Hasil untuk "Industry"

David H. Autor, David Dorn, Gordon Hanson et al.

K. Masters

Joel K. Leidecker, A. V. Bruno

Yi-Hsuan Lin, Lalitphat Khongsomchit, Sakdirat Kaewunruen et al.

IntroductionBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates information-rich data with virtual representations to support the management of built assets throughout their lifecycle. While BIM is increasingly adopted in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries and demonstrates significant value in infrastructure projects; however, its application in the railway sector remains limited. The complexity of railway networks, combined with the growing demand for transit projects, presents unique challenges that hinder effective implementation.MethodsThis study investigates the barriers of BIM adoption within the railway industry through a structured questionnaire distributed to professionals and a subsequent detailed analysis of responses.ResultsThis study identifies critical gaps in current BIM practices and highlights several severe obstacles that require urgent attention. Feedback reveals key challenges across four main areas: (1) Technology, (2) Market, (3) Socio-cultural factors, and (4) Policy.DiscussionBy outlining these barriers and suggesting potential solutions, the study provides valuable insights for stakeholders and identifies future research directions to advance BIM integration in railway projects.

A. Hillman

Yue Yuan, Jonas Weber, Junzhu Li et al.

Abstract The semiconductors industry has put its eyes on two-dimensional (2D) materials produced by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) because they can be grown at the wafer level with small thickness fluctuations, which is necessary to build electronic devices and circuits. However, CVD-grown 2D materials can contain significant amounts of lattice distortions, which degrades the performance at the device level and increases device-to-device variability. Here we statistically analyse the quality of commercially available CVD-grown hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) from the most popular suppliers. h-BN is of strategic importance because it is one of the few insulating 2D materials, and can be used as anti-scattering substrate and gate dielectric. We find that the leakage current and electrical homogeneity of all commercially available CVD h-BN samples are significantly worse than those of mechanically exfoliated h-BN of similar thickness. Moreover, in most cases the properties of the CVD h-BN samples analysed don’t match the technical specifications given by the suppliers, and the sample-to-sample variability is unsuitable for the reproducible fabrication of capacitors, transistors or memristors in different batches. In the short term, suppliers should try to provide accurate sample specifications matching the properties of the commercialized materials, and researchers should keep such inaccuracies in mind; and in the middle term suppliers should try to reduce the density of defects to enable the fabrication of high-performance devices with high reliability and reproducibility.

Dan Su, Qianmin Li, Xin Lai et al.

Immune inflammation is one of the main factors in the pathogenesis of depression. It is an effective and active way to find more safe and effective anti-inflammatory depressant drugs from plant drugs. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of marine plant Sargassum pallidum (Turn).C.Ag. (Haihaozi, HHZ) in the prevention and treatment of depression and to explain the related mechanism. Phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloids, terpenes, and organic acids are the main constituents. In vitro and in vivo activity studies showed the anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effect of Sargassum pallidum, furthermore, confirmed that 7-Hydroxycoumarin, Scoparone, and Kaurenoic Acid are important plant metabolites in Sargasum pallidum for anti-neuroinflammation. Mechanism exploration showed that inhibition of ERK1/2/p38 inflammatory signaling pathway contributing to the antidepressant effect of Sargassum pallidum in reducing intestinal inflammatory levels. This study confirmed the value of Sargassum pallidum and its rich plant metabolites in anti-inflammatory depression, providing a new choice for the follow-up research and development of antidepressant drugs.

José Escurra, Francisco P. Ferreira, Tomás R. López et al.

Lactic acid is a compound used industrially due to its properties. There are two methods for its production: chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. In microbial fermentation, food industry waste can be used as a substrate, providing a route towards achieving a circular economy. Thus, this study evaluated different substrates for <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> growth, a lactic acid producer, such as molasses, whey, glucose, and saccharose, either alone or supplemented with additional nutrients. Bacterial growth parameters were assessed using OD₆₂₀ measurement. It was shown that whey supplemented with yeast extract supported the best growth, allowing a μ_max = 0.63 h⁻¹.

V.V. , T.O. , I.H.

The article reveals the problems that arose in the field of foreign trade policy formation and implementation as a result of the Russian invasion of the territory of Ukraine. Foreign trade is one of the components of the formation of the national economy, and its state affects the gross national product, the country's balance of payments and other socio-economic indicators of the country's development. Using the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, an analysis of the commodity and geographical structure of foreign trade in goods was carried out before and after the full-scale invasion of Russia into the territory of Ukraine. The consequences of the changes that occurred in the structure of export-import operations were analyzed. Reduction of export and import volumes for almost all groups of goods and reduction of shares of all regions of the world in favor of EU countries. The leading place in the product structure of exports is occupied by goods of agricultural industry, and in imports – mineral products. The directions for the formation of state policy in the field of regulation of foreign trade operations in the short-term, medium-term and strategic dimensions, which are determined by the National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War, are substantiated. Foreign trade policy, which is formed under the influence of risks and threats of war, is aimed at developing and increasing the volume of foreign trade with EU countries and the USA, Japan and Canada. The priority areas of foreign trade development are: defense-industrial complex; metallurgy and metalworking; agro-industrial complex; engineering; mining industry; furniture and woodworking industries. An important place is also defined for the development of innovative enterprises and knowledge-intensive production, which will ensure the transition to a developing economy.

Ian Domowitz, R. Hubbard, Bruce C. Petersen

Sailun GAI, Xiaojie CHEN, Tao LING et al.

In this study, five strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and two strains of Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) isolated from infants were used as experimental bacteria and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as control strain. The gastrointestinal tolerance of these strains were evaluated through acid resistance test, bile salt resistance test, hydrophobicity test, automatic aggregation ability test and cell adhesion test. L. rhamnosus SW-02, the best effective strain in tolerance evaluation, was co-cultured with intestinal organoids. The morphology and growth status of organoids were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, and the budding rate was calculated. The proliferation status of organoids was evaluated by EdU staining. The mRNA levels of the proliferation marker Ki67, intestinal stem cell marker Lgr5 and tight junction protein Zo-1 were measured by real-time PCR. The level of MUC2 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that compared with other strains, L. rhamnosus SW-02 had strong acid resistance. SW-02, SW-03 and SW-X had strong bile salt resistance. LGG, SW-01, SW-02, SW-04 and TX-02 had high hydrophobicity to xylene. For automatic aggregation capability, SW-01 was the strongest, followed by SW-02. The adhesion test of HT-29 cells showed that SW-01, SW-02 and SW-03 had high adhesion ability. When SW-02 was co-cultured with intestinal organoids, SW-02 significantly (P<0.05) increased the budding rate and number of organoids, and promoted the growth of organoids. Compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of Ki67, Lgr5 and Zo-1 in SW-02 group were significantly increased, and the secretion of MUC2 was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, L. rhamnosus SW-02 has good gastrointestinal tolerance and the ability to promote the growth of intestinal organs, and can be used as a potential strain for the development of probiotic products in the future.

Ibrahim Alameri, Jitka Komarkova, Tawfik Al-Hadhrami et al.

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are used in a variety of research areas, including the military, industry, healthcare, agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT), transportation, and smart cities. The swift advancement in MANET technology is the driving force behind this rising adoption rate. Routing over MANET is a critical problem due to the dynamic nature of the link qualities, even when nodes are static. A key challenge in MANETs is the need for an efficient routing protocol that establishes a route according to certain performance metrics related to the link quality. The routing protocols utilised by the nodes in WMNs and MANETs are distinct. Nodes in both types of networks exchange data packets through the routing protocols. For this highly mobile network, the ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been suggested as a possible solution. Recent years have attracted researchers’ attention to AODV since it is a routing technique for ad-hoc networks that prevents looping. The architecture of this routing protocol considers several factors, including the mobility of nodes, the failure of connection links, and the loss of packets. In this systematic review, one of the key focuses is bringing attention to the classic AODV, which was developed after discussing the recent development of several versions of AODV. The AODV routing protocol performs a path strength check to generate a more reliable and secure route between the source and destination nodes. In AODV, investigations demonstrate advances in both the format protocol approach and the network simulation-2 (NS-2), and these improvements were made in the same scenario used to revitalise AODV. It has been discovered that the AODV is more effective in several aspects, such as throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy consumption, jitter, packet loss ratio, and network overhead. Furthermore, this paper presents this systematic review based on AODV modifications in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). It also provides a methodological framework for the papers’ selection.

William L. Ury, J. Brett, S. Goldberg

Kyungtae Yeom, Changhyeon Song, Kwangsoo Shin et al.

In the medical device industry, which is highly value-added and requires multidisciplinary knowledge, major global firms dominate the market, so it is necessary to establish a growth strategy suitable for latecomers. Through a Korean case, it was confirmed that import, diversification, and R&D activity are distinguishing strategies. The existing literature covers these strategies, but these findings are fragmented and differ from those of latecomers. This study examined the impact of the above factors on corporate growth, based on data of 440 Korean medical device manufacturers from 2011 to 2016. According to the results of panel data regression, diversification and R&D activity have a positive effect on the financial performance of a firm, while the import business model shows a negative effect. These results are expected to provide implications with respect to strategies for the growth of latecomers in the medical device industry. In future research, it is necessary to investigate how detailed strategies in accordance with the growth stages of a firm can be established.

P. Ingram, Joel A. C. Baum

Steffen Kinkel

J. Lewellen