Hasil untuk "History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia"

John Hines

Ryder C. Patzuk-Russell

This article reviews the two most recent English-language translations of medieval sagas of Icelandic bishops, both from 2021: Margaret Cormack's The Saga of St. Jón of Hólar, published with the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, and Theodore M. Andersson's Bishops in Early Iceland, published with the Viking Society for Northern Research. Both translations represent valuable new contributions to the field. In addition to a critical overview of these texts, the article overviews the history of English translations of the genre of medieval Icelandic bishops' sagas.

Leidulf Melve

Samandrag Artikkelen diskuterer det lokalhistoriske tidsskriftet Heimen frå 1995 til 2022. Utgangspunktet er den allereie skisserte utviklinga til tidsskriftet frå grunnlegginga i 1922 til 1994, men merksemda er først og fremst retta mot korleis Heimen møtte spørsmål og utfordringar som eit nytt tusenår målbar. Ei kvantitativ analyse av alle hovudartiklane i tidsskriftet i perioden (1995–2022) dannar eit grunnlag for å diskutere profilen til Heimen ved også å dra inn redaksjonelle programforpliktingar og debattar om tidsskriftet så vel som einskilde artiklar som tek opp lokalhistorie som felt.

Maarten Rombouts, Paola Brodej

Up until now there wasn't a Dutch translation of Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića, the famous Croatian book for children, written in the early 1900's by the celebrated author Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić. It tells the universal story of an orphaned boy who is abused by his guardian and decides to escape which leads him on a seven-day journey. This article discusses the translation process and the choices made with a focus on the position of children's literature and its translation within the field of literary translations. In adult literature the goals of the authors are mainly literary, in children's literature the didactic and educational aspect is also included. A translator of children's literature has to take into account the different characteristics and functions of a book written for children which gives more freedom, but can also cause conflicts between the different function of a children's book. The translators of Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića decided to stay as close as possible to the source but to implement adaptations that help the process of identification of the reader and the readability. The main focus of this article is on the translation of the meaningful names of the characters mainly using a naturalising strategy, trying to find a functional equivalent name which has, through sound or emotion, a similar effect as in the source text. Also adaptions in wording and phrasing were needed to bring an early twentieth century book to the twenty first century.

Harald Johannes Krøvel

Samandrag Denne artikkelen freistar å analysere kva posisjon omgangsskulelæraren hadde i norske bygder før midten av 1800-talet i forhold til den påståtte kulturelle todelinga i ein embetsmannskultur og ein bondekultur. Er det rimeleg å seie at skulehaldaren inntok ein posisjon mellom desse to kulturane? Gjennom analysen av ein konflikt mellom bønder og styresmakter i Vågå tidleg på 1800-talet vert maktaspekt ved posisjonen til skulehaldarane tematisert. Sjølv om skulehaldaren kan seiast å stå i ein mellomposisjon i kraft av å vere i ein relasjon til presten, forankra i den såkalla hustavle-ideologien, var denne posisjonen ikkje nødvendigvis stadfesta innanfor bondekommunale arenaer. Førekomsten av ulike ideologiar og maktprinsipp innanfor bygdesamfunnet gjer såleis at posisjonen til skulehaldaren ikkje var nokon eintydig mellomposisjon. For dei fleste var dessutan stillinga som skulehaldar avgrensa i tid til perioden før ein gifta seg og stifta levebrød, noko som gav mellomposisjonen deira ein flyktig karakter. Skulehaldarar som gjorde lærarstillinga til ein livsveg, kunne likevel – gjerne gjennom utviklinga av ein personleg relasjon til presten – akkumulere tilstrekkeleg kulturell kapital til at ein posisjon mellom embetsmanns- og bondekulturen vart fastare og meir stabil. Uansett gjorde førekomsten av ein slik posisjon som skulehaldaren representerte, at forholdet mellom dei to kulturane i det store og heile vart mindre skarpstilt enn det ein gjerne har sett føre seg.

Susanne M. Arthur

ABSTRACT: The nineteenth-century Icelandic manuscript Lbs 220 fol. contains transcriptions of Fóstbræðra saga copied from Möðruvallabók (AM 132 fol.) and Hauksbók (AM 544 4to), stanzas from the saga based on various manuscripts, and comments on the text. It was written by Konráð Gíslason and later used as the basis for his printed edition of the saga, published in 1852. This article explores Konráð Gíslason’s criticism of Gunnlaugur Oddssonʼs edition and examines the methods Konráð used to produce what he considered a better edition of the text in his 1852 Fóstbræðra saga—taking into account that manuscript evidence, extant letters, and printed sources all indicate that the volume as it exists today was incomplete, and not what Konráð had envisioned. Yet Konráð Gíslason’s edition illustrates how ideologies—editorial, philosophical, and political—influence the works of editors and publishers, from the eighteenth century to this very day.

Eva Pitronová

This paper deals with the poetic oeuvre of one of the most enigmatic Norwegian poets, Ellen Einan. Altogether, she published 14 poetry collections between 1978 and 2009. All of them are characterized by an automatic writing technique, specific metaphorical images and complicated language constructions. In this article, which is based on my diploma thesis, I focus on modernist and surrealist elements in the work of Einan. These are mainly manifested in the composition of the text in regards to its obvious incoherence, in the way the author composes new words, but also in motives such as connection between sleep, game and death. In the last section, I point to Einan's elaboration of the uncanny and the disturbing, convulsive beauty. In this sense, she can be compared to female surrealist poets.

Sabine Voda Eschgfäller

The article deals with the influence of Johann Christoph Gottsched on the so-called first Austrian learned society of Enlightenment, the "Societas eruditorum incognitorum in terris Austriacis" and its scientific journal named "Monathliche Auszüge alt, und neuer Gelehrten Sachen". Gottsched was not just a member of the learned society in Olomouc, but also took part in the activities oft he journal: in 1748 for instance he published an essay on the development of Austrian literature since the Middle Ages and supervised the production of the publication in Leipzig, since the journal had to move away from Moravia because of political issues. But even before he had been an important factor for the choice of (German) language used in the journal.

Aleš Urválek, Erkan Osmanović

Lars Thue

Boris Blahak

Numerous historical open air festivals with Hussite topics in Eastern Bavaria demonstrate that the Hussite wars (1419–1436) have left a deep impact in the collective memory of the region. The picture of the Bohemians developed since the late 19th century is – depending on the current political circumstances – subject to constant change until today. In 1983 the festival Vom Hussenkrieg (Neunburg vorm Wald) for the first time broke with the hitherto very reserved, partly confrontational tendencies towards the Czech neighbors. Its author, Peter Klewitz, tried to create an objective picture of the Hussite era and called for understanding 'the other side'. This impulse to collective action is, in this case, significantly transported by the language of the drama: the dialect(s) of Eastern Bavaria. By means of the dramatic text the article tries to focus on the dramaturgical possibilities of using regional language(s) of the festival region in regard to the integrative aims of the historical festival as a literary genre in order to initiate or modify certain perspectives on the common Bavarian-Bohemian history of the border region.

Jana Adamusová, Karsten Rinas

Christian Pudor's grammar book has not received a lot of attention, despite its importance as the first German grammar book, which gives a syntactically based theory on punctuation. Our paper focuses on another aspect of his book, that of Pudor's very specific and progressive way of visualizing of the text structure. Nowadays, it is typical to use a linear system of numbering. Pudor used numbering in combination with a system of brackets on the page margin, which often cross multiple pages. These brackets are supposed to visualize the logical structure of the text, and its layers and substructures. We can compare this two-dimensional system with a similar attempt by Gottlob Frege in the field of Logic. Frege developed a notational system for logical formulas which is two-dimensional in space, unlike the contemporary linear way, which originates in the notation of Peano and Russell. Although the usage of semiotic possibilities for text structuring did not develop chronologically, and the structural elements are used at different times with various intensities, it is obvious, that the linear approach was more successful. It is worth discussing why this is so and whether we can be inspired by those more complex structural systems now that there are better technical possibilities.

Lill-Ann Körber

Sylvie Stanovská

Roland Nagy

It is well-known that borrowed words are often recognisable for native speakers due to certain non-native characteristics. Loan phonemes may also function as such nonnativeness markers, which means that native speakers are aware of the peripheral status of these segments within the native phonology. In this survey, I examined the perception of six Dutch loan consonants ([g], [ɲ], [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ]) by Dutch native-speakers and Hungarian second language learners. I argued that, similarly to native speakers, second language learners were able to perceive the marginal status of Dutch loan phonemes, and that this competence would show a certain development during the course of their study. I conducted a magnitude estimation experiment with 52 Hungarian university students of Dutch, 27 native speakers of Dutch and 11 non-Dutch speaking Hungarians. In the survey, participants had to listen to 21 minimal pairs of Dutch pseudo-words, and had to assess the "Dutchness" of each pseudoword relative to its minimal pair. As one word in each minimal pair contained a loan phoneme, it had been expected that these would be judged "less Dutch" than their counterparts. The first part of the hypothesis was justified by the data. The correlation between the results of the group of Hungarian second language learners and the group of Dutch native speaker was higher than that between the students and the non-Dutch speaking Hungarians. However, there was no clear relationship found between the length of language study and nativelike performance. Further longitudinal experiment is needed to support this part of the hypothesis.

Tuchtenhagen, Ralph

Aleksandar Ignjatović

Lena Karlström

Jitka Jindřišková

The article Apocalypse as a Penalty for Indifference deals with repeating motifs in the work of the contemporary Norwegian author Johan Harstad. It is focused on the short-story collection Ambulanse (2002) and the novels Buzz Aldrin (2005), Hässelby (2007) and Darlah (2008). The most important motif of Harstad's work is the so called help motif which expresses the need of love. Everyone needs to love someone and to be loved by someone. According to this concept love is the opposite of indifference. The help motif changes throughout Harstad's books. The first two books are rather optimistic, but the last two end with an apocalypse which comes as a penalty for indifference in both human relations and social problems. The most alarming problem for Harstad is a brutal and meaningless war which has fatal consequences for human psyche. To warn against the indifference Harstad uses some motifs of science fiction literature: journey into space, dystopia and doppelgänger. The article researches the connection among all these motifs.