Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Freddy G. Ganse, Lena M. Ernst, Cristina Rodríguez et al.

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies suggest an association between air pollution and ventricular arrhythmias, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) playing a crucial role. However, the causal relationship and long-term effects remain uncertain, and the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing ROS requires further investigation. Here we aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-weeks exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) on ventricular arrhythmogenesis, explore the underlying mechanisms, and assess the potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NP) as a ROS-detoxifying intervention. Results Sprague–Dawley rats underwent intratracheal instillation of saline without or with DEPs (7.5 g/Kg for 1–3 weeks). Ventricular arrhythmia inducibility was then assessed in isolated hearts using a protocol of programmed electrical stimulation. Cardiac hypertrophy, collagen content, inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed using histology, Western blot, RT-qPCR, and measurement of malondialdehyde content. The potential protective effects of CeO2NP (0.5 mg/Kg/week, i.p.) were also tested. DEP exposure for 3 weeks increased the incidence and duration of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs), a finding that correlated with a moderate increase in interstitial collagen (from 3.11 ± 0.12% in controls to 4.80 ± 0.21% in DEP-exposed rats, p < 0.001), and an early upregulation in the expression of collagen and other fibrotic and inflammatory markers. These effects associated with prolonged QRS complex and enhanced malondialdehyde content (356.7 ± 21.2 vs. 455.3 ± 17.2 μmol/g tissue, p = 0.0066) after 3 weeks. CeO2NP treatment reduced oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis, reversed electrocardiographic changes and attenuated DEP-induced pro-arrhythmic effects. Conclusions DEP exposure increases the incidence and duration of sustained VTs, collagen deposition and oxidative stress in rats. Treatment with CeO2NP attenuate these effects, arising as a potential novel strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of air pollution.

Hoffman Miranda de Oliveira, Magno Nunes Farias, Grasielle Silveira Tavares

Considerando que os efeitos da contemporaneidade no território e nas relações comunitárias abrangem problemáticas sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais, neste artigo, objetivou-se suscitar um debate sobre as repercussões do neoliberalismo e da globalização na participação social dos sujeitos. A partir de discussões de diferentes autores dos campos das Ciências Sociais, da Filosofia e da Geografia, buscou-se compreender a potência da atuação da Terapia Ocupacional com base nos conhecimentos sobre território e comunidade, que podem oferecer um rico repertório em prol da promoção da participação social — quando apreendidos a partir da crítica às lógicas capitalistas do neoliberalismo e da globalização. Assim, entender a complexidade das repercussões sociais contemporâneas nas vivências dos sujeitos, individuais e coletivas, é fundamental para o pensar/fazer terapêutico-ocupacional, tornando possível o fortalecimento de processos que combatam e subvertam a globalização neoliberal — a fim de caminharmos para a promoção de encontros solidariamente orgânicos.

Joanne Lusher, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, Jorma I. Virtanen et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a source of mental stress, particularly for special populations. The present study identified the associations between emotional distress and HIV status among adults in 152 countries during the first wave of the pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study that gathered data via an online survey carried out between July and December 2020. The dependent variable was emotional distress (frustration/boredom, anxiety, depression, loneliness, anger, or grief/feeling of loss), and the independent variable was HIV status (positive or negative). The confounding factors were sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education level, and employment status). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between the independent and dependent variables after adjusting for confounders. Of the 16,866 participants, 905 (5.4%) reported living with HIV. Of these, 188 (20.8%) felt frustrated/bored, 238 (26.3%) anxious, 160 (17.7%) depressed, 148 (16.4%) lonely, 84 (9.3%) angry, and 53 (5.9%) grief/a sense of loss. Individuals living with HIV had higher odds of feeling anxious (AOR:1.64), depressed (AOR:1.80), and lonely (AOR:1.35) when compared to people living without HIV. This study reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate emotional stress for those living with HIV, and the system in which COVID-19 impacts emotional health among different sociodemographic groups introduces further complexities regarding this observed effect.

Yiqun Mo, Luke Mo, Yue Zhang et al.

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that individuals with preexisting conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM), are more susceptible to air pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we proposed that a high glucose setting enhances ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced macrophage activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altering the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). Results Exposure of mouse alveolar macrophages to non-cytotoxic doses of PM2.5 led to upregulation of IL-1β, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, increased nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-9; these effects were enhanced when cells were pretreated with high glucose. However, pretreatment in a high glucose setting alone did not induce significant changes. ROS generation following PM2.5 exposure was abolished when cells were pretreated with ROS scavengers such as Trolox and superoxide dismutase (SOD), or with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, DPI. Pretreatment of cells with DPI attenuated the effects of a high glucose setting on PM2.5-induced upregulation of IL-1β, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In addition, enhancement of PM2.5-induced expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-9 following high glucose pretreatment was not observed in primary alveolar macrophages obtained from NLRP3 or IL-1R1 knockout (KO) mice, where pro-IL-1β cannot be cleaved to IL-1β or cells are insensitive to IL-1β, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that exposure of mouse alveolar macrophages to PM2.5 in a high glucose setting enhanced PM2.5-induced production of IL-1β through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear translocation of NF-κB due to PM2.5-induced oxidative stress, leading to MMP-9 upregulation. The key role of NADPH oxidase in PM2.5-induced ROS generation and activation of the IL-1β secretion pathway and the importance of IL-1β secretion and signaling in PM2.5-induced increases in MMP-9 enzymatic activity were also demonstrated. This study provides a further understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of individuals with DM to air pollution and suggests potential therapeutic targets.

Andrea Fabiana Albino, Sara Daneri

El artículo presenta los inicios en la fundación de la Asociación Argentina de Terapistas Ocupacionales, su desarrollo, acciones realizadas y la conformación actual. Asimismo, da cuenta de la organización profesional en el territorio nacional argentino a partir de la creación de dicha Asociación, en 1962, hasta la conformación de la Red Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional en el año 2016. Se menciona cómo se organiza el sistema de salud en Argentina, para comprender sus particularidades al momento de constituirse las organizaciones de profesionales. También expone las articulaciones de la Asociación con otros actores y organismos públicos en las acciones que lleva adelante. Se enuncian algunas de las gestiones desarrolladas por la Asociación, así como otras realizadas de forma colectiva con las organizaciones profesionales que conforman la Red Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional.

Aulia Indar Ayuningtyas, Sjahrul Meizar Nasri

Introduction: The work process of the Painting Area in a Manufacturing Company can pose a risk to physical and chemical health hazards for workers. Hazard analysis and identification, exposure assessment, and risk assessment  are, therefore, needed to protect the health of workers from these health hazards, which can later be used as a basis to determine appropriate controls so as not to have a negative impact on workers’ health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hazards and their impacts on workers’ health through hazard identification measures, exposure assessments, risk assessments and control recommendations. Methods: Health Risk Assessment of physical and chemical hazards in the Painting Area was undertaken using a semi-quantitative method by calculating a risk assessment matrix using the guidelines from IPIECA & OGP in 2016. Results: Physical hazards were found in the form of lighting hazards, vibrations (arm vibration and whole body vibration), noise and heat pressure. Meanwhile, chemical hazards were found in the form of thinner vapor, solvent, NaNO3, H2SO4, NaOH, H3NSO4 and indoor air quality (CO, NO2, SO2, H2S). The results of the risk assessment matrix obtained 4 levels of risk hazards, consisting of 11.1% in the first priority, 50% in the second priority, 25.9% in the third priority and 12.9% in the condition that did not require immediate action. Conclusion: Physical and chemical health hazards were at 4 levels based on the calculation of risk control priorities. A hierarchy of risk control could be used to reduce the risk of health hazards. Keywords: health risk assessment, ipieca & ogp 2016, painting area, risk assessment matrix

Tomasa María Esther Linares Fernández, Jesús Salvador Hernández Romero

Hace más de un año ya que la humanidad sufre los estragos, aún considerables y por momentos crecientes, de la pandemia del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causante de la COVID-19. Las cifras de contagios en el mundo superan los 127 millones y los fallecidos son más de 2,7 millones; hemos tenido noticias sobre el fallecimiento de reconocidas figuras internacionales, políticos, artistas y deportistas, también lamentablemente, numerosos profesionales sanitarios enfrascados en el cumplimiento del deber. Pero no habíamos tenido que sufrir la partida de alguien cercano y, lamentablemente, el pasado 25 de febrero sucedió, perdimos al Doctor en Ciencias de la Salud Nino Pedro del Castillo Martín, quien fuera un eminente Profesor e Investigador de nuestro Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Trabajadores de la Repúbica de Cuba.

Jenny Andrea Beltrán Torres, Ivonne Constanza Valero-Pacheco, Miguel Antonio Hernández Rodiño et al.

La incapacidad temporal es el beneficio asistencial y económico que se le reconoce a trabajadoras y trabajadores cotizantes del sistema de seguridad social por la afectación en su capacidad laboral e implica ausentismo y asistencia para el retorno al trabajo. El objetivo de esta revisión es explorar las concepciones, los sujetos y las situaciones protegidas por esta prestación en diferentes países. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en bases de datos y sitios web oficiales de Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Perú, Ecuador, México, España y Portugal. Para el análisis se diseñaron matrices y un cuadro descriptivo con identificadores normativos; los hallazgos se organizaron en categorías. Se encontraron semejanzas en los elementos conceptuales, eventos y sujetos de protección. Las diferencias están en los requisitos y duración. La incapacidad temporal es un beneficio universal y finito reconocido como un derecho laboral y de la seguridad social. Por su impacto económico y social, debe ser estudiada desde la gestión en salud y de los riesgos laborales para el diseño de planes y programas, así como de estrategias regionales con enfoque de equidad, considerando la ocupación y el ámbito laboral.

Tsimaratut Tahrirah

A profession as a teacher of schools of disabled children (SLB) is one of the jobs that can cause work stress. Teachers at SLB need more patience, attention, and special skills than teachers in ordinary schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mental workload and work stress on SLB teachers in Jombang. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. The samples in this study were three out of nine SLBs in Jombang that were chosen through random sampling. The data collection was done by using a questionnaire filled by 33 respondents. The questionnaire included the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) questionnaire to measure mental workload, and The National Union of Teacher (NUT) Stress Survey to measure work stress on SLB teachers in Jombang. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between mental workload and work stress (p-value = 0.049 and r = 0.360). In conclusion, most SLB teachers in Jombang are female and are in the age group of young adults. The Background Education of SLB teachers mostly comes from non-Special Education (PLB) department and the majority of them were new and had been teaching for years. According to the result of this study, the mental workload of SLB teachers in Jombang was at a moderate level, and their work stress was in the low category. Mental workload is one of the factors that can cause work stress on SLB teachers in Jombang. Keywords: mental workload, SLB teachers, work stress

Fara Lizenda Permatasari, Noeroel Widajati

Musculoskeletal disorders were occurred in any workers, one of them are informal sector worker such as home industry in Surabaya. Works were still done manually in home industry can cause Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Some of the causes of musculoskeletal disorders were work attitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between work attitude against musculoskeletal disorders. This research was an observational descriptive research with cross sectional design. Work attitude were measured using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) The samples of this study were 20 workers who work in home industry. Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and correlation value Phi and Creamers V. The results showed that there were correlations between the work attitude with musculoskeletal disorders. Work attitude had a moderate correlation with correlation value 0.394.The conclusion of this study was work attitude had correlation with musculoskeletal disorders on home industry workers in Surabaya. High-risk work attitude can occur by poor work station condition. Keywords: home industry, musculoskeletal disorders, work attitude

Rodolfo Morrison Jara, Dr, Enrique Henny K, Silvia Gómez Lillo

La conceptualización del constructo ocupación en la Terapia Ocupacional Latinoamericana es muy diversa y varía dependiendo de la región y el idioma. Objetivo: la presente revisión bibliográfica narrativa pretende dar cuenta del uso y la conceptualización del constructo ocupación en la revista científica de Brasil Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional (antiguamente nombrada como Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Federal de San Carlos). Método se emplea una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, seleccionando artículos que emplearon el término ocupación en el título, el resumen o dentro de las palabras clave desde los primeros artículos disponibles en formato on line hasta el año 2014. Resultados: siete artículos discuten el concepto de ocupación de forma teórica o práctica. Conclusiones: Se observa que existe una gran diversidad en el uso del constructo, y que, por lo general, se cuestiona su pertinencia cultural en el contexto brasileño.

Bruno Oliveira, A. C. Alves, P. Carneiro et al.

The markets globalization erased commercial boundaries and increased the competitiveness of companies all around the world. This competitiveness has forced companies to improve their processes and operations, as well as, their management relationships with suppliers and customers. Emerging from this progress, several needs led to the development of Lean Production (LP) – which proved to be effective in the waste reduction and efficient in providing production flexibility. Through its implementation, LP allows the increase of workers’ involvement, their safety and health. The main goal of this paper is to present how LP and Ergonomics improve not only the company productivity, but also the health and safety of the workers throughout continuous improvement processes. This was achieved in a project which purpose was to improve the consumables supply strategies, taking place in an electric mobility company. The implementation of LP tools in this industrial context resulted in improved productivity, reduced cost, enhanced and more efficient operations. This outcome was possible with a synergetic engagement of workers resulting in their ergonomic working conditions improvement.

S. Tappura, J. Kivistö-Rahnasto

Introduction: Assessing and developing managers’ safety competence is one method for achieving high safety performance in the organisations. Objectives: The aim of this study is to construct a safety management competence development framework to help organisations in safety promotion. Materials and methods: This study comprises a theory-based construction of the safety management competence development framework and   an empirical study in a case organisation. Results: The framework consists of definition of safety management competence requirements, self-assessment of the competence, definition of development needs, and implementation of competence development activities. Conclusions: The framework provides the means for systematically improving managers’ safety management competence as an integral part of general management competence development procedures in organisations.

Karol Vanessa Martínez Naranjo, Estefanía Vergara Buriticá

Los acontecimientos históricos entre las décadas del cincuenta y sesenta del siglo XX provocaron una serie de condiciones sociopolíticas y culturales que hicieron posible un mayor ingreso de la mujer a la educación, que si bien promulgaba aires modernistas, en la práctica seguía reproduciendo patrones culturales ortodoxos asignados tradicionalmente a su sexo, como el de esposa y madre. No obstante, el transcurrir de los años traería consigo fuertes cambios, produciendo con ello la modificación progresiva de las nociones de ser mujer en la sociedad colombiana. Aquí se refieren, desde una perspectiva de género, las diversas ocupaciones y opciones educativas a las que atendieron las mujeres de estos decenios, principalmente en Santiago de Cali, además de resaltar el papel relevante del género femenino, de acuerdo con un ideal mariano y piadoso, en la implementación de organizaciones de servicio social y educación que velaban por el bienestar de los desamparados.

José Roberto dos Santos, Stephany Conceição Correia Alves Guedes Reis, Monique Carla da Silva Reis et al.

<p>As doenças cardiovasculares são responsáveis pela crescente morbidade e mortalidade no Brasil que causam incapacidades e dificuldades no desempenho ocupacional de cardiopatas, além de apresentar declínio na qualidade de vida devido ao avanço da doença e às complicações presentes no organismo. Este estudo se propôs a identificar a percepção da qualidade de vida por pacientes cardiopatas em seis domínios, os quais podem interferir nas atividades cotidianas destes. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa transversal quantitativa com 21 pacientes cardiopatas internados em um hospital na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas. Foi utilizado o instrumento genérico de qualidade de vida Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham e análise de regressão linear multivariada, adotando-se o valor de p&lt;0,05 para as variáveis estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados mostraram que os domínios habilidades físicas, dor, sono e reações emocionais apresentaram significância estatística. Conclui-se que a percepção da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, dos sujeitos pesquisados, mostrou-se negativa.  Portanto, diante desta observação, o terapeuta ocupacional, após avaliar a qualidade de vida desta população do estudo, terá subsídios para intervir com atividades propícias para a melhora na qualidade de vida de pacientes cardiopatas.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p><br />In Brazil, cardiovascular diseases are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality, disability and difficulties in occupational performance of heart disease patients as well as shown a decline in quality of life due to disease progression and complications present in the body. This study aimed to identify the perception of cardiac patients for quality of life in six areas, which may interfere in their daily activities. Therefore, we carried out a quantitative cross-sectional study of 21 cardiac patients admitted to a hospital in the city of Maceió, Alagoas. We used the generic instrument of quality of life of Nottingham Health Profile and multivariate linear regression, adopting p &lt;0.05 for statistically significant variables. The results showed that the domains physical abilities, pain, sleep and emotional reactions presented statistical significance. We conclude that the perception of quality of life related to health of the subjects surveyed proved negative. So, on this observation, the occupational therapist, after evaluating the quality of life in this kind of population, will have subsidies to intervene with appropriate activities to improve the quality of life of cardiac patients.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Quality of Life, Occupational Therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases. <br /> <br /><strong>Resumen</strong> <br /> <br />Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son responsables de la mayor morbilidad y mortalidad en Brasil, que causan discapacidades y dificultades en el desempeño ocupacional de pacientes cardíacos y disminución en la calidad de vida debido al adelanto de la enfermedad y las complicaciones presentes en el cuerpo. Este estúdio propuesta identificar la percepción de la calidad de vida para los pacientes con enfermedades del corazón en seis áreas, que pueden interferir con las actividades cotidianas.  Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa con 21 pacientes ingresados en un hospital en la ciudad de Maceió, Alagoas. Se utilizó el instrumento genérico perfil de salud de Nottingham y se realizó el análisis de regresión lineal multivariante, adoptando el valor de p&lt;0.05 para las variables estadísticamente significativa. Los resultados mostraron que las habilidades físicas de los dominios, dolor, sueño y reacciones emocionales mostraron significación estadística. Parece que, la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los sujetos encuestados mostraron negativo. Por lo tanto, en esta nota, el terapeuta ocupacional, después de evaluar la calidad de vida de esta población de estudio, tendrá que intervenir con actividades conducentes a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedades del corazón.</p><p><strong>Palabras Claves:</strong> Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano, Terapia Ocupacional, Nervio Mediano. <br /><br /></p>

Solángel García Ruiz, Clara Duarte Cuervo, Jaqueline Cruz Perdomo et al.

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Enrique Henny

La Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional ha dedicado este número a la publicación de artículos relacionados con la Teoría de Integración Sensorial, que aporta un cuerpo de conocimientos desde la neurociencia, para las intervenciones de Terapia Ocupacional en todo el mundo, contribuyendo a la comprensión del ocuparse y sus expresiones en la conducta. Así, enriquece la mirada de los profesionales, y de quienes reciben la intervención, sean ellos niños, niñas, padres, madres, cuidadores, adultos; y los que colaboran en ellas, tales como profesionales de la educación y de la salud...

Clara Duarte Cuervo

Whittingham Andrew, Guest Robert, Harris Chris et al.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Nanotechnology is the new industrial revolution of the 21st Century as the various processes lead to radical improvements in medicine, manufacturing, energy production, land remediation, information technology and many other everyday products and applications. With this revolution however, there are undoubted concerns for health, safety and the environment which arise from the unique nature of materials and processes at the nanometre scale.</p> <p>The in vitro assays used in the screening strategy are all validated, internationally accepted protocols and provide a useful indication of potential toxicity of a chemical as a result of effects on various toxicological endpoints such as local site of contact (dermal) irritation, general cytotoxicity and mutagenicity.</p> <p>The initial in vitro screening strategy described in this paper to investigate the potential health implications, if any, which may arise following exposure to one specific application of nanoparticulate cerium oxide used as a diesel fuel borne catalyst, reflects a precautionary approach and the results will inform judgement on how best to proceed to ensure safe use.</p>

A. Machis, J. Geyer