Indonesia menghadapi tantangan keamanan siber yang serius karena sistem data terpusatnya yang rentan terhadap serangan. Teknologi blockchain menawarkan solusi potensial melalui arsitekturnya yang terdesentralisasi, tidak dapat diubah, dan transparan. Studi ini meneliti kesiapan adopsi blockchain di Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para ahli yang dipilih secara purposif dari pemerintah, akademisi, dan organisasi non-pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan mendasar bukanlah masalah teknis. Secara hukum, sifat blockchain yang tidak dapat diubah bertentangan dengan hak warga negara untuk menghapus data pribadi, sementara dari segi kebijakan, prinsip desentralisasi tidak konsisten dengan mandat pemerintah untuk sentralisasi data. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hambatan utama bukanlah masalah teknis, melainkan kurangnya kemauan politik, resistensi birokrasi, dan kendala anggaran. Oleh karena itu, solusi paling realistis untuk Indonesia adalah implementasi model blockchain berizin (permissioned blockchain). Model ini harus dirancang dengan prinsip privasi sejak awal (privacy-by-design) dan harus sesuai dengan standar keamanan siber nasional agar dapat diimplementasikan di tengah tantangan hukum dan kebijakan yang ada.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
This paper examines the adaptive strategies of early-stage startups in the face of market uncertainty. The purpose of the study is to understand the predominant and missing elements of adaptive strategies that startups use. At the hypothesis level, it is hypothesized that under conditions of high market uncertainty, early-stage startups focus more on team, resource, and customer relations than on building a development strategy, which may limit their growth. Using a survey assessed on a Likert scale, quantitative data was collected from Russian founders and CEOs of early-stage startups founded from 2019 to February 2022. The results indicate low to moderate adaptability in strategic planning and innovation. The high importance of elements related to customer engagement and innovation suggests that startups increasingly recognize the value of customer knowledge and technological advances in shaping their products, services, and business models in general. The findings confirm both certain strengths in the strategies of early-stage startups and areas that require attention. The results of this study provide a framework for startups to analyze and adjust their strategies to help them face the challenges and seize the opportunities of dynamic markets. Startups are offered practical advice on how to improve the weak elements in their strategies to ensure sustainable growth in the face of competition and changing markets.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
The article aims to understand, analyze, and explain the evolution of the understanding of public administration from the perspectives of political science, management and law. The paper begins to study public administration from its classical type, where three perspectives of it are studied synthetically, as well as its potential as an independent administrative science. The article answers why and how the field is considered, even at the level of defining the concept of public administration and how it differs from management, law and political science. Additionally, the work demonstrates the visions expressed by such authors as Max Weber, Woodrow Wilson, Frank Goodnow, Leonard White, Herbert A. Simon, Luther Gulick and Dwight Waldo.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Public law
AbstractPolicy support matters for the success of public policies. It is still unclear how governments can garner support for policies with high costs. Using a conjoint experiment in China, we demonstrate that governments can encourage policy support by offering institutional services and material interests to policy targets. In particular, citizens become more willing to support policies when governments timely disclose policy information and respond to and incorporate their voices in the policy design. Government subsidies in both the short and long runs also increase citizens' policy support. In addition, government transparency and long‐run subsidies are complementary to enhancing policy support; the role of institutions is strengthened when citizens are exposed to severe policy problems.
The dynamics of municipal annexation remain understudied, with no definitive conclusions on the various components that lead a city to succeed or fail in expanding its borders. This case study advances understanding by examining three Texas cities in the period after the state began to impose restrictions (1999) but prior to the effective end of unilateral annexation authority in 2017. Results provide an in-depth explanation of local conditions that may trigger disparate outcomes within a consistent state context. Key factors that exerted varying effects in Austin, Houston, and San Antonio included political structure, ability to negotiate with special districts, and the economics of service extension. In each case, the role of residents opposed to incorporation into the neighboring city played a significant role, both directly and in shaping the impact of other factors.
With the approach of the Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022, the ski tourism market in mainland China is gradually heating up. As an important node city of the Silk Road Economic Belt, Urumqi is vigorously developing winter tourism to enhance its image as an urban tourism spot. In this study, visitors to the Urumqi Silk Road International Ski Resort during the winter were taken as the research object, and a quantitative study was carried out using a questionnaire survey. 278 questionnaires were recovered. A model of tourism motivation, satisfaction and revisit intention based on the push-pull factor was constructed, and the relationship among the three was verified by structural equation modelling. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and can reference suggestions for the development of ski tourism in destination cities and the strategic marketing of ski resorts.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
<p>This paper focuses on an old but still discussed postulate, the Khaldûn-Laffer curve, and empirically applies it to personal income tax by using annual time-series data of Turkey for the period 1970-2015. From our analysis, two fundamental findings emerge: first, Turkish data provides evidence in favor of the Khaldûn-Laffer curve, suggesting that there is a non-linearity between tax rates and tax revenue. Second, the optimal tax rate that maximizes revenue from personal income tax is 15.03% against the current rate we estimate at 15.37%. These findings imply that Turkey’s current personal income tax rate falls slightly into the prohibitive range of the curve.<br />Overall, it is safe to argue that the current personal income tax rate should be lowered to its optimal value to maximize the revenue from personal income taxation. If done so, the Turkish fiscal authorities would be able to generate more revenue with a relatively lower tax rate.</p>
Political institutions and public administration (General)
O presente artigo tem como objetivo a avaliação das professoras de Educação Infantil do município de Uberlândia-MG acerca das políticas públicas educacionais, para tanto buscou-se essa compreensão a partir dos depoimentos das mesmas baseado em suas vivências e concepções acerca da realidade de suas condições de trabalho e o entrelaçamento dessa com a legislação nacional e municipal, e os documentos oficiais municipais. As categorias de análise levantadas pelas professoras foram: salário, mudanças de gestão municipal, avaliação de desempenho, Plano de Carreira. Destaca-se a importância da legislação nacional e municipal na busca por melhores condições de trabalho das professoras da Educação Infantil.
AbstractDo policies protecting women's rights correspond with norm change at the state level or the level of international institutions? We examine this question, comparing domestic and international institutional activity in correlation with reproductive health policy change, specifically, abortion access policy. At the domestic level, we examine female legislators and policies set to encourage gender equality, namely, electoral gender quotas. In the international arena, our theory distinguishes regional from international inter‐governmental bodies. Original data with measurement innovations introduced here—including the Comparative Abortion Policy Index (CAPI1 and CAPI2)—are analysed for over 150 countries for close to two decades. We find a heretofore‐overlooked relationship between international entities and reproductive health. Gender quotas, however, do not correspond with the general association between female representation and pro‐women policy. When researchers and policy‐makers consider gender quotas to promote women's rights, they may be advised to encourage female political participation through more organic means.
AbstractState governments are frequently said to manipulate the discount rate assumption to make pension funding look better, reduce employers' and employees' pension contributions, or relieve fiscal stress. Building a model from the political embeddedness perspective and applying an event history analysis to the 81 largest state‐administered pension plans in the United States, the authors found that more politically embedded pension boards were actually more likely to reduce their plan's discount rate. Public union coverage and government political ideology, however, had no significant impact on discount rate changes. These findings reveal the effect of political embeddedness on pension planning decisions and provide useful insights into the intricate process of setting pension discount rates in a new era of more muted investment return expectations. This article points to both political and financial pressures facing pension boards and state governments for many years to come.
En este trabajo analizamos la Sentencia del TC 151/2017, que da un paso adelante en la configuración de los derechos que corresponden a los concejales no adscritos, inherentes al art. 23.2 CE. En particular, nos referimos al derecho a la participación en la actividad de control del gobierno local cuando se trata de presentar una moción de censura contra el Alcalde. De esta manera, el TC reconoce la aplicación del citado derecho a todos los concejales, eliminando el quorum reforzado exigido por el art. 197.1 letra a) párrafo 3 LOREG a los concejales no adscritos, sin diferenciar las circunstancias ni los objetivos, no necesariamente fraudulentos, que pudieron llevar a esa desvinculación y declarando su nulidad.
Political science, Political institutions and public administration (General)
Considered the greatest product of the Brazilian Cultural Industry the soap opera is a fundamental mechanism to understanding the relationship between the market logic of the mass media and cultural and popular practices. Undeniable reinforcements of hegemonic thought pass through the soap opera, but something more transits there, a way of reading and popular appropriation that uses it as a vehicle for new symbolic practices and attribution of meaning that permeate the relations of power always intended - between dominators and dominated.
Political science, Political institutions and public administration (General)
This article examines the democratic impact of the UK coalition government's Transparency Agenda, focusing on the publication of all local government spending over £500 by councils in England. It looks at whether the new data have driven increased democratic accountability, public participation, and information transmission. The evidence suggests that the local government spending data have driven some accountability. However, rather than forging new ‘performance regimes’, creating ‘armchair auditors’, or bringing mass use and involvement, the publication creates a further element of political disruption. Assessment of the use and impact of the new spending data finds it is more complex, more unpredictable, and more political than the rhetoric around Open Data indicates. The danger is that the gap between aims and impact invites disappointment from supporters.
AbstractThis article examines levels of policing services, focusing on an assessment of resources and their measurement for municipalities. Two measures of policing levels assess the reliability of the findings across alternative measurements. Social and institutional characteristics are explored to evaluate alternative explanations in policing efforts. The article presents four decades of census data for municipalities in metropolitan areas. The central finding is that unequal levels of policing are prevalent across American municipalities. An additional finding is that social and institutional contexts affect policing, based on a pooled time‐series analysis of municipal governments. Although its main contribution is to local public economies research, the research also integrates the social and institutional literatures to identify factors in the allocation of resources to policing.
Fábio Batisteti Silva, Cleiciele Albuquerque Augusto
Apesar de tatuagens estarem presentes nos corpos dos humanos desde tempos remotos, tornando-se uma tendência visual cada vez mais costumeira. Essa prática ainda se depara com relutância quanto a sua aceitação em algumas organizações. Com este estudo, buscou-se compreender a influência de tatuagens visíveis no processo seletivo de candidatos recrutados para cargos em bancos privados da cidade de Maringá-PR. Para tanto, foram escolhidas duas agências de caráter privado na cidade para servir de objetos de estudo. Nessas, foram realizadas entrevistas com os responsáveis pela contratação, com a finalidade de se obter informações mais precisas acerca da influência de tatuagens visíveis no processo seletivo. Também foram aplicados questionários aos funcionários, visando colher informações e opiniões sobre tatuagens visíveis no ambiente bancário. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as tatuagens são aceitas em sua maioria pelos funcionários das agências bancárias, mas que eles temem por reações negativas que elas possam criar nos clientes. Conclui-se que as tatuagens visíveis não apresentam influências diretas na contratação de novos funcionários, mas exercem influência indireta ao preocupar os gerentes quanto à possível reação dos clientes perante funcionários tatuados.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Business
The article discusses the different concepts of the State information policy, its purpose and content. Notes that existing concepts, strategies, etc. in information sphere are unfortunately still fragmented (focused above all on the creation of scientific-technical and technological base of the transition to the information society, in particular through the development of information and communication infrastructure and advanced information technologies) and the lack of systematic integrity of regulatory documents. According to this, in all of greater relevance is the question of development and approval of Unified Code of public documents regarding the management sphere.
The strategic weight of today become the issue of legislative regulation of various aspects of its development of information-communicative sphere of Ukraine, in accordance with international practice, where already successfully tested the relevant legislative technology of solving them, not only by the approval of amendments to existing laws or the development of new, and by codification – the development and adoption Of Code of Ukraine. However, still conceptual appropriateness of adopting an information code in Ukraine has not found adequate technological support, that negatively affects the development of information-communicative System State.
Today in Ukraine is a strategic document that at the national level to govern the main priorities, directions, principles, principles and ways of realization of the State policy on implementing its information and communication functions. Moreover the communicative component state is not clearly separated from the information, and therefore does not have the proper conceptual, technological and functional software, also destablzacjno affects the livelihoods of its public sector.
Political institutions and public administration (General)