Hasil untuk "Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics"

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DOAJ Open Access 2026
Stone Circular Design and Material Regeneration

Gabriele Pontillo, Silvana Bruno, Alessio Tanzini et al.

This contribution aims to investigate the strategic role of design within the ecological transition and the circular economy, through an in-depth analysis of the STONE project. The latter represents an advanced operational model for the reuse of stone waste within local supply chains with high environmental impact, promoting the design of sustainable architectural components capable of generating cultural, aesthetic, functional, and economic value. The paper, structured in multiple sections, explores the dimension of systemic design, the potential of digital and additive technologies, the hybridization between artisanal knowledge and scientific know-how, as well as the ability of the STONE project to activate new practices of co-design and social inclusion. The objective is to offer a methodological and operational framework that can be exported, capable of stimulating responsible innovation and the creation of resilient and regenerative production systems.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2025
مشخصه‌یابی فام قرمز و قهوه‌ای در سفال‌های مینایی سده‌های ششم تا هفتم هجری قمری در ایران با استفاده از روش‌های دستگاهی

ملیکا یزدانی, داود آقا علی گل

در این پژوهش، پوشرنگ‌های قرمز و قهوه‌ای در سفالینه‌نگاری‌های دوازده اثر مینایی سده 6-7 هـ.ق یافت‌شده از دژ الموت و همچنین نمونه‌های موجود در موزه ملی ایران که بخشی از آنها از محوطه تاریخی ری یافت شده‌اند، با استفاده از مطالعات میکروپیکسی، میکروسکوپ نوری و میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی مطالعه شده‌اند. مهم‌ترین اهداف پژوهش، دستیابی به شیوه‌های مختلف ایجاد فام‌های قرمز و قهوه‌ای بر روی لعاب زمینه و اندازه‌گیری ترکیبات عنصری و عناصر موثر در تولید این رنگدانه‌ها بوده ‌است. در این ‌پژوهش شش گونه رنگ قرمز شناسایی شد. با بررسی توزیع عناصر به‌دست آمده، مشخص شد که عامل تولید فام‌های قرمز و قهوه‌ای در این سفال‌ها آهن است. همچنین، نتایج آنالیز عنصری نشان می‌دهد، لعاب‌های زمینه این پوشرنگ‌ها در سه گروه لعاب سربی، لعاب قلیایی و لعاب سرب- قلع- قلیا تقسیم‌بندی می‌شوند. دیگر نتایج پژوهش، نشان می‌دهد که افزایش میزان اکسید آهن مورد استفاده در لعاب سربی، در تولید فام قهوه‌ای موثر بوده است. نتایج این پژوهش، شیوه ساخت فام قرمز در مکتوبات کهن ایران را تایید می‌کند.

Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2024
The Practice of Anticipation as a Skill for Designing Possible and Preferable Futures

Ana Cristina Borba da Cunha, Carlo Franzato, Eduardo Pellanda et al.

The paper discusses Damasio’s homeostasis theory and its potential connection to design. It starts with the evolution of physiological regulation from the Hippocratic theory of body humours through Claude Bernard’s milieu intérieur, Walter Cannon’s formulation of the concept of homeostasis, culminating with Damasio’s homeostasis theory emphasising conscious homeostatic feelings, besides the unconscious mechanisms of physiological control. Next, it shows the importance of Damasio’s homeostasis theory in perception, consciousness, as well as affect and wellbeing, and how it can inform the design discourse, specifically regarding emotions, embodiment, and environment. It poses questions such as whether design could be viewed as an extension of ourselves, acting as a psychic stabiliser or destabiliser. It argues that how we feel may eventually serve as a homeostatic design guide and that knowledge of homeostasis may improve wellbeing and the built environment.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2024
بررسی سینتیک و ایزوترم جذب متیلن بلو از محلول آبی با استفاده از نانوکامپوزیت مغناطیسیPVA/AG/CuFe2O4

رویا نایبی, عبدالله فلاح شجاعی, مریم پورجمال

هدف از این پژوهش، سنتز یک جاذب جدید به منظور حذف رنگزای متیلن بلو از محلول در زمان کمتر بوده است. در ابتدا نانوذرات فریت مس با روش سولوترمال و نانو کامپوزیت مغناطیسی CuFe2O4/ PVA/AG با روش انجماد-ذوب و خشک کردن در دمای اتاق تهیه شدند. ساختار و ریخت‌شناسی نانو کامپوزیت مغناطیسی با استفاده از روش‌هایی مانند FTIR، XRD، SEM و EDX بررسی شد. جاذب CuFe2O4/ PVA/AG در شرایط بهینه 7=pH، زمان تماس60 دقیقه، مقدار جاذب mg 40 ، غلظت رنگزا  ppm5 و دمای °C 25 بررسی شد. بیشینه جذب و ظرفیت جذب به ترتیب برابر با 81.1 درصد و mg/g 14.93به دست آمد. علاوه بر بررسی اثر بازیابی جاذب به منظور مقایسه، جاذب PVA/AG نیز در شرایط بهینه مذکور بررسی و بیشینه بازده حذف برای آن 63 درصد به دست آمد. در بررسی ایزوترم حالت تعادل حذف رنگزا تطابق خوبی با ایزوترم فروندلیچ دارد. سینتیک جذب سطحی بررسی شد و مشاهده گردید که فرآیند جذب بر روی نانو کامپوزیت مغناطیسی از معادلات سینتیکی شبه مرتبه دوم پیروی می‌کند.

Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2024
We Need to Talk About Learning Design. A Proposal for Critical Conversation

Suzanne E. Martin

Conversations about how design learning moves toward its preferable future are critical. This paper discusses a hybrid area of investigation across Futures studies and Design Research that informs thinking toward a design education imaginary, as part of a larger body of work addressing pedagogical innovation. It sets out discursive approaches for connecting knowledge, and investigates the role that narrative might play in enabling that future to be imagined, visualised and enacted. The paper introduces a process — a tool, currently in early phase testing — through which discursive, community knowledge might be collected for application within existing systems and processes. The paper proposes critical conversation as a form of making, as a device for creating the future story in, and of, design learning, pointing toward a new chapter for design education where it might expand to truly make sense of the world around learning.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Dasein Ist Design: An Ontological Discussion of Design in the Ecological Crisis Time

Sabrina Lucibello, Carmen Rotondi

The paper introduces preventive innovation as a possible way for design to address global challenges within the broader context of the Bio Revolution, understood as a dual convergence – technological and cultural – between biology and artifice. The interrelated condition, amplified by environmental crises and technologies that go so far as to recreate nature, requires a broader reflection on innovation and a proactive and preventive attitude that allows us to develop a new awareness of the reality surrounding us. To focus on the ontological dimension of design in this context, we will describe part of the results of “Biovision of the Future”, a research and critical reflection path promoted by the authors with the contribution of Stefano Marzano. The results under discussion are five “attitudes” deriving from the critical reconsideration of some paths that design takes in the Bio Revolution. These may be valuable references for design approaches aimed at preventive and post-anthropocentric innovation.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2023
The Bound of the Non-Commutative Parameter Based on Gravitational Measurements

Abdellah Touati, Slimane Zaim

In this paper, we investigate the four classical tests of general relativity in the non-commutative (NC) gauge theory of gravity. Using the Seiberg–Witten (SW) map and the star product, we calculate the deformed metric components <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi>g</mi><mo>^</mo></mover></mrow><mi>μν</mi></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>Θ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the Schwarzschild black hole (SBH). The use of this deformed metric enables us to calculate the gravitational periastron advance of mercury, the red shift, the deflection of light, and time delays in the NC spacetime. Our results for the NC prediction of the gravitational deflection of light and time delays show a newer behavior than the classical one. As an application, we use a typical primordial black hole to estimate the NC parameter <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Θ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, where our results show <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>Θ</mi><mi mathvariant="italic">phy</mi></msup><mo>≈</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>34</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the gravitational red shift, the deflection of light, and time delays at the final stage of inflation, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>Θ</mi><mi mathvariant="italic">phy</mi></msup><mo>≈</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>31</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the gravitational periastron advance of some planets from our solar system.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
DOAJ Open Access 2023
Methods for Life Cycle Evaluation and Design of Packaging

Oscar Huerta

The current use of packaging provokes significant environmental impact. This impact comes from all stages of the packaging life cycle. In order to help in the design and development of packaging with minimal or no environmental impact, this article proposes a hybrid use that integrates descriptive and prescriptive methods. While descriptive methods aim at investigating and describing the environmental impact of packaging, prescriptive methods help to work on the planning and design of product packaging with environmental responsibility. Two descriptive assessment methods and three prescriptive design methods are proposed as viable options to be used in a hybrid approach to packaging design projects. Future work would inquire about case studies of the hybrid use proposed in real world or hypothetical packaging design projects.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Design Tools for Alternative Narratives

Andrea Cattabriga

Three stories narrate professional and design practices that expand the Galaxy of Design, testifying to comprehensive experimental approaches, from the products produced, to the languages and techniques employed, to the themes and meanings. A studio, a scholarly research agency and a professional, who further shift and shred the boundaries of the discipline. The first is Superflux, which takes us to an experimental and speculative dimension, working on multimedia narratives in which the artifact becomes a programmatic, post-tech narrative pretext, representative of a consistently decentralized vision of man in the Planet. Forensic Architecture, which using digital technologies to analyze the built environment, places design as a methodological approach at the service of investigations of human rights violations. Finally Thomas Thwaites, for whom the project (which can be performance, device, installation or film) is always about finding answers to fundamental questions about our relationship with time, technology and nature.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Dispatches on Humanity from a Disabled Cyborg

Laura Forlano

This essay engages with the more than human from the perspective of the disabled cyborg in order to explore themes around human-machine relations and pluriversal design in the context of hundreds of years of dehumanization. Drawing on my own experiences with “smart” medical devices I argue for the value of autoethnographic accounts and praxis as a mode of expanding who can participate in the production of knowledge as well as in the field of design. In the quest for new design practices around the more than human, I ask who is missing from these conversations and why?

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2021
Who Needs Solutions? Social Design Between Technological Solutionism and Articulation of Conflicts

Andrea Facchetti

Starting from Morozov’s thoughts, this paper uses the concept of solutionism to analyze and criticize some trends that today define and lead practices of the so-called social design. To what is referred to as solutionist design, another design approach is here opposed, in which tools and methodologies of the discipline are oriented towards the articulation of a specific problem, rather than its solution. The theoretical background refers to the concepts of “antagonism” described by Mouffe, which has been recently translated within the design field. According to this perspective, a design project develops a political dimension through processes of reframing of a given problem. In this way a social issue will be represented as the product of specific choices or agencies and will therefore emerge as a political problem. This theoretical framework is described and discussed through the analysis and comparison of design projects addressing the issue of refugees and the refugee camp.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
DOAJ Open Access 2019
Resistance to Organizational Change: A Case of Yemen National Oil and Gas Sector

S. A. Sabra, A. M. Aamer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate barriers in understanding different sets of culture, which can arise in an organization. This study was also done to comprehend how resistance can be managed or reduced by discussing the significance of effective communication between management and employees. Trust in management and employee participation during the process of managing changes in National Oil and Gas Company was also identified. We conducted a case study as an investigative tool. In terms of the research site, we focused on one of the national oil and gas companies to highlight some of the issues and outcomes of recent management change. To collect data, questionnaires were distributed within the company. Bivariate correlation analysis and regression analysis were then used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results empirically showed that there are several parameters involving resistance to organizational changes. These parameters can be classified as communication between management and employees, trust in management, and employee participation. These parameters gave a positive impact as employee participation has the highest impact of the three examined factors.

Computer engineering. Computer hardware, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics
S2 Open Access 2017
Design and Realization of Simulation System Combined With Virtual Reality of Tool Controller Mechanism for Machining Center Based on Irai Software

M. Liu, Wei Zhao, Kuan Wang et al.

In order to solve the problem that the training equipment is few and the training items are single, the students can not connect the learned skills with the actual production of the enterprise ,a new idea is put forward to control the virtual 3D-model with the electronic components such as PLC, relay, switch and so on in Irai software. Through establishing contact between PLC and the model of tool controller mechanism for machining center based on Irai software, a platform is built for the experiments and training of mechatronics such as machine control, PLC and CNC machine tools installation and maintenance. The mechanical structure with large space, high cost and complicated structure can be virtual, and the electrical control part is real, thus solving the problems in the actual teaching and promoting the development of mechatronics teaching. Nowadays, virtual reality technology (referred to as VR) is gradually integrated into all aspects of our lives.VR is a kind of technology which provide immersion feeling in interactive threedimensional environment that generates on the computer by using computer graphics system,various realities and interface devices. In the school teaching level,VR technology can solve the lack of experimental equipment and security risks in physical experimental equipment in teaching of various schools.For example,in the current PLC simulation training courses, students can only program on the PLC to achieve controlling motor rotation and LED lights[1].Large, and complex mechanical structure can not be truly controlled. Engineering Training Center of Tianjin University of Technology and Education introduced a number of vertical machining centers,which had a good effect in training teaching.In order to make students having a more in-depth understanding of the NC system automation and make the further development of the mechatronics teaching,a new idea of real time PLC control training for 3D virtual mechanical mechanism by using VR technology is presented.By generating solid modeling in Catia and other 3D drawing software and communicating with the external real PLC through the virtual control platform building by Irai,the real control on the virtual three-dimensional model will be realized.With the simulation system combined with virtual reality applying in the mechatronics training,the problems of laboratory teaching will be solved. Introduction of Iria Software Irai is a software for three-dimensional modeling and simulation.By external 3D modeling software, it can quickly create a 3D interactive simulation model of the automation system.With Irai simulation software, designers of industrial equipment and automation systems are able to test their products in realistic and interactive 3D virtual environments and monitor the behavior of analog devices at any time.By connecting a 3D simulation model with an external controller such as a PLC or an embedded virtual controller, Irai is able to reproduce the real-world behavior of a device or machine in a fully virtualized environment[2].Specific process to use shows in Figure 1 below. 637 Advances in Engineering Research (AER), volume 105 3rd Annual International Conference on Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering (MME 2016) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Figure 1. Irai Software Using Flowcharts Irai 's main software is Virtual Universe Pro V2.This software is mainly to take simulation on the specific movement of the 3D-model and verify the correctness of the design of the 3D-model in the environment and platform provided by PC after the 3D-model built by Solidworks and other 3Dmodeling software is imported[3].Thus the potential security risks due to the uncertainy of machine motion in the actual experiment are avoided.And the authenticity of the software can make the operator feeling immersive and get very good results. Irai comes with the communication software A8.It can combine external real PLC and electrical lines with the 3D model in virtual platform provided by PC and perform motion simulation and programming exercises by using the 3D model which use the external PLC and electrical lines to control the PC's internal structure.A8 software plays an important role in the communication, which make the virtual and the reality linked together.

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