinand De Saussure's model which examines the signs in life. Through this method, several scenes are selected in the level 16 film, then these scenes are revealed into denotative and connotative meanings and then interpreted in signifier and signified. In this study, the researcher found ten scenes that presented feminism in level 16 films.

Oliphant Vanessa Nicole, Broyles Deja, Clement Déjà N. et al.

There is currently a gap in the literature that explicitly connects Black feminist thought with psychological theory, research, or intervention. This article review aims to assist in filling the gap and inspire scholars to actively utilize the knowledge of Black feminism and apply it to culturally specific mental health resources for Black women. There is a need for a new generation of Black feminists to intentionally center Black women’s mental health in psychological research and therapeutic practices. Black women’s mental health is an important part of Black feminism, and accordingly psychological theory, research, and intervention should actively incorporate Black feminist thought. This article seeks to call attention to specific ways Black women can preserve and strengthen their mental health and maintain resiliency. Specifically, this review highlights three Black feminist-informed strategies that can aid in supporting Black women’s mental health: practicing essential/critical affirmations, raising Black consciousness, and intentional self-definition.

Álvaro Darriba, Yi-Fang Hsu, Sandrien Van Ommen et al.

Abstract We inhabit a continuously changing world, where the ability to anticipate future states of the environment is critical for adaptation. Anticipation can be achieved by learning about the causal or temporal relationship between sensory events, as well as by learning to act on the environment to produce an intended effect. Together, sensory-based and intention-based predictions provide the flexibility needed to successfully adapt. Yet it is currently unknown whether the two sources of information are processed independently to form separate predictions, or are combined into a common prediction. To investigate this, we ran an experiment in which the final tone of two possible four-tone sequences could be predicted from the preceding tones in the sequence and/or from the participants’ intention to trigger that final tone. This tone could be congruent with both sensory-based and intention-based predictions, incongruent with both, or congruent with one while incongruent with the other. Trials where predictions were incongruent with each other yielded similar prediction error responses irrespectively of the violated prediction, indicating that both predictions were formulated and coexisted simultaneously. The violation of intention-based predictions yielded late additional error responses, suggesting that those violations underwent further differential processing which the violations of sensory-based predictions did not receive.

Jesse A. Mendoza, Christopher K. Lafferty, Angela K. Yang et al.

Summary: Cue-evoked midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron activity reflects expected value, but its influence on reward assessment is unclear. In mice performing a trial-based operant task, we test if bidirectional manipulations of cue or operant-associated DA neuron activity drive learning as a result of under- or overexpectation of reward value. We target optogenetic manipulations to different components of forced trials, when only one lever is presented, and assess lever biases on choice trials in the absence of photomanipulation. Although lever biases are demonstrated to be flexible and sensitive to changes in expected value, augmentation of cue or operant-associated DA signaling does not significantly alter choice behavior, and blunting DA signaling during any component of the forced trials reduces choice trial responses on the associated lever. These data suggest cue-evoked DA helps maintain cue-value associations but does not encode expected value as to set the benchmark against which received reward is judged. : Although reward-predictive cues increase midbrain dopamine neuron activity in proportion to the expected value of the anticipated reward, Mendoza et al. demonstrate that cue-evoked dopamine does not prospectively encode expected value as to influence reward assessment. Rather, cue-evoked dopamine is important for the maintenance of cue-value associations. Keywords: dopamine, ventral tegmental area, expected value, reinforcement learning, reward prediction error, overexpectation, motivation, optogenetics, calcium imaging

Paulo Roberto de Carvalho, Sonia Regina Vargas Mansano

Diversos foram os documentos elaborados por ocasião das conferências nacionais e internacionais sobre o meio ambiente. Parte desses documentos serviu como referência para que nações elaborassem políticas públicas de proteção e fiscalização ambiental. Entretanto, os resultados dessa produção documental ainda deixam muito a desejar diante dos índices que medem o avanço predatório de exploração da natureza em escala mundial. O objetivo do presente estudo teórico e documental consiste em analisar documentos elaborados em conferências internacionais sobre meio ambiente e seus desdobramentos na vida das cidades, com enfoque na problemática da subjetividade e, mais especificamente, do desejo. Na parte teórica, investiga-se a noção de sustentabilidade, mostrando que a preocupação com a natureza envolve as relações entre a população e as cidades. Na parte documental, são analisados fragmentos do documento chamado Agenda 21 no que se refere especificamente à conexão entre sustentabilidade, espaço urbano e mobilização social. Como resultado, constata-se o quanto as cidades estão diante do desafio de construir modos de vida sustentáveis que tem seu maior diferencial nas relações sociais e afetivas. Portanto, a mobilização coletiva e desejante das populações voltada para a preservação ecológica converte-se em um desafio a ser enfrentado também pela Psicologia.

E. Stotland

Lincoln Harvey

Oslanjajući se ponajprije na nauk o stvaranju ‘ex nihilo’, najprije ćemo identificirati kontingentnu narav bića tvrdnjom da se najbolje shvaćamo kao ‘igračke’, kao oni koji su pozvani na blagdanski oblik življenja i na bogoštovlje. Zatim ćemo, analizom naravi natjecateljskog sporta, doći do toga kako je sport najbolje shvatiti poput liturgijskog slavlja koje opisuje naše življenje ukazujući na ne-ozbiljnu narav našega bića.

Lee Mackinnon, Nanna Bonde Thylstrup, Kristin Veel

P. Baltes, H. Reese, L. Lipsitt

Michael Argyle

Allan P. Mccalister

T. Kratochwill, S. Elliott, M. Gettinger

M. Amin Syukur, Abdul Muhaya

This study aims at elaborating the relationship between Sufism and economics. It shows that Sufism does not totally abstain from getting in touch with worldly issues. Furthermore, it attempts to develop the thesis of Webber – that religion motivates its adherents to improve work ethics and economic development– into Sufism. The method bases on grounded research by qualitative approach. It employs constant analysis. This research involved three Pesantrens; a) Pesantren Suryalaya West Java; b) Pesantren Darul Ulum Jombang East Java; and, c) Pesantren Futuhiyah Mranggen Demak, Central Java, as representatives of the economic movements of Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah Sufi orders (TQN) in Java. The findings confirm that the economicmovement in TQN is dynamic for it depends on teachers’ views. The strongest economic Movement is TQN of Pesantren Suryalaya, followed by TQN of Pesantren Darul Ulum Jombang. The strength of economic activity at TQN of Futuhiyah Mranggen is not that obvious.