Hasil untuk "Philosophy"

D. Spalding

G. M.

J. Dewey

M. Farber, A. Ayer

R. Jeffrey

H. Reichenbach

M. Athans

Nicolas Bazine, Anne Pignault, Jean-Luc Bernaud et al.

Policymakers, researchers and practitioners have recently drawn attention to the issue of employability among workers over 45 in the context of an aging workforce. Consequently, a review of the determinants of employability among these workers is both necessary and timely. This systematic review thus addresses the question, aims to provide an overview of the antecedents of employability of employees over 45 but also to highlight through which conceptualization employability has been studied. A systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using six databases relevant to the fields of work and organizational psychology, covering studies published between 1996 and 2025. In total, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Results showed that the determinants of employability of the older workers (+45) can be divided into four subsets of determinants: demographic, psychological, job characteristic and organizational. Our review highlighted the fact that most of the studies focused on demographic determinants and more specifically on age originating mostly from cross-sectional studies. Hence, many different conceptualizations and instruments used coexist, demonstrating a disparity in how determinants of employability have been studied.

Haoshuo Fu

The Weil representation is a particularly significant linear representation of the metaplectic group, used in the study of theta correspondence. In this paper, I introduce a derived category version of the Weil representation in the local field case. For the dual pair $ (\mathrm{GL}_n,\mathrm{GL}_m) $, I give a coherent description of this category, in the philosophy of relative Langlands duality.

R. J. Keith

Loredana Garlati

Il saggio si propone di offrire un contributo di discussione e di approfondimento allo studio svolto da Jacopo Della Torre relativo all’analisi comparativa dei differenti standard probatori adottati nel tempo per raggiungere la certezza della decisione penale. In ragione dell’ampiezza dei temi trattati, ci si soffermerà in particolare sul sistema di prove legali e sul passaggio all’intimo convincimento, con specifico riferimento alla realtà francese.

Miriam Jacqueline Muñoz-Aucapiña, Rosa Elvira Muñoz-Aucapiña, Inmaculada García-García et al.

Gender-based violence among young people is a pressing global problem, causing injury and disability to women and posing physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health risks. This study aimed to psychometrically validate the Dating Violence Questionnaire—Revised (DVQ-R) in a sample of 340 Ecuadorian university students. The study included 340 male and female students from two universities in Ecuador. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were rigorously assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which revealed a four-factor model as the most parsimonious solution (RMSEA = 0.012). The factors were labelled as follows: ‘emotional neglect and contempt’, ‘physical violence and aggression’, ‘coercion and control’, and ‘emotional manipulation and testing’. The validated scale yielded a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.839, with individual alpha values of 0.872, 0.764, 0.849, and 0.729 for each dimension. Convergent validity was established, as the mean variance extracted per factor exceeded 0.4. Divergent validity was confirmed, as the variance retained by each factor was greater than the variance shared between them (mean variance extracted per factor > ϕ²). These results indicate that the DVQ-R is a valid and reliable instrument to assess dating violence among Spanish-speaking young adults, which supports future research and prevention programmes.

Robert Yang

Large language models display a peculiar form of inconsistency: they "know" the correct answer but fail to act on it. In human philosophy, this tension between global judgment and local impulse is called akrasia, or weakness of will. We propose akrasia as a foundational concept for analyzing inconsistency and goal drift in agentic AI systems. To operationalize it, we introduce a preliminary version of the Akrasia Benchmark, currently a structured set of prompting conditions (Baseline [B], Synonym [S], Temporal [T], and Temptation [X]) that measures when a model's local response contradicts its own prior commitments. The benchmark enables quantitative comparison of "self-control" across model families, decoding strategies, and temptation types. Beyond single-model evaluation, we outline how micro-level akrasia may compound into macro-level instability in multi-agent systems that may be interpreted as "scheming" or deliberate misalignment. By reframing inconsistency as weakness of will, this work connects agentic behavior to classical theories of agency and provides an empirical bridge between philosophy, psychology, and the emerging science of agentic AI.

Luozi Shi, Yifei Zhao

Kottwitz suggested to study all extended pure inner forms together in the local Langlands correspondence for linear reductive groups. We extend this philosophy to a large class of covers, including those defined by Brylinski and Deligne, and explain its relation with Weissman's observation that L-packets for covers are sometimes empty.

Ivana Marasović Šušnjara, Maja Vejić, Julija Vejić

According to the World Health Organization, health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being, regardless of race, religion, political beliefs, economic and social status. Although we tend to believe it, health is not self-evident and is also conditioned by the factors beyond our control. Today, we share many leading public health problems globally. In solving them, various interventions are carried out, often with the absence of targeted results. Improving and preserving health is a big challenge and is the responsibility of the individual, the health system and other participants and is the result of their interaction. But, is the action of these participants coherent? Is their interaction constructive? What to do to prevent destruction? These are just some of the questions that should be answered in order for interventions to adequately respond to the challenges.

Mohammed Khalil, Mohammed Sabry

Classical Arabic represents a significant era that encompasses the golden age of Arab culture, philosophy, and scientific literature. With a broad consensus on the importance of translating these literatures to enrich knowledge dissemination across communities, the advent of large language models (LLMs) and translation systems offers promising tools to facilitate this goal. However, we have identified a scarcity of translation datasets in Classical Arabic, which are often limited in scope and topics, hindering the development of high-quality translation systems. In response, we present the ATHAR dataset, which comprises 66,000 high-quality classical Arabic to English translation samples that cover a wide array of topics including science, culture, and philosophy. Furthermore, we assess the performance of current state-of-the-art LLMs under various settings, concluding that there is a need for such datasets in current systems. Our findings highlight how models can benefit from fine-tuning or incorporating this dataset into their pretraining pipelines. The dataset is publicly available on the HuggingFace Data Hub: https://huggingface.co/datasets/mohamed-khalil/ATHAR.

Timotheus Riedel

The idea that the dynamical properties of quantum systems are invariably relative to other systems has recently regained currency. Using Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) for a case study, this paper calls attention to a question that has been underappreciated in the debate about quantum relativism: the question of whether relativity iterates. Are there absolute facts about the properties one system possesses relative to a specified reference, or is this again a relative matter, and so on? It is argued that RQM (in its best-known form) is committed to what I call the Unrestricted Iteration Principle (UIP), and thus to an infinite regress of relativisations. This principle plays a crucial role in ensuring the communicability and coherence of interaction outcomes across observers. It is, however, shown to be incompatible with the widespread, conservative reading of RQM in terms of relations, instead necessitating the adoption of the more unorthodox notion of perspectival facts. I conclude with some reflections on the current state of play in perspectivist versions of RQM and quantum relativism more generally, underscoring both the need for further conceptual development and the importance of the iteration principle for an accurate cost-benefit analysis of such interpretations.

Kirti Singhal, Surekha Chukkali

AbstractDespite the advances in studies conducted among healthcare professionals to explore the impact of the pandemic on their mental health, a large population still continues to display COVID-19 related psychological complaints. There has been recent awareness of moral injury related guilt and shame among doctors and nurses. However, the factors associated with moral injury have not received much attention, due to which the issue still persists. This study aims to explore the role of guilt-shame proneness, and locus of control in predicting moral injury among healthcare professionals. MISS-HP, PGI Locus of Control, and GASP scales were administered to a sample of 806 healthcare professionals. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive relationship between moral injury and guilt-shame proneness, as well as the locus of control. Regression analysis indicated a significant role of guilt-shame proneness and locus of control in predicting moral injury. In conclusion, while studying moral injury, it becomes equally important to consider these factors to understand the concept better.

Cristina Gonzalez-Liencres, Sofia Seinfeld, Juha Holma et al.