Surya Aymanda Nababan, Aditya Darma, Muhammad Ricky Hardiyansyah
This study aims to examine the use of historical sites in the city of Medan as a source of learning local history for students of the History Education Study Program, the Islamic University of North Sumatra (UISU). The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the type of field research. The research subjects consist of students and lecturers teaching local history courses. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data was analyzed using an interactive model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn, and was tested for validity through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study show that the use of historical sites in the city of Medan in learning local history has been carried out, but it has not been systematically integrated in lecture planning. Sites such as Maimun Palace, Al-Mashun Grand Mosque, Tjong A Fie Mansion, and the Kesawan area are used as contextual learning resources that can increase students' interest in learning, active engagement, and understanding of local history. Historical site-based learning also has a positive impact on the development of students' historical thinking skills and fosters awareness of the importance of preserving local cultural heritage. However, this study found several obstacles, including limited lecture time, the lack of optimal integration of field activities in the Semester Learning Plan, and the lack of academic guidance for historical site-based learning. This study recommends the need to develop an integrated and sustainable historical site-based local history learning model to improve the quality of history learning in higher education.
Abstract As socially assistive robots (SARs) become increasingly integrated into aged care, it becomes essential to ask: how do these technologies affect caregiving work? Do SARs foster or diminish the conditions conducive to meaningful work? And why does it matter if SARs make caregiving more or less meaningful? This paper addresses these questions by examining the relationship between SARs and the meaningfulness of care work. It argues that SARs should be designed to foster meaningful care work. This presupposes, as we will argue, empowering caregivers to enhance their skills and moral virtues, helping them preserve a sense of purpose, and supporting the integration of caregiving with other aspects of caregivers’ personal lives. If caregivers see their work as meaningful, this positively affects not only their well-being but also the well-being of care recipients. We begin by outlining the conditions under which work becomes meaningful, and then we apply this framework to caregiving. We next evaluate how SARs influence these conditions, identifying both opportunities and risks. The discussion concludes with design recommendations to ensure SARs foster meaningful caregiving practices.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Abstract As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into everyday life as general-purpose multimodal AI systems, their capabilities to simulate human understanding are under examination. This study investigates LLMs’ ability to interpret linguistic pragmatics, which involves context and implied meanings. Using Grice’s communication principles, we evaluated both LLMs (GPT-2, GPT-3, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard) and human subjects (N = 147) on dialogue-based tasks. Human participants included 71 primarily Serbian students and 76 native English speakers from the United States. Findings revealed that LLMs, particularly GPT-4, outperformed humans. GPT-4 achieved the highest score of 4.80, surpassing the best human score of 4.55. Other LLMs performed well: GPT-3.5 scored 4.10, Bard 3.75, and GPT-3 3.25; GPT-2 had the lowest score of 1.05. The average LLM score was 3.39, exceeding the human cohorts’ averages of 2.80 (Serbian students) and 2.34 (U.S. participants). In the ranking of all 155 subjects (including LLMs and humans), GPT-4 secured the top position, while the best human ranked second. These results highlight significant progress in LLMs’ ability to simulate understanding of linguistic pragmatics. Future studies should confirm these findings with more dialogue-based tasks and diverse participants. This research has important implications for advancing general-purpose AI models in various communication-centered tasks, including potential application in humanoid robots in the future.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
<p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the only surviving protocol of the Rorschach test, which was conducted by A.R. Luria as part of aphasia research. The study, performed in 1933, was aimed at investigating the role of speech in behavior in patients with organic brain lesions. Patient Avt. suffered from amnestic aphasia, unilateral hemianopsia, and disorders of the cognitive and emotional spheres associated with the late stage of neurosyphilis. A.R. Luria made a detailed individual plan of examination of Avt. and used the Rorschach test cards to reveal the patient's ability for voluntary speech and analysis of visual images. The article presents a transcription and modern interpretation of Auth's protocol, which demonstrates the peculiarities of the patient's perception and thinking: fragmentary images, difficulties in integrating visual stimuli, internal speech disorders, as well as reliance on autobiographical memories and a tendency to “self-recognition”. Hemianopsia hampered the perception of symmetrical Rorschach patches, and cognitive impairment limited the ability to think coherently and form coherent images. Nevertheless, individual patient responses indicated that basic perception was preserved, which was analyzed in detail. The analysis revealed increased anxiety, dysphoria, and hypochondria in Auth's responses. The final part of the article discusses subsequent references to the Rorschach test in A.R. Luria's works and his negative attitude toward using this technique in neuropsychology, given its greater suitability for analyzing the emotional and personal sphere.</p>
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
В статье рассматривается студенческий период в биографии крупного отечественного историка и теоретика искусства, культуроведа Иеремии Исаевича Иоффе (1888–1947). Автор опирается на ряд материалов из Центрального государственного исторического архива Санкт-Петербурга, Центрального государственного архива Санкт-Петербурга, Центрального государственного архива историко-политических документов Санкт-Петербурга, Центрального государственного архива литературы и искусства Санкт-Петербурга, многие из которых впервые вводятся в научный оборот. Важнейшими источниками исследования являются студенческие дела И. И. Иоффе из фондов Психоневрологического института и Герценовского института, где он учился в 1917–1923 гг. Особое значение имеют его матрикулы, т. к. они позволяют уточнить номенклатуру изучавшихся им дисциплин и персоналии его преподавателей. Анализ этих материалов позволяет автору статьи констатировать, что срок обучения в Психоневрологическом институте был слишком коротким, чтобы учеба там могла рассматриваться в качестве определяющей для складывания научной манеры И. И. Иоффе. Выводы, делающиеся на этот счет в историографии, зачастую кажутся малообоснованными. Учеба в Герценовском институте, напротив, вполне могла оказать существенное влияние на стиль научного мышления И. И. Иоффе. Определенно, его патронами в дальнейшем выступали его педагоги из Герценовского института: Василий Алексеевич Десницкий и Борис Александрович Фингерт.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Hundreds of thousands of hectares of bushland and accompanying biodiversity were lost over a few short weeks during the Black Summer fires of 2019–2020 along the east coast of Australia. On the night of 19 December 2019, fire swept up the escarpment from the coast, slowed down with the thick understory of temperate rainforest and burnt through the lower dry sclerophyll forest on Plumwood Mountain. The aftermath of the bare, burnt landscape meant a significant change in the structure and diversity of vegetation, while the consequences of the fire also brought about fundamental changes to Plumwood as a conservation and heritage organisation. Plumwood Mountain as a place, the individual plumwood tree as an agentive being, Val Plumwood as a person and Plumwood as an organisation are all an entangled form of natureculture and indicative of a practice-based conservation humanities approach. Conservation as part of the environmental humanities can offer an alternative to mainstream models of conservation with the potential to instigate active participation on the ground, engaging in a different form of stewardship.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The paper examines the moral and didactic aspects of lyrical and satirical poet Yakub Mahir’s poetry, who wrote and worked in the second half of the 22th and early 21th centuries in the literary milieu of Shaki city (Azerbaijan). The main object of the research is the moral and didactic aspects in the Yagub Mahir’s poetry. The moral views of the poet, his lyrical works are analysed by subject and genre. The author studies the presentation of various topics based on an ideal idea. The relevance and scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact, that this is the first study of moral views in the Yagub Mahir’s creativity – the national poet and representative of the Shaki literary milieu.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This study aims to determine the perception of historical education students at Syiah Kuala University (USK) towards online learning in terms of several indicators, namely learning materials and evaluation questions, community, online lecturers, collaboration opportunities, and multimedia. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological research. The subjects of this research were USK history education students batch 2018. Data collection was carried out by interview. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the materials and evaluation questions were available and could be downloaded by students. Have a community to learn and discuss together. Students are more inclined to video conference-based media in the implementation of online learning, namely Google Meet with Google Classroom as a forum for collecting assignments. The use of media has not been maximized.
Based on social exchange theory, this research developed a theoretical model on the impact of the internal corporate social responsibility (ICSR) of platform enterprises on employee innovation performance. Based on 414 employee data from 56 platform enterprises, hierarchical linear modeling was employed to test the model at two time points. The results revealed that the ICSR of platform enterprises has a significant positive effect on employee innovation performance, and employee intrapreneurship mediates the relationship; that is, the ICSR of platform enterprises promotes employees’ innovation performance by stimulating their intrapreneurship. Employees’ moral identity can also positively moderate the relationship between the ICSR of platform enterprises and employee intrapreneurship; the stronger the employees’ moral identity is, the stronger the positive impact of the platform’s ICSR is on the employees’ intrapreneurship. The relationship between the ICSR and employee innovation performance was clarified under platform economics. The current conclusions can guide platform enterprises’ innovation and sustainable development efforts.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
The social sciences and digital humanities have recently adopted the machine learning technique of topic modeling to address research questions in their fields. This is problematic in a number of ways, some of which have not received much attention in the debate yet. This paper adds epistemological concerns centering around the interface between topic modeling and linguistic concepts and the argumentative embedding of evidence obtained through topic modeling. It concludes that topic modeling in its present state of methodological integration does not meet the requirements of an independent research method. It operates from relevantly unrealistic assumptions, is non-deterministic, cannot effectively be validated against a reasonable number of competing models, does not lock into a well-defined linguistic interface, and does not scholarly model topics in the sense of themes or content. These features are intrinsic and make the interpretation of its results prone to apophenia (the human tendency to perceive random sets of elements as meaningful patterns) and confirmation bias (the human tendency to perceptually prefer patterns that are in alignment with pre-existing biases). While partial validation of the statistical model is possible, a conceptual validation would require an extended triangulation with other methods and human ratings, and clarification of whether statistical distinctivity of lexical co-occurrence correlates with conceputal topics in any reliable way.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Luana Maria Santos da Silva Ayres, Tanise Paula Novello
A satisfação profissional é um dos fatores que mais influência no bem-estar das pessoas. No trabalho docente não é diferente, ou seja, o professor que está satisfeito com sua escolha e prática profissional tem mais chances de desenvolver bem-estar, que é evidenciado na docência pela dedicação, contentamento e felicidade que o professor expressa no exercício da docência. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as motivações dos professores em relação à docência em matemática. A produção de dados aconteceu por meio de um questionário online, com 94 professores de matemática de escolas públicas. O questionário foi organizado em três eixos: variáveis sociodemográfica e laborais; dez questões fechadas; e uma questão aberta: “O que você diria a um jovem que está fazendo a escolha pela licenciatura em matemática? Registre teus sentimentos e percepções a partir do que tens vivenciado na tua prática”. Porém, nesse trabalho será contemplado somente 30 relatos da questão aberta, que, através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), definiu um discurso intitulado “Motivações dos Professores” que versa sobre as motivações que os professores sentem em relação a prática docente. Pela análise do DSC constatou-se que os professores, embora exista uma desvalorização da profissão, conseguem sentir prazer em lecionar, percebem que são importantes no processo de formação dos estudantes, e conseguem, através de metodologias diferenciadas, mostrar o encanto da matemática para os discentes. Com os resultados deste trabalho, acredita-se que os sentimentos positivos em relação a profissão não apenas são importantes para a saúde do professor, mas refletem também no seu desempenho em sala de aula.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Lady Adaina Ajayi, Faith Osasumwen Olanrewaju, Adekunle Olanrewaju
et al.
This paper evaluates the connecting fabric between gendered violence and human rights through the dire lenses of widowhood rites in Oshimili-North Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria. This evaluation stems from the Sustainable Development Goal-5 whose aim is the eradication of all forms of discrimination against women as well as harmful practices. Hinged on the theories of cultural relativism and universalism, the paper provides information on the existence of dehumanizing cultural practices related with widowhood rites despite the enactment of human rights instruments that are expected to address this form of discrimination targeted mostly against women. In-depth interviews were conducted among widows who voluntarily shared their experiences. Findings show widows’ acceptability of widowhood practices despite their educational and financial status notwithstanding. Also worthy of note is that women are perpetrators of these widowhood rites and they ensure its strict compliance among other widows. It recommends the dire need of the Nigerian government to domesticate the global rights regime into its legal framework, education of the populace through the interpretation, appropriation and the reconstructing of these transnational discourses into the indigenous and ensure that, effective monitoring mechanisms are in place to guarantee the effective protection of this vulnerable population.
El presente artículo es un acercamiento a la trayectoria de los jóvenes escritores al interior de El Oásis, primer periódico exclusivamente literario de Medellín, surgido durante el radicalismo liberal, más específicamente bajo la hegemonía conservadora gestada en Antioquia durante dicho periodo. En él se expresan y se analizan los papeles ejercidos por tales figuras juveniles desde dos funciones; primeramente a partir de su rol de receptores, en la medida en que el mismo periódico, desde su nacimiento, ocupó como uno de sus principales objetivos la instrucción de las nuevas generaciones, producto de las constantes reestructuraciones sociales, culturales y económicas que atravesaba el estado antioqueño por aquella época. Subsecuentemente se estudia el papel de los jóvenes como colaboradores, teniendo en cuenta que una mínima fracción de ellos precisó de algunas publicaciones, tanto a favor como en contra de determinadas posturas de los fundadores de El Oásis. Así pues, este texto constituye una exposición lineal de los escenarios en los que se desempeñó la juventud directa o indirectamente, haciendo un paralelo con la biografía del periódico mientras se examina la configuración del joven ideal, a partir de la óptica de las personalidades hegemónicas de El Oásis.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Henry Acuña Barrantes, Fátima Llamas Salguero, Verónica Lopez
El artículo presenta los resultados descriptivo - cualitativo en investigación realizada con población de 1009 estudiantes entre 16 a 35 años que estudian bajo la modalidad virtual en la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada de Colombia (FAEDIS); el objetivo principal fue investigar la relación entre creatividad y memoria visual en la modalidad virtual. Se evaluó mediante cuestionarios: test de Turtle y estilos de aprendizaje. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes para ingresar a esta modalidad deben tener altos niveles de creatividad y una buena memoria visual, la cual es empleada cuando se piensa en imágenes.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Science (General)
Bilder der Abfahrt und der Ankunft sind eng verknüpft mit Ein- und Auswanderung. Zahlreiche historische Fotografien zeigen beispielsweise die aus Istanbul ab- und in München ankommenden türkischen „Gastarbeiter*innen“ der 1960er Jahre. Bahnhöfe, Züge, Menschen mit Koffern, Unordnung, Neugier und Angst prägen diese dokumentarischen Aufnahmen. Dabei wird das medial verbreitete Bild des überfüllten Bahnhofs zum Topos einer Migration ohne tatsächliche Ankunft in der Gesellschaft – wie auch der Koffer zum repräsentativen Symbol des Einwanderers schlechthin geworden ist. Pendants zu diesen Ankunftsbildern bilden Aufnahmen aus den 1980er Jahren, als türkischen „Gastarbeiter*innen“ hohe Rückkehrprämien geboten wurden. Fotografen wie Brigitte Kraemer oder Manfred Vollmer begleiteten die Familien bei ihrem Auszug aus ihren Wohnungen. Diese nunmehr historischen medialen Szenarien sollen im Beitrag zeitgenössischen Fotografien von Geflüchteten und ihrer Ankunft in Deutschland gegenübergestellt werden: Wie unterscheiden sich die historischen und zeitgenössischen fotografischen Repräsentationen von Einwanderern und Asylsuchenden? Gibt es vielleicht eine übergreifende Bildsprache für den transitiven Zustand der Einwanderung? Welche Zuschreibungen formulieren die Aufnahmen? Und kann die Kunst hier eine Gegenposition einnehmen?
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Literature (General)
Eugeniusz Misiło, comp. and ed., with an intro. Akcja “Wisła” 1947: Dokumenty i materiały. Warsaw: Archiwum Ukraińskie and Management Academy Group, 2012. 1246 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Documents section. Appendices section. Biographies sections. Miscellaneous lists. English-language summary. Indexes. Cloth.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Too much in the present to be legitimately regarded as “history”, yet too important to be ignored by scholars, the cultural history of digital networking remains a largely unexplored field of study. The present article seeks to connect the reasons for this lack of interest in the subject to the difficulties which historians face when approaching it. By piecing together the fragments of a history that for the most part still awaits being written—yet not always by taking historical–cultural works as a starting point—the author suggests some key moments, crucial themes, critical points and possible future developments.