We investigate the effect of dilute Ir substitution on the magnetism of the trimer-based ruthenate Ba$_4$Ru$_3$O$_{10}$ using neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements, atomistic simulations, and first-principles calculations. Neutron diffraction shows that Ir doping preserves the zigzag antiferromagnetic structure and the ordered-moment magnitude of the parent compound, in which the moments reside exclusively on the two outer Ru(2) sites of each $\rm Ru_3O_{12}$ trimer, while the central Ru(1) site remains nonmagnetic. The Néel temperature is reduced from $\approx\!105$ K to 84.0(1) K upon 8% Ir substitution, while magnetic susceptibility reveals a pronounced low-temperature Curie-like upturn, indicating the coexistence of paramagnetic spins with long-range antiferromagnetic order. Density-functional calculations shows that Ir preferentially occupies the central Ru(1) site, where its extended $5d$ orbitals disrupt the Ru-Ru molecular-orbital network and intra/inter-trimer exchange pathways. Atomistic simulations incorporating this paramagnetic dilution reproduce the suppressed ordering temperature and the coexistence of ordered and paramagnetic components.
This study investigates the explainability of generative diffusion models in the context of medical imaging, focusing on Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) synthesis. Although diffusion models have shown strong performance in generating realistic medical images, their internal decision making process remains largely opaque. We present a faithfulness-based explainability framework that analyzes how prototype-based explainability methods like ProtoPNet (PPNet), Enhanced ProtoPNet (EPPNet), and ProtoPool can link the relationship between generated and training features. Our study focuses on understanding the reasoning behind image formation through denoising trajectory of diffusion model and subsequently prototype explainability with faithfulness analysis. Experimental analysis shows that EPPNet achieves the highest faithfulness (with score 0.1534), offering more reliable insights, and explainability into the generative process. The results highlight that diffusion models can be made more transparent and trustworthy through faithfulness-based explanations, contributing to safer and more interpretable applications of generative AI in healthcare.
Ariful Islam, Nathan D. Rock, Kh. Aaditta Arnab
et al.
P-type doped CdTe free surfaces Schottky contacts, and even interfaces with isostructural p-ZnTe frequently exhibit downward band bending and moderate to high recombination velocities. Fermi level pinning by donor-like states can explain these band diagram features, as well as device response characteristics such as 1st quadrant rollover in current-voltage (JV) versus temperature (JVT). Parasitic downward band bending also produces voltage-dependent photocurrent collection, producing fill factor (FF) efficiency losses, JV dark/light non-superposition (or JV take-off), and irregularities in Jsc-Voc and Suns-Voc measurements. Herein, we develop a device physics model of state-of-the-art CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells consistent with known characterization of materials and devices, including the optical, thermalization, and trapping effects of band tail states and isolated defects. We use this model to demonstrate that Fermi-level pinning at the p-ZnTe/p-CdSeTe hole contact by donor-like defects reproduces the aforementioned observables, and conclude that (for contemporary few-um absorber thicknesses and low mobilities) it primarily affects FF rather than Voc. We investigate the performance gains possible from hypothetical passivated, hole-selective layers at the ZnTe/CdTe interface, which eliminate the downwards band bending caused by donor-like defects. For thinner devices and larger minority carrier diffusion lengths, these strategies will become more important for continued efficiency improvements.
Mohd Ruhul Ameen, Akif Islam, Abu Saleh Musa Miah
et al.
News media often shape the public mood not only by what they report but by how they frame it. The same event can appear calm in one outlet and alarming in another, reflecting subtle emotional bias in reporting. Negative or emotionally charged headlines tend to attract more attention and spread faster, which in turn encourages outlets to frame stories in ways that provoke stronger reactions. This research explores that tendency through large-scale emotion analysis of Bengali news. Using zero-shot inference with Gemma-3 4B, we analyzed 300000 Bengali news headlines and their content to identify the dominant emotion and overall tone of each. The findings reveal a clear dominance of negative emotions, particularly anger, fear, and disappointment, and significant variation in how similar stories are emotionally portrayed across outlets. Based on these insights, we propose design ideas for a human-centered news aggregator that visualizes emotional cues and helps readers recognize hidden affective framing in daily news.
Islam Mansour, Georg Fischer, Ronny Haensch
et al.
Digital elevation models derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data over glacial and snow-covered regions often exhibit systematic elevation errors, commonly termed "penetration bias." We leverage existing physics-based models and propose an integrated correction framework that combines parametric physical modeling with machine learning. We evaluate the approach across three distinct training scenarios - each defined by a different set of acquisition parameters - to assess overall performance and the model's ability to generalize. Our experiments on Greenland's ice sheet using TanDEM-X data show that the proposed hybrid model corrections significantly reduce the mean and standard deviation of DEM errors compared to a purely physical modeling baseline. The hybrid framework also achieves significantly improved generalization than a pure ML approach when trained on data with limited diversity in acquisition parameters.
Mu'minah Musa Omir Abusweilem, Yasser Abdel Karim Al-Hourani, Ziad Mohammed Mehmud Ubeidat
تتجلى محاسن الدين الإسلامي في صور كثيرة منها صورة الوقف، فنظراً لاتساع مجالات الخير التي يشترطها الواقفون، كان من الضروري إنشاء مصرف وقفي مستقل يستوعب أوجه البر والتقوى المختلفة وإن فكرة البنك الوقفي نشأت من ضرورة توظيف الوقف لإنشاء مشروع يحقق مقاصد الوقف، ويعمل وفق النظام والأدوات والضمانات المصرفية المتعارف عليها، ويهدف إلى تجميع الأوقاف الصغيرة والمتفرقة في كيان جامع حيث لا يتيسر استثمارها منفردة. وجاءت هذه الاطروحة بهدف التعرف على مفهوم البنك الوقفي وأهدافه وإدارته وشروطه، والتعرف على الفرص الممكنة للنهوض بالبنك الوقفي على وجه يمكنه من دعم المجتمع في المسؤولية الاجتماعية بشكل تام. والوقوف على أبعاد العلاقة بين البنك الوقفي والمسؤولية الاجتماعية في إطار الاقتصاد الأردني. واتبعت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج منها: تعتبر الزكاة، والقروض الحسنة والتبرعات من خلال البنك وانشاء حسابات في المصرف أهم الموارد المالية لتمويل انشطة المسؤولية الاجتماعية وكذا جزء من أرباح المصرف. وتقسم اموال البنك الوقفي إلى قسمين، أولهما يوجه للتمويل الخيري عن طريق منح قروض حسنة والثاني يوجه الاستثمارات نحو حسابات اقتصادية، لضمان استمرارية البنك وتنميته وتوسعة نشاطه. إن توفر البنك الوقفي على منظومة متكاملة للرقابة الشرعية يعتبر ضرورة، كون البنك يعتبر بنك اسلامياً، كما أنه وقف، بالإضافة للمزايا الأخرى التي تحققها المنظومة كإعطاء الثقة للمتعاملين وغيرها. يهتم البنك الوقفي بتقديم تمويلات خيرية لهدف التعليم، الصحة، الزواج، القروض الموسمية، وهذا يكون مبدئيا ويمكن ان يتطور مع تطور البنك، وتطور حاجات المجتمع. وأوصت الدِّراسة بتشجيع استثمار أموال الوقف عن طريق البنوك الوقفية والاستفادة من دورها الاستثماري والرقابة الشرعية عليها.
Unseen is an essential component of the Muslim faith as mentioned in many verses in Qur’an and many Hadiths. Thus, the significance of having faith is to believe in something unseen. Accordingly, a belief in nothingness is simply a rejection of the belief in the unseen. It should be recalled here that Allah (S.W.T), Who has the full knowledge of the worlds of the seen and the unseen, has guaranteed the true believers great rewards. Allah (S.W.T) says: Indeed, those who fear their Lord Unseen will have forgiveness and great reward (Al-Mulk, 12). Scientists believe that the accurate image of the real ingredient can never be entirely understood in this physical Universe since humans are limited by their physical apparatuses. Hence, there must be other states, but humans have no apparatus to observe and understand them. What exactly does the unseen mean? Quantum physics, which had its bases at the beginning of the 20th century, is an extremely dedicated pattern of science, which unlike Newtonian physics investigates and clarifies how the whole thing in the visible world comes into being. It is fundamentally studying the nature of physical existence beginning at the subatomic, unseen, level. Additionally, quantum physics divides nature into two parts; on one side of the partition there is the observed system whereas there is the observer on the other side. One difficulty is where you place the isolating line, which relies upon who is doing the observation? More topical findings in quantum physics are rapidly mutating the world in an exceedingly extraordinary and optimistic manner. Unlike classical physics, awareness crosses the threshold of quantum theory and circumstance at the onset. Thus, there is no way to interpret quantum theory without in some way addressing awareness. Unambiguously, awareness takes an obvious and strong role. Otherwise stated, it is avoided by presenting the concept of hidden variables. They, generally, start with the assumption that the physical world should be dealt with unaccompanied by the human observer. The Many Worlds interpretation, consistently, is vital to quantum interpretations since it brings about the ultimate observer outside of space and time. This has obvious theistic implications; therefore, the theologians have not been very keen to attribute to Allah (S.W.T) the role of ultimate observer who brings the whole quantum Universe into being. Arguably, there are parallel Universes mentioned within the Qur’an that one does not have access to. These worlds are widely talked about within the Qur’an, the world of the unseen and seen, Allah (S.W.T) says in surah Al-Ra’d:9; “All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Greatest, the Highest”. Accordingly, believe in the Ghaib: literally means a thing not Seen. This investigation, with the aim of redirecting the focus of the scientists, emphasized that there are no discrepancies between some of Quantum physics’ interpretation and the belief in the unseen. Therefore, the systematic analysis posed by the authors in this study, through three Qur’anic examples, namely, Moses and Al- Khidr, Joseph (P.U.H) and regaining sight for Jacob (P.U.H) and Prophet Solomon’s death and the Jinns, attempt to analyze these apparently manifold subjects, with the purpose of analyzing the Qur’anic concepts and universalizing the perceptions of quantum physics.
Tousif Islam, Guglielmo Faggioli, Gaurav Khanna
et al.
We investigate the late-time tail behavior in gravitational waves from merging eccentric binary black holes (BBH) using black hole perturbation theory. For simplicity, we focus only on the dominant quadrupolar mode of the radiation. We demonstrate that such tails become more prominent as eccentricity increases. Exploring the phenomenology of the tails in both spinning and non-spinning eccentric binaries, with the spin magnitude varying from $χ=-0.6$ to $χ=+0.6$ and eccentricity as high as $e=0.98$, we find that these tails can be well approximated by a slowly decaying power law. We study the power law for varying systems and find that the power law exponent lies close to the theoretically expected value $-4$. Finally, using both plunge geodesic and radiation-reaction-driven orbits, we perform a series of numerical experiments to understand the origin of the tails in BBH simulations. Our results suggest that the late-time tails are strongly excited in eccentric BBH systems when the smaller black hole is in the neighborhood of the apocenter, as opposed to any structure in the strong field of the larger black hole. Our analysis framework is publicly available through the \texttt{gwtails} Python package.
Despite the widespread adoption of autoregressive language models, explainability evaluation research has predominantly focused on span infilling and masked language models. Evaluating the faithfulness of an explanation method -- how accurately it explains the inner workings and decision-making of the model -- is challenging because it is difficult to separate the model from its explanation. Most faithfulness evaluation techniques corrupt or remove input tokens deemed important by a particular attribution (feature importance) method and observe the resulting change in the model's output. However, for autoregressive language models, this approach creates out-of-distribution inputs due to their next-token prediction training objective. In this study, we propose a technique that leverages counterfactual generation to evaluate the faithfulness of attribution methods for autoregressive language models. Our technique generates fluent, in-distribution counterfactuals, making the evaluation protocol more reliable.
وحید شقاقی شهری, رضا اکبریان, سمیرا بصیری زاده
et al.
مقدمه و اهداف
در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، «رسالت نظام اسلامی عینیت بخشیدن به مبانی اعتقادی نظام اسلامی است». بنابراین نظام اسلامی بهمنظور دستیابی به این هدف، بایست در فرایند نهادسازی و طراحی سیستمهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی، همواره تأکید و توجه لازم را به مبانی اعتقادی نظام اسلامی، احکام اجتماعی اسلام، فقه حکومتی و عدالت اقتصادی داشته باشد. بدینترتیب سیستم بانکداری باید بهگونهای طراحی شود که مطابق با اهداف اقتصاد اسلامی و قانون اساسی کشور باشد.
از اینرو یکی از اهداف اقتصادی انقلاب اسلامی، حذف ربا از نظام بانکداری و سپس تحقق بانکداری اسلامی بوده است. در راستای اهداف نظام اقتصادی اسلام و قانون اساسی، با فاصله اندکی از پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی ایران، قانون بانکداری بدون ربا با هدف استقرار نظام پولی و اعتباری بر مبنای حق و عدل و تنظیم گردش صحیح پول و اعتبار در مجلس شورای اسلامی به تصویب رسید. با وجود این، آسیبشناسی نظام بانکی کشور نشان میدهد که با گذشت بیش از چهار دهه از تصویب قانون بانکداری بدون ربا، نظام بانکداری جمهوری اسلامی با چالشهای متعددی در پیادهسازی عقود اسلامی بهویژه عقد مشارکت مدنی مواجه است و هنوز از تحقق اهداف بانکداری اسلامی فاصله زیادی وجود دارد.
مقاله حاضر نیز با هدف: (1) بررسی عوامل نهادی و ساختاری مؤثر (درون و بیرون بانک) برای تحقق بانکداری اسلامی در کشور؛ و (2) طراحی مدل تکاملیگذار به بانکداری اسلامی در کشور و تعیین مؤلفههای بنیادین و روابط فرایندی این مدل براساس اهداف کلان، سیاستهای کلان، الزامات نهادی و ساختاری، راهبردها و سیاستهای اجرایی، مطالعه و تدوین شده است.
روش پژوهش
نظر به اینکه نظام بانکی، بهعنوان یک نهاد مهم مالی و پولی، نقش اساسی و کلیدی در ساختار اقتصادی هر کشوری دارد، بنابراین در مقاله حاضر تلاش میشود تحلیل تاریخی و نهادی از نظام بانکی کشور صورت گیرد و مشخص شود چه موانع ساختاری و نهادی برای تحقق بانکداری اسلامی در کشور وجود دارد.
از اینرو در این مقاله از مطالعات کتابخانهای که شامل کتب، پایاننامهها، مقالات فارسی و خارجی است جهت بررسی ادبیات موضوعی و مبانی نظری تحقیق استفاده شده است. براساس مطالعات انجامشده ابتدا در بخش مبانی نظری به سیر تاریخی بانکداری در ایران پرداخته شد و سپس تمامی قوانین و مقررات بانکی پیش و پس از پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی بررسی شد. در مرحله بعد از ترکیب «دو روش تحلیل محتوا و پرسشنامه» جهت پاسخ به سؤالات استفاده شده است. ابتدا با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، موانع و راهکارهای رسیدن به بانکداری اسلامی استخراج شدند. سپس این موانع و راهکارها استخراج شده، مبنای طراحی سؤالات پرسشنامه قرار گرفت و سرانجام پرسشنامه تکمیل و تحلیل شد.
جامعه آماری نیز مدیران و کارشناسان فعلی و سابق بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی و استادان و خبرگان در حوزه بانکداری و کارشناسان پژوهشکده پولی و بانکی بانک مرکزی هستند. نمونهگیری بهصورت تصادفی ساده بوده و حجم نمونه براساس فرمول کوکران می باشد. حجم نمونه نیز با توجه به نامحدودبودن حجم جامعه و همچنین، در دسترس نبودن واریانس جامعه مدنظر 384 نفر برآورد شد. همچنین برای تحلیل محتوا، تمامی منابع معتبر شناسایی و متنها بهدقت بررسی و واحدهای فکر آنها مشخص شد.
نتایج مقاله
براساس روش تحلیل محتوا، با بررسی تمامی متون نزدیک به 94 واحد فکر شناسایی شدند. سپس شروع به انجام مرحله بعد یعنی کاهش تعداد واحدهای فکر و شناسایی الگوهای میان آنها اقدام شد. واحدهای فکری که مترادف یا دارای معانی مشابه بودند، در کنار یکدیگر قرار گرفتند و جمعاً یک طبقه را تشکیل دادند. بهاینترتیب 43 طبقه شناسایی شدند که از این 43 طبقه، سؤالات پرسشنامه پژوهش استخراج گردید.
براساس نتایج بهدستآمده از روش تحلیل محتوا، چالشها و راهکارهای رسیدن به بانکداری اسلامی در چهار بخش شامل بخشهای نهادی−قانونی، اجرایی−نظارتی، مدیریتی−آموزشی، و درنهایت چالشهای فرهنگی استخراج شدند.
چالش اجرایی − نظارتی، عوامل مربوط به نقش نهادهای ناظر بر اجرای دقیق اصول بانکداری اسلامی و جلوگیری از صوری بودن برخی از عملیات بانکی است.
چالش نهادی − قانونی، عوامل مرتبط با زیرساختها و قوانین جهت رسیدن به بانکداری اسلامی را اشاره میکند.
چالش مدیریتی − آموزشی، عوامل مربوط به عدم آشنایی مدیران و کارشناسان و مردم با مبانی و اهداف اقتصاد اسلامی است.
چالش فرهنگی هم مربوط به فرهنگ حاکم بر جامعه و خواست عموم مردم جهت اجرای کامل بانکداری اسلامی است.
نتایج نشان میدهد بهترتیب چالشهای نهادی−قانونی با وزن و اهمیت 90/39 درصد، چالشهای اجرایی−نظارتی 60/27 درصد، چالشهای مدیریتی−آموزشی 68/23 درصد، و درنهایت چالشهای فرهنگی با اهمیت 82/8 درصد در مسیر تحقق اهداف بانکداری اسلامی اثرگذار هستند. همچنین در بخش راهکارهای تحقق بانکداری اسلامی، بهترتیب ضرورت، اصلاحات د رزمینه اجرایی−نظارتی با وزن 18/40 درصد، اصلاحات نهادی−قانونی 60/26 درصد، تقویت دانش مدیریتی−آموزشی 41/19 درصد و سرانجام بهبود مسائل فرهنگی 81/13 درصد راهگشا خواهند بود.
بحث و جمعبندی مقاله
نظام بانکی بهعنوان یک نهاد مهم مالی و پولی، نقش مهمی در ساختار اقتصادی هر کشوری دارد. لذا نتایج مقاله نشان میدهد که بهترتیب چالشهای نهادی و قانونی با وزن و اهمیت 90/39 درصد، چالشهای اجرایی و نظارتی 60/27 درصد، چالشهای مدیریتی و آموزشی 68/23 درصد، و سرانجام چالشهای فرهنگی با اهمیت 82/8 درصد در تحقق اهداف بانکداری اسلامی اثرگذار هستند. همچنین، در بین اصلاحات و راهکارهای تحقق بانکداری اسلامی، بهترتیب ضرورت اصلاحات در حوزه اجرایی و نظارتی با وزن 18/40 درصد، اصلاحات نهادی و قانونی 60/26 درصد، تقویت دانش مدیریتی و آموزشی 41/19 درصد و سرانجام بهبود مسائل فرهنگی 81/13 درصد راهگشا هستند. بنابراین طبق نتایج حاصله از مطالعه پیشنهاد میشود اولویت با مسائل زیر باشد:
راهکارهای دسته اجرایی−نظارتی (18/40 درصد) که سه مورد اولویتدار زیرمجموعه آن شامل اجرای واقعی عقود اسلامی بهویژه عقود مشارکتی، شفافسازی و سالمسازی شبکه بانکی کشور و ایجاد بانکهای تخصصی میباشند.
راهکارهای دسته نهادی−قانونی (60/26 درصد) که سه مورد اولویتدار زیرمجموعه آن شامل تقویت راهبری و کنترل بانکها، برنامهریزی و ایجاد نقشه راه و ایجاد زیرساختها و نهادهای لازم بهویژه بازنگری در قانون پولی و بانکی هستند.
راهکارهای دسته مدیریتی−آموزشی (41/19 درصد) که دو مورد اولویتدار زیرمجموعه آن شامل آموزش اهداف و مبانی اقتصاد اسلامی به مدیران، مردم و کارشناسان و همچنین، ایجاد مراکز تخصصی مشاوره و تأمین مالی است.
راهکارهای دسته فرهنگی (81/13 درصد) که شامل فرهنگسازی برای آشنایی با اصول و فرایندهای بانکداری اسلامی و تمایل به مشارکت واقعی مردم و عدمدریافت سود از پیش تعیین شده میباشد.
This study examines the involvement of Indonesian youth and Muslimphilanthropy NGOs in the promotion of inter-faith harmony throughcrowdfunding. Crowdfunding or online fundraising has been rapidly growing inIndonesia. It has been used to respond to various issues, among which is religiousviolence. Oftentimes, when radical acts happened in Indonesia, people turnedto crowdfunding to express inter-faith solidarity and support. This study drawsfrom the concept of networked social movement to explain the characteristicsof crowdfunding campaigns for inter-faith harmony. This concept highlightscontemporary online movements that are spontaneous, leaderless, and temporalin nature which is distinct from the well-organized movements commonly studiedby scholars. This study employs digital ethnography on campaigns that respondedto religious violence in the largest crowdfunding platform in Indonesia, Kitabisa,which is complemented by interviews with the campaign initiators and Muslimphilanthropy NGOs. This article argues that the characteristics of network social movement fit with the current youth generation that is assumed to be sociallyapathetic and more immersed in developing themselves and consuming media.Nevertheless, despite the spontaneous and temporal tenets, the youth’s inter-faithmovements were able to mobilize a significant number of donations and attractMuslim NGOs that were often perceived to be sectarian to support the inter-faithcampaigns. The findings of this study contribute to the studies on Indonesianyouth, Islamic philanthropy, and the state of inter-faith relations in Indonesia,which was argued to be experiencing a conservative turn.
For the detection of fire-like targets in indoor, outdoor and forest fire images, as well as fire detection under different natural lights, an improved YOLOv5 fire detection deep learning algorithm is proposed. The YOLOv5 detection model expands the feature extraction network from three dimensions, which enhances feature propagation of fire small targets identification, improves network performance, and reduces model parameters. Furthermore, through the promotion of the feature pyramid, the top-performing prediction box is obtained. Fire-YOLOv5 attains excellent results compared to state-of-the-art object detection networks, notably in the detection of small targets of fire and smoke with mAP 90.5% and f1 score 88%. Overall, the Fire-YOLOv5 detection model can effectively deal with the inspection of small fire targets, as well as fire-like and smoke-like objects with F1 score 0.88. When the input image size is 416 x 416 resolution, the average detection time is 0.12 s per frame, which can provide real-time forest fire detection. Moreover, the algorithm proposed in this paper can also be applied to small target detection under other complicated situations. The proposed system shows an improved approach in all fire detection metrics such as precision, recall, and mean average precision.
Mobarakol Islam, Lalithkumar Seenivasan, S. P. Sharan
et al.
Purpose: In curriculum learning, the idea is to train on easier samples first and gradually increase the difficulty, while in self-paced learning, a pacing function defines the speed to adapt the training progress. While both methods heavily rely on the ability to score the difficulty of data samples, an optimal scoring function is still under exploration. Methodology: Distillation is a knowledge transfer approach where a teacher network guides a student network by feeding a sequence of random samples. We argue that guiding student networks with an efficient curriculum strategy can improve model generalization and robustness. For this purpose, we design an uncertainty-based paced curriculum learning in self distillation for medical image segmentation. We fuse the prediction uncertainty and annotation boundary uncertainty to develop a novel paced-curriculum distillation (PCD). We utilize the teacher model to obtain prediction uncertainty and spatially varying label smoothing with Gaussian kernel to generate segmentation boundary uncertainty from the annotation. We also investigate the robustness of our method by applying various types and severity of image perturbation and corruption. Results: The proposed technique is validated on two medical datasets of breast ultrasound image segmentation and robotassisted surgical scene segmentation and achieved significantly better performance in terms of segmentation and robustness. Conclusion: P-CD improves the performance and obtains better generalization and robustness over the dataset shift. While curriculum learning requires extensive tuning of hyper-parameters for pacing function, the level of performance improvement suppresses this limitation.
Md Habibur Rahman, Taminul Islam, Md Masum Rana
et al.
Firewalls are critical components in securing communication networks by screening all incoming (and occasionally exiting) data packets. Filtering is carried out by comparing incoming data packets to a set of rules designed to prevent malicious code from entering the network. To regulate the flow of data packets entering and leaving a network, an Internet firewall keeps a track of all activity. While the primary function of log files is to aid in troubleshooting and diagnostics, the information they contain is also very relevant to system audits and forensics. Firewalls primary function is to prevent malicious data packets from being sent. In order to better defend against cyberattacks and understand when and how malicious actions are influencing the internet, it is necessary to examine log files. As a result, the firewall decides whether to 'allow,' 'deny,' 'drop,' or 'reset-both' the incoming and outgoing packets. In this research, we apply various categorization algorithms to make sense of data logged by a firewall device. Harmonic mean F1 score, recall, and sensitivity measurement data with a 99% accuracy score in the random forest technique are used to compare the classifier's performance. To be sure, the proposed characteristics did significantly contribute to enhancing the firewall classification rate, as seen by the high accuracy rates generated by the other methods.
Asef Islam, Anthony Ronco, Stephen M. Becker
et al.
The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of airway geometry as a biomarker for ASD. Chest CT images of children with a documented diagnosis of ASD as well as healthy controls were identified retrospectively. 54 scans were obtained for analysis, including 31 ASD cases and 23 age and sex-matched controls. A feature selection and classification procedure using principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) achieved a peak cross validation accuracy of nearly 89% using a feature set of 8 airway branching angles. Sensitivity was 94%, but specificity was only 78%. The results suggest a measurable difference in airway branchpoint angles between children with ASD and the control population. Under review at Scientific Reports
The essence of the problems in this study are: first, to determine the writing ability of students of class V MIN 11 Medan City. Second, to find out the teacher's strategy in improving students' writing skills through the habit of writing diaries in class V MIN 11 Medan City. Third, to find out the process of habituating the ability to write diaries in class V MIN 11 Medan City. This research is a qualitative research, which was conducted in class V MIN 11 Medan City, who acted as research subjects were students of class V MIN 11 Medan City, totaling 28 people. Data collection techniques in this study, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the findings and results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the habit of writing diaries in fifth grade students at MIN 11 Medan City has proven to have a positive impact on improving children's writing abilities when learning to write in Indonesian. The indicators that can be seen are from the 28 students in grade 20, some of them are already able to write essays coherently. Coherently means writing essays correctly, and other rules that are in accordance with the demands of learning to write essays. As for the habituation made by the teacher in improving students' writing skills in writing diaries, including instructing children to make a writing that tells memorable experiences for them in their diaries and instructing children to write down their daily activities both at home and at school into them diary.
Iwan Usma Wardani, I Wayan Lasmawan, I Wayan Kertih
This study aims to find out how the implementation of learning Social Sciences (IPS) in shaping student character and knowing the implementation / implementation of student character education at MI Hamzanwadi No 1 Pancor. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were Social Sciences (IPS) Teachers and Grade IV Elementary School Students with data collection techniques including interviews, observation, documentation, and content analysis. Data validity used data triangulation and method triangulation. The results of the study show that the process of implementing or applying Social Sciences (IPS) learning has been carried out properly in accordance with national education goals and then carrying out character education or forming the character of elementary school students in accordance with the cultural characteristics of the local community.
تأتي هذه الورقة مراجعة لمشروع نقدي وتأسيسي لعلوم القرآن من خلال كتاب (علوم القرآن نقد العلمية ومقاربة في البناء) لمؤلفه الدكتور محمود خليل محمود اليماني، وذلك بيانًا لأهم أطروحاته التي تمركزت على دراستين: أولاهما تتعلق بتقويم منهجي موسّع لعِلْم علوم القرآن وبيان وجوه الخلل المنهجي الحاصل فيه وكيفيات التعامل معه، وثانيتهما متعلقة بتقويم المنجَز في البناء المنهجي الحاصل للعلوم القرآنية، واقتراح رؤية جديد لبناء هذه العلوم، وقد اكتنف الكتاب في طياته نقاشًا منهجيًّا خلص مؤلفه إلى رؤية متكاملة لإعادة بناء علوم القرآن.
IoT devices are increasingly being implemented with neural network models to enable smart applications. Energy harvesting (EH) technology that harvests energy from ambient environment is a promising alternative to batteries for powering those devices due to the low maintenance cost and wide availability of the energy sources. However, the power provided by the energy harvester is low and has an intrinsic drawback of instability since it varies with the ambient environment. This paper proposes EVE, an automated machine learning (autoML) co-exploration framework to search for desired multi-models with shared weights for energy harvesting IoT devices. Those shared models incur significantly reduced memory footprint with different levels of model sparsity, latency, and accuracy to adapt to the environmental changes. An efficient on-device implementation architecture is further developed to efficiently execute each model on device. A run-time model extraction algorithm is proposed that retrieves individual model with negligible overhead when a specific model mode is triggered.Experimental results show that the neural networks models generated by EVE is on average 2.5X times faster than the baseline models without pruning and shared weights.
We generalize a complex heavy-quark potential model from an isotropic QCD plasma to an anisotropic one by replacing the Debye mass $m_D$ with an anisotropic screening mass depending on the quark pair alignment with respect to the direction of anisotropy. Such an angle-dependent mass is determined by matching the perturbative contributions in the potential model to the exact result obtained in the Hard-Thermal-Loop resummed perturbation theory. An advantage of the resulting potential model is that its angular dependence can be effectively described by using a set of angle-averaged screening masses as proposed in our previous work. Consequently, one could solve a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with a potential model built by changing the anisotropic screening masses into the corresponding angle-averaged ones, and reproduce the full three-dimensional results for the binding energies and decay widths of low-lying quarkonium bound states to very high accuracy. Finally, turning to dynamics, we demonstrate that the one-dimensional effective potential can accurately describe the time evolution of the vacuum overlaps obtained using the full three-dimensional anisotropic potential. This includes the splitting of different p-wave polarizations.