Hasil untuk "Photography"

Wenjing Liu, Hui Deng, Shuo Tian

This study investigates the excavation of the cataclastic loose rock slope at the mixing plant on the right bank of the BDa Hydropower Station, which is situated in the upper reaches of Lancang River. The dominant structural plane of the cataclastic loose rock mass was obtained using unmanned aerial vehicle tilt photography and 3D point cloud technology. The actual 3D numerical model of the study area was developed using the 3DEC discrete element numerical simulation software. The excavation response characteristics and overall stability of the cataclastic loose rock slope were analyzed. The support effect was evaluated considering the preliminary shaft micropile and Macintosh reinforced mat as slope support measures, and the stability was assessed by applying seismic waves. The results showed the main deformation and failure area after slope cleaning excavation at the junction of the cataclastic loose rock mass and Q^edl deposits in the shallow surface of the excavation face. Moreover, the maximum total displacement could reach 18.3 cm. Subsequently, the overall displacement of the slope was significantly reduced, and the maximum total displacement decreased to 2.78 cm. The support effect was significant. Under an earthquake load, the slope with support exhibited considerable displacement in the shallow surface of the excavation slope, with collapse deformation primarily occurring through shear failure.

Jia Liu, Jia Liu, Jia Liu et al.

IntroductionMicrobial dysbiosis links to mucosal immune dysregulation, but the specific bacterial contributions to oral mucosal inflammation remain unclear. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a pathogen well-characterized in mucosal immunity and immune regulation studies, has been observed to be enriched in chronic oral inflammatory lesions and was reported to modulate T helper 17 cells (Th17)/T regulatory cells (Treg) homeostasis. Here, we developed an oral mucositis mouse model via tongue scratch and E. coli topical application to investigate its role in Th17/Treg imbalance.MethodsThe inflammatory infiltration was evaluated by macroscopic photography and HE staining. The expression of inflammatory factors in tongue tissue and peripheral blood of mice were detected by immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of Th17 and Treg in mice spleen lymphocytes were evaluated with flow cytometry. Differential gene expression analysis, functional enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed using RNA-seq data from oral lichen planus (OLP).ResultsE. coli stimulation aggravated inflammatory responses induced by scratching in lingual mucosa of mice, including increased local and systemic expression of interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 17 (IL17), chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20), increased proportions of Th17 cells and increased Th17/Treg ratio in spleen lymphocytes. Analysis of RNA-seq data from OLP revealed alterations in antimicrobial responses and inflammatory factors associated with upregulation of Th17/Treg balance.ConclusionThis study supports the role of E. coli in promoting oral mucosal inflammation and provides an experimental basis for in vivo study of OLP from the perspective of microorganisms.

Caroline C. Cotton, Anirudha S. Chandrabhatla, Mackenzie L. Higgins et al.

Introduction: Ipilimumab and nivolumab are checkpoint inhibitors that are known to cause a multitude of inflammatory ocular adverse events. Here we report a patient with poliosis and symptomatic depigmentation of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cutaneous melanoma. Case Presentation: The patient presented with floaters in both eyes and concerns for intraocular metastases of metastatic cutaneous melanoma after 1 month of therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab. External examination revealed poliosis of her eyebrows and eyelashes. Fundus photography demonstrated multiple 1–3 disc-diameter hypopigmented placoid flat areas in the RPE/choroid exposing underlying choroidal vessels in both eyes. At subsequent evaluation 7 months later (after an additional 6 months of checkpoint inhibitor therapy), the lesions appeared more blanched. Evaluation nearly 20 months after the initial presentation showed no significant changes from her prior visit despite cessation of checkpoint inhibitor therapy for 13 months. Conclusion: Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cutaneous melanoma metastases can cause depigmentation of the choroid and RPE that must be differentiated from progression of intraocular melanoma.

Xiaohang Qu, Xiaoni Qi, Da Fang

The storage of thermal energy has been hindered by the low heat-transfer rate of the solid phase of the phase-changing materiel. With water being the heat-transfer fluid as well as the liquid phase in the liquid–solid two-phase system, a novel type of fluidized bed is designed in this study. Numerous hollow spheres are fabricated with phase-changing materiel encapsulated. Adding the solid–liquid phase-change material capsules to the flowing fluid, the capsules are dispersed suspended in the carrier. The large spheres, 25 mm in present experiment, possess the merits of guaranteeing energy-storage density and tolerating internal interface chaotic motion. Both the fluidization status and phase-changing process are recorded by photography combined with image-processing technology. It is found that the large spheres, with density less than water, can be fluidized by the downward flowing fluid. As the flow rate increases, the expansion ratio of the solid phase increases and the regimes of incipient fluidization and bubbling fluidization can be observed. In comparison to the fixed bed, the oscillation of pressure drop across a fluidized bed is more severe, but the averaged value is less than the fixed bed. The melting and solidifying can be accelerated by 22.6% and 50%, respectively, thus proving the superiority of the fluidized bed in improving the heat-transfer rate while charging/discharging the thermal energy. Three types of basic movement of the spheres are shown to contribute to the enhanced phase-changing rate, which are shifting, colliding and rotating.

Isabel Cabral, Amanda Schuch, Fernanda Steffens

This paper explores the intersection of colorimetry and biomimetics in textile design, focusing on mimicking natural plant colors in dyed textiles via instrumental colorant formulation. The experimental work was conducted with two polyester substrates dyed with disperse dyes using the exhaustion process. Textiles dyed with different dye colors and concentrations were measured in a spectrophotometer and a database was created in Datacolor Match Textile software version 2.4.1 (0) with the samples’ colorimetric properties. Colorant recipe formulation encompassed the definition and measurement of the pattern colors (along four defined natural plants), the selection of the colorants, and the software calculation of the recipes. After textile dyeing with the lowest expected CIELAB color difference (ΔE*) value recipe for each pattern color, a comparative analysis was conducted by spectral reflectance and visual assessment. Scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry were also used to characterize the surface of the natural elements. Samples dyed with the formulated recipe attained good chromatic similarity with the respective natural plants’ colors, and the majority of the samples presented ΔE* between 1.5 and 4.0. Additionally, recipe optimization can also be conducted based on the colorimetric evaluation. This research contributes a design framework for biomimicking colors in textile design, establishing a systematic method based on colorimetry and color theory that enables the reproduction of nature’s color palette through the effective use of colorants.

Linyun Gu, Huahu Xu, Xiaojin Ma

Rain can have a detrimental effect on optical components, leading to the appearance of streaks and halos in images captured during rainy conditions. These visual distortions caused by rain and mist contribute significant noise information that can compromise image quality. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for simultaneously removing both streaks and halos from the image to produce clear results. First, based on the principle of atmospheric scattering, a rain and mist model is proposed to initially remove the streaks and halos from the image by reconstructing the image. The Deep Memory Block (DMB) selectively extracts the rain layer transfer spectrum and the mist layer transfer spectrum from the rainy image to separate these layers. Then, the Multi-scale Convolution Block (MCB) receives the reconstructed images and extracts both structural and detailed features to enhance the overall accuracy and robustness of the model. Ultimately, extensive results demonstrate that our proposed model JDDN (Joint De-rain and De-mist Network) outperforms current state-of-the-art deep learning methods on synthetic datasets as well as real-world datasets, with an average improvement of 0.29 dB on the heavy-rainy-image dataset.

Priscilia Barbuti, Oscar Fuentes, Stéphane Konik et al.

Since the first discoveries of Palaeolithic art in France in the late 19th century, surveying cave walls has remained the archaeological key element of the scientific process. From direct copy on tracing paper to photography and computer graphics, the methods and techniques of the archaeologists have always been related to the technological advances of their times. For the last 15 years or so, 3D has been applied to research projects in prehistoric archaeology and the study of decorated caves. From data acquisition to data processing and management, the field adapts, borrows and assimilates 3D digital ecosystems according to various research problems. What place does the archaeological survey have in it? What input in terms of understanding volumes and surface features can it provide? And what kind of knowledge modelling can 3D tools applied to the Human Sciences create? This is what this paper aims to address.

Keisuke Masuda, Hideki Shigematsu, Manabu Maeda et al.

Abstract Background Several methods can be used to diagnose discogenic pain, but only discoblock can diagnose discogenic pain definitively. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of an ultrasound-guided disc pain induction test for a simple and accurate diagnosis of the culprit lesion. Methods We included 41 patients with lumbar pain in whom pain was induced by an ultrasound-guided disc pain induction test. All patients had confirmed pain at L1/2 to L5/S1 based on an ultrasound-guided disc pain induction test and underwent X-ray photography and magnetic resonance imaging. Seventeen patients who required injection due to severe pain underwent discoblock procedures for discs with the most intense pain, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were obtained before and after the procedure for these patients. We analysed the association between painful discs and radiological findings. Results Pain induction was noted in a total of 65 discs, and the pain was induced in 23 patients in only one disc. All patients had disc degeneration of Pfirrmann classification grade 1 or higher, with more significant disc degeneration in painful discs than in painless discs. There was no significant relationship between the presence or absence of pain and Modic type. The average VAS measurements improved significantly from 9.5 (pre-procedure) to 2.5 (post-procedure). These results suggest that the most painful discs were the causes of discogenic lumbar pain. Conclusions Our ultrasound-guided disc pain induction test may help diagnose disc degeneration and identify culprit lesions, even when multiple discs exhibit findings of degeneration.

Clara Masnatta

I analyze the oeuvre of contemporary Japanese photographer Rinko Kawauchi through the notion of imperfection. An approach that gives precedence to process over product and combines conceptual art with vernacular traditions makes her pictures happily imperfect. Departing from Kawauchi’s transmedial concept of the image, often lying between word and image and mainly materialized through photo books, I propose that Kawauchi’s photographs are imperfectthanks to her experimentation with technical mistakes, the vernacular subject-matter of everyday snapshots, seriality, sequencing, and format variation, elliptical visibility, the aesthetics of color, and a non-linear temporality. Imperfection emphasizes the materiality of the medium, and positions photography far removed from the referent-centered documentary domain by way of aisthethic, rather than semiotic, significance. Imperfection also activates reception as it kindles emotional involvement and participant viewing. The question remains: What is perfect then? ”Imperfect” compared to what kind of standards? Are there such? My article proposes a notion of “imperfect” defined against a received norm of technical mistakes, the vernacular subject-matter of everyday snapshots, seriality, sequencing, and format variation, elliptical visibility, the aesthetics of color, and a non-linear temporality. The text is not centered on perfection, yet the term appears defined against boundaries, temporal culmination or the single individual shot configured a la Cartier-Bresson. My entire essay pivots around the imperfection concept. I believe the reader is eventually convinced that the concept works very well - if not perfectly! for reading Kawauchi’s work. What is a mistake after all? For sure some of them are mistakes, if we have standards based on photography technique guides. But fine art photography has seldom followed these rules. My text progressively unpacks the notion of  “mistake”. At this point (abstract), the text seeks to present ideas and call upon a common usage of terms to communicate with readers easily. Complications come in the development. As you also remarked, “mistake” will later appear in my text between quotation marks. Do these really make the pictures imperfect, like this sentence suggests? Is it really imperfection that activates reception? Or is it perhaps intimate/limited viewpoint and restrictions of the frame and camera technique?

Iris Lucio-Villegas Spillard

As indicated by many critics, the death of children features prominently in Alice Munro’s short fiction. This paper approaches the theme in six of her short stories from the standpoint of her personal experience to establish shared elements that combine to build the narratives, reverberating in her writing. These elements are the past, water, and photography. The argument and literary exploration are grounded on previous literature on the author, short story theory, and photography theory, and ultimately pursue a double objective, i.e., to develop an interpretation of the figure of the lost child in Munro’s work, while providing supporting evidence for the autobiographical nature of her literature.

Thaer Mulla Alou, Samim Yunis

<strong>   The research Problem was training of trainers in depending on the errors of the skill full Performance of The swimmer in the simple steps o slep-observation and their decision de Ponds on their se self-evaluation which is fraught with some of the shortcomings and to the speed of mal movement and the multiple stages and variables the tow researchers find used during on experiment done for one of the swimmers with tow different cameras </strong> <strong>A-    </strong><strong>using normal camera (25 pictare / sec )</strong> <strong>B-     </strong><strong> using high speed camera (240 Pictare /sec) the research’s concluded that errors were more and obvious using camera (b) than (a) .</strong> <strong>   The researchers found it necessary to use then in judging the level of technical per for manse of  Photography and I biomechanical analysis and identify technical errors in Performance. Also use these 3 cameras with high speed correction Performance as a Feedback to help the trainer and swimmer to correct the errors and in record time.</strong> <strong>   The research’s aims to dis cover the values of some biochemematic variables affecting the technical errors with high speed cameras. and correction technical errors with feedback with using high speed content I cameras, in this ! in this assumed that feedback using i high speed cameras have a positive s effect on technical performance of the star block swimming.</strong> <strong>the researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the  nature of the research Problem using the experimental designed which is designed a for the designee of the tow test of Pre and post-test. the sample of the research with (6) swimmers.</strong> <strong>  The researchers used & questionnaire I Measurement , scientific and technical observation, and Kinematic I analisis a means of data collection to obtain search variable .</strong> <strong>   The researcher depends on the It statistical means (arithmetic mean, Standard deviation and (T test) for the associated samples.</strong> <strong>   The researchers concluded that the delayed Post-feed bach effect had a good effect on the variable of angular velocity of the body of the hind leg, and feedback has had a good effect on horizontal distances vertical distance, distance obtained in the descending Phase post delayed feedback influenced well the horizontal distance from Platform to the water entry point in the complete motion variable.</strong>

Mohamed Shafeeq Karinkurayil

This paper asks what it is to engage with a photograph as an artifact of the quotidian, if the photograph has exited the social sphere. The paper begins with recounting the importance of the labour migration from the South Indian state of Kerala to the countries of the Arab Gulf. Malayalam (predominant language of Kerala) literature and cinema on the Gulf has been unable to forge a new discourse around migration and the labouring body or the fantastic riches that symbolize it. Unburdened by a long tradition, photographs allowed the visual intensities of cinema to be unmoored from the pull of its narrative. In the process, the photographs became a site of communicating the affective intensities of the Gulf. However, these photographs from an earlier era now lay stowed away in forgotten corners of the migrant houses, if not lost completely. This poses questions for the academic who studies the photographs not only for their value as historical records but also as a visual practice – how to engage with this disengagement which wears out the image? How does this closeting affect our understandings of photograph as projects of memorializing? The paper closes with raising this need for a new vocabulary, a glimpse of which is available to us in Benjaminian “distraction.”

Ramon Sarró, Ana Temudo

This article discusses the history of the National Ethnographic Museum of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) and an exhibition we curated about it in Bissau in 2017, which serendipitously led to its reopening. The Museum, which was created in 1988, had ceased to exist because of a civil war in 1998-99. Thanks to a reconstruction of contact prints in the archives of Bissau, we were able to organize an exhibition and to conduct research on the history of the museum. Methodologically, the article illustrates the potential of photography in museum historiography and revitalization. Thematically, it exemplifies the history of museography in West Africa from the mid-1980s through the 1990s, the role of museums in the creation of national heritage, and, by looking at the present situation of the Museum at stake, the fragile place that ethnographic museums have in the politics of culture in today’s Africa.

Floriane Misslin

This sociological research studies how fashion editors, art directors, and photographers make the fluidity of gender more visible within an industry established on the binary womenswear/menswear. It addresses gender fluid practices as a questioning of the conditions in which relations between body and dress are made systematic. The research has identified some of the restrictions faced when producing gender fluid fashion imagery, and highlighted the alternative solutions that originate from these limitations. This paper proposes to apply live and inventive methodological approaches to fashion studies. The design of my methodology was concerned with its capacity to study a subject still mostly understood through a binary ontology. Consequently, the “Diagrammatic Manifestos” is a research method attentive to the conditions in which relations can be made different, rather than identical, to dominant gender ideals. Throughout the series of interviews, diagrams were operated as analytical devices to graphically reorganize transcripts into manifestos. The diagrams’ forms were made responsive to the differences in each participants’ narrative and reveal how their individual experiences of gender affect the images they produce.

Qing Wang, Jun Tan, Tianzhang Xing et al.

Handheld mobile photography is often affected by motion blur due to the difficulty of keeping the camera's stable. The existing processing method is usually a high-cost deblurring process of a computer, which seriously affects the user experience, and the deblurring effect is poor due to the lack of information on camera motion. Inspire by edging computing's ongoing efforts in automatically and collaboratively process more types of resources in the edge and cloud. In this paper, we present SID, a sensor-assisted image deblurring system for mobile devices. Using information about camera motion acquired from built-in sensors from smartphones (e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers), then estimating the point spread function, and combining the image's segmentation smoothing characteristics with spatial adaptation to image Deblurring. The image is preprocessed by the p-m nonlinear diffusion model, which preserves the characteristics of the image. The fuzzy image confirmation avoids the damage to the original high quality image. Wiener-Hoff optimization is used to optimize the effect of image restoration. We evaluated 400 photos with varying degrees of blur and size. Compared to traditional blind and unblind deconvolution methods, our algorithm shows significant advantages in both deblurring and processing delays.

Olga Bertelsen

This study focuses on nuclear tourism, which flourished a decade ago in the Exclusion Zone, a regimented area around the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (Ukraine) established in 1986, where the largest recorded nuclear explosion in human history occurred. The mass pilgrimage movement transformed the place into an open air museum, a space that preserves the remnants of Soviet culture, revealing human tragedies of displacement and deaths, and the nature of state nuclear power. This study examines the impact of the site on its visitors and the motivations for their persistence and activities in the Zone, and argues that through photography, cartography, exploration, and discovery, the pilgrims attempt to decode the historical and ideological meaning of Chornobyl and its significance for future generations. Ultimately, the aesthetic and political space of the Zone helps them establish a conceptual and mnemonic connection between the Soviet past and Ukraine’s present and future. Their practices, in turn, help maintain the Zone’s spatial and epistemological continuity. Importantly, Chornobyl seems to be polysemic in nature, inviting interpretations and shaping people’s national and intellectual identities.

Gian Luca Farina, Fabrizio Spataro, Antonino De Lorenzo et al.

Personal assessments of body phenotype can enhance success in weight management but are limited by the lack of availability of practical methods. We describe a novel smart phone application of digital photography (DP) and determine its validity to estimate fat mass (FM). This approach utilizes the percent (%) occupancy of an individual lateral whole-body digital image and regions indicative of adipose accumulation associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic disease. We measured 117 healthy adults (63 females and 54 males aged 19 to 65 years) with DP and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and report here the development and validation of this application. Inter-observer variability of the determination of % occupancy was 0.02%. Predicted and reference FM values were significantly related in females (R2 = 0.949, SEE = 2.83) and males (R2 = 0.907, SEE = 2.71). Differences between predicted and measured FM values were small (0.02 kg, p = 0.96 and 0.07 kg, p = 0.96) for females and males, respectively. No significant bias was found; limits of agreement ranged from 5.6 to −5.4 kg for females and from 5.6 to −5.7 kg for males. These promising results indicate that DP is a practical and valid method for personal body composition assessments.

Svenja Deuchler, Pankaj Singh, Michael Müller et al.

Introduction. To evaluate the impact of the eye lens status and oil side effects on the outcome of vitreoretinal surgery in retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and a temporary silicone oil tamponade (SOT). Methods. 101 eyes were analyzed retrospectively and 103 eyes prospectively in regard to their retinal reattachment success rate and key factors for the outcome. Subgroup analysis of 27 eyes with Scheimpflug lens photography (SLP) before and after retinal reattachment service with SOT was performed. For SLP (65% phakic eyes) a Pentacam densitometry reference body with 3 mm diameter was chosen and 3 segments (anterior/mid/posterior) were evaluated separately after a quality check. Results. The retinal reattachment rate was highest in the prospective pseudophakic group (p=0.039). Lens transparency loss occurred earlier in middle aged patients than in younger patients. Besides the nucleus, layers posterior and anterior to it showed specific transparency changes. The emulsification rate was higher when eyes had been operated on in the anterior chamber before retinal reattachment service. Conclusions. Retinal reattachment surgery seems to benefit from preoperative cataract removal. We found significant lens changes in the nucleus as well as in the layers anterior and posterior to it. This corresponds to the histology of the lens epithelium published before.

Mette Sandbye

Having been the most widespread practice of photography since the late 19th century, it is only in the recent few decades that family photography has come into focus of academic attention. Scholars working with family albums have mainly come from anthropology, whereas scholars from the aesthetical fields, art history, photography studies, and cultural studies have been more hesitant about how to approach such a material. Using three family photo albums from the late 1960s and onwards as examples, the goal of this paper is to underline that family photos contain emotional, psychological, and affective qualities that reach further than the individual owner and that should be put forward, also within the fields of aesthetics and humanities. Family photo albums are about social and emotional communication, they can be interpreted as ways of understanding and coming to terms with life, and at the same time they document more sociological aspects of daily lives, that we do not have access to from other historical sources. The paper suggests a theoretical framing as a combination of now “classical” photography theory and more recent cultural theory in order to highlight the possible interpretative findings in an analysis of family photography drawing on cultural theory, social-cultural anthropology, material culture studies, affect theory, and phenomenology.

Marcy K. Franks, Temple Grandin

A total of 1379 beef bull pictures were surveyed to determine visibility of feet and legs from four American semen company websites. Five different breeds were represented: Angus, Red Angus, Hereford (polled and horned), Simmental, and Charolais. In addition to visibility, data on other variables were collected to establish frequencies and correlations. These included breed, color, material that obscured visibility, such as grass, picture taken at livestock show or outside, semen company, photographer, video, and age of bull. A foot and leg visibility score was given to each bull picture. Only 19.4% of the pictures had fully visible feet and legs. Both the hooves and dewclaws were hidden on 32.5% of the pictures. Correlation between bull’s birthdate and the first four visibility scores was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.0001). As age increased the feet and legs were more likely to be visible in the bull’s picture. This may possibly be due to greater availability of both photo editing software and digital photography. One positive finding was that 6% of the bulls had a video of the bull walking which completely showed his feet and legs.