Hasil untuk "History of France"

W. Benjamin

E. Mayr, W. Provine

Adi Simhi, Fazl Barez, Martin Tutek et al.

How does the conversational past of large language models (LLMs) influence their future performance? Recent work suggests that LLMs are affected by their conversational history in unexpected ways. For instance, hallucinations in prior interactions may influence subsequent model responses. In this work, we introduce History-Echoes, a framework that investigates how conversational history biases subsequent generations. The framework explores this bias from two perspectives: probabilistically, we model conversations as Markov chains to quantify state consistency; geometrically, we measure the consistency of consecutive hidden representations. Across three model families and six datasets spanning diverse phenomena, our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the two perspectives. By bridging these perspectives, we demonstrate that behavioral persistence manifests as a geometric trap, where gaps in the latent space confine the model's trajectory. Code available at https://github.com/technion-cs-nlp/OldHabitsDieHard.

Mélanie Saulnier, Necmi Aksoy, Claire Arnold et al.

The European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a long-lived conifer of ecological, cultural, and historical importance across Eurasia. Despite its remarkable resilience, wide distribution, and symbolic importance, the species has experienced a long-term decline due to a complex interplay of climatic fluctuations, megafaunal extinctions, human exploitation, and insufficient regeneration. Recent studies in palaeoecology, archaeology, dendroecology, and conservation have revealed a species with greater ecological plasticity and a broader historical distribution than previously assumed. However, many fundamental questions remain unresolved, particularly regarding its biogeographical history, population dynamics, recruitment processes, and the drivers of its decline.This review stems from prior investigations of yew in the French Pyrenees and, more broadly, across Europe. These efforts led to a transdisciplinary seminar and opened a collaboration uniting >30 researchers across Eurasia. By synthesizing a wide array of data and perspectives, the article highlights key knowledge gaps and outlines emerging research priorities. These are organized thematically—past, present, and future—and include 25 questions on the species' ecological niche, life-history strategies, human interactions, genetic resilience, and conservation under global change. The article advocates for a shift towards integrative and long-term conservation strategies that embrace the historical legacies of yew populations, the general ecology of the species along with local ecological context dependence, and the urgency of future threats. By identifying pressing research needs, this review seeks to lay the foundation for new collaborative initiatives and to support evidence-based conservation of this emblematic yet understudied species.

J. Roujeau, P. Bioulac-Sage, Catherine Bourseau et al.

Komala Subramanyam Cherukuri, Pranav Abishai Moses, Aisa Sakata et al.

Oral histories are vital records of lived experience, particularly within communities affected by systemic injustice and historical erasure. Effective and efficient analysis of their oral history archives can promote access and understanding of the oral histories. However, Large-scale analysis of these archives remains limited due to their unstructured format, emotional complexity, and high annotation costs. This paper presents a scalable framework to automate semantic and sentiment annotation for Japanese American Incarceration Oral History. Using LLMs, we construct a high-quality dataset, evaluate multiple models, and test prompt engineering strategies in historically sensitive contexts. Our multiphase approach combines expert annotation, prompt design, and LLM evaluation with ChatGPT, Llama, and Qwen. We labeled 558 sentences from 15 narrators for sentiment and semantic classification, then evaluated zero-shot, few-shot, and RAG strategies. For semantic classification, ChatGPT achieved the highest F1 score (88.71%), followed by Llama (84.99%) and Qwen (83.72%). For sentiment analysis, Llama slightly outperformed Qwen (82.66%) and ChatGPT (82.29%), with all models showing comparable results. The best prompt configurations were used to annotate 92,191 sentences from 1,002 interviews in the JAIOH collection. Our findings show that LLMs can effectively perform semantic and sentiment annotation across large oral history collections when guided by well-designed prompts. This study provides a reusable annotation pipeline and practical guidance for applying LLMs in culturally sensitive archival analysis. By bridging archival ethics with scalable NLP techniques, this work lays the groundwork for responsible use of artificial intelligence in digital humanities and preservation of collective memory. GitHub: https://github.com/kc6699c/LLM4OralHistoryAnalysis.

Zefanya Bramantasaputra, Dea Daniella Wangsawijaya, Bharathram Ganapathisubramani

The present study experimentally investigates the recovery of smooth-wall turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) following non-equilibrium pressure gradients (PGs). The imposed pressure gradient history (PGH) comprises favourable-adverse pressure gradient (FAPG) sequences of varying strength, followed by recovery to zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) conditions. Hot-wire anemometry measurements were obtained at multiple downstream stations in the recovery region, with friction Reynolds numbers $Re_τ$ ranging from 2000 to 6000 depending on downstream development. Comparative analysis at matched $Re_τ$ and Clauser pressure gradient parameter $β$ enables clear assessment of history effects on TBL behaviour. Results show that increasing PGH strength enhances the wake in mean velocity profiles and amplifies turbulence intensities across the boundary layer, including the inner peak, logarithmic region, and outer peak (a signature of APG). Downstream, the mean flow gradually recovers toward a ZPG-like state, but turbulence in the outer region retains a lasting impact of PGH. Spectral analysis indicates that PGH primarily affects outer-layer scales, introducing a distinct PG peak and modifying the VLSM peak - with energy amplification dependent on PGH strength and spatial characteristics governed by history effects. Downstream recovery involves merging of large-scale wavelengths and the reorganisation of turbulence structures toward a ZPG-like state - although the `recovered' VLSM streamwise length becomes shortened due to the mixing of lengthscales with the PG peak. These results demonstrate that even under matched local parameters, TBLs retain a clear imprint of their upstream history, consistent with the findings of Preskett et al. (2025); moreover, this study provides new insights regarding the central role of scale interactions in the recovery mechanism of TBL subjected to complex PGH.

Chen Zhang, Bo Hu, Weidong Chen et al.

While large language models (LLMs) have proven effective in leveraging textual data for recommendations, their application to multimodal recommendation tasks remains relatively underexplored. Although LLMs can process multimodal information through projection functions that map visual features into their semantic space, recommendation tasks often require representing users' history interactions through lengthy prompts combining text and visual elements, which not only hampers training and inference efficiency but also makes it difficult for the model to accurately capture user preferences from complex and extended prompts, leading to reduced recommendation performance. To address this challenge, we introduce HistLLM, an innovative multimodal recommendation framework that integrates textual and visual features through a User History Encoding Module (UHEM), compressing multimodal user history interactions into a single token representation, effectively facilitating LLMs in processing user preferences. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed mechanism.

Harumi Shirai, Naoko Saito-Sato, Naoko Saito-Sato et al.

Patients with A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) presenting with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms are rare, and available reports are limited. Here, we describe a patient with HA20, previously followed up as Behçet disease, who presented with CNS symptoms in adulthood. A 38-year-old Japanese male who had been followed up for incomplete Behçet disease at another hospital since 28 years of age presented to our hospital with acute-onset diplopia and persistent hiccups that were severe enough to cause vomiting. Despite suspicion of neuro-Behçet disease on the basis of the patient’s medical history, a definitive diagnosis could not be made. He experienced transient episodes of diplopia over a short period, and brain magnetic resonance imaging T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images revealed nonspecific hyperintensities in the cerebral white matter. He was initially managed with low-dose prednisolone and colchicine but continued to experience low-grade fever, recurrent oral ulcers, and genital ulcers. A gene panel test for periodic fever syndromes revealed a variant in the TNFAIP3 gene, showing a c.259C>T nonsense variant. As previous reports have described the same variant in patients with HA20, the patient was diagnosed with HA20. The patient’s response to glucocorticoids and colchicine therapy was limited, and his symptoms improved upon initiation of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy. The variant showing a c.259C>T nonsense variant in the TNFAIP3 gene has been previously reported in China and France, making this the first report in Japan, which is considered a rare instance of HA20 with CNS involvement.

Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Anish Ghoshal, Theodoros Papanikolaou

Considering inflationary magnetogenesis induced by time-dependent kinetic and axial couplings of a massless Abelian vector boson field breaking the conformal invariance we show in this article that, surprisingly, the spectral shape of the large-scale primordial magnetic field power spectrum is insensitive to the post-inflationary history, namely the barotropic parameter ($w$) and the gauge coupling functions of the post-inflationary era.

Weizhi Tang, Vaishak Belle

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown a promise and emergence of Theory of Mind (ToM) ability and even outperform humans in certain ToM tasks. To evaluate and extend the boundaries of the ToM reasoning ability of LLMs, we propose a novel concept, taxonomy, and framework, the ToM reasoning with Zero, Finite, and Infinite Belief History and develop a multi-round text-based game, called $\textit{Pick the Right Stuff}$, as a benchmark. We have evaluated six LLMs with this game and found their performance on Zero Belief History is consistently better than on Finite Belief History. In addition, we have found two of the models with small parameter sizes outperform all the evaluated models with large parameter sizes. We expect this work to pave the way for future ToM benchmark development and also for the promotion and development of more complex AI agents or systems which are required to be equipped with more complex ToM reasoning ability.

G. Aad, E. Aakvaag, B. Abbott et al.

A statistical combination of various searches for pair-produced leptoquarks is presented, using the full LHC Run 2 (2015–2018) data set of 139 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV. All possible decays of the leptoquarks into quarks of the third generation and charged or neutral leptons of any generation are investigated. Since no significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed in any of the individual analyses, combined exclusion limits are set on the production cross-sections for scalar and vector leptoquarks. The resulting lower bounds on leptoquark masses exceed those from the individual analyses by up to 100GeV, depending on the signal hypothesis.

Ritchie Robertson

Schiller’s play Die Jungfrau von Orleans (The Maid of Orléans, 1801) is a response to Voltaire’s Pucelle, but not a straightforward antithesis. Schiller agreed with Voltaire’s religious scepticism. Nor is it adequate to contrast Voltaire’s poem with Schiller’s play as the antithesis of Enlightenment versus Romanticism. What Schiller objected to in Voltaire, as is made clear in the treatise Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung (On Naïve and Sentimental Poetry, 1795), was that his wit too often failed to address the emotions. Schiller’s own testimony that his play was intended to speak to the heart is confirmed by the enthusiastic emotional response it received from contemporary audiences. Since 1945, however, German commentators have been uncomfortable with the patriotic call to arms issued by Schiller’s heroine and with her energetic slaughter of enemy soldiers (in contrast to the historical Jeanne, who did not fight). Some commentators have played down the historical and political content, maintaining that Johanna enacts a tragic drama of commitment, fall from grace and redemption, and becomes a sublime heroine. Some excuse her slaughter as necessary obedience to God’s will. This essay argues that Johanna’s patriotic mission is relatively unproblematic and her religious calling highly problematic. Johanna’s eagerness to repel the English invaders understandably appealed to German audiences who had recently witnessed the brutal French occupation of Germany’s western provinces. Her religious mission, however, seems suspect when she ascribes it both to the voice of God and to spirits speaking to her from the ‘Druid tree’ near her home, and when she shows a desire for personal glory. Citing the slaughters recounted in the Old Testament (and sharply criticised by Voltaire), Johanna embodies the religious fanaticism (Schwärmerei) that the Enlightenment deplored. Behaving like a killing machine, she loses her personal autonomy. Her use of Catholic imagery also makes her suspect, in view of Schiller’s consistent opposition to Catholicism. Her subsequent experiences embody a psychological development, rendered plausible by Schiller’s medical knowledge, which cures her fanaticism, restores her personal autonomy and replaces her egoism with humility. When she is captured by the English, she appeals directly to God and is rewarded by a miracle that enables her to join in the fighting and save the life of the king of France. Mortally wounded, she dies amid her admiring compatriots (another departure from history). Schiller did not simply dismiss religious belief. Following Hume rather than Voltaire, he understood it as emotional projection, in which valuable feelings were directed towards an imaginary object. In Johanna’s development, her emotions are redirected towards the liberation of her country and purified of their egoistic taint. Although often loosely described as ‘Romantic’, the play belongs to an area of literary history intermediate between the Enlightenment and Romanticism, and often lamely called préromantisme or Spätaufklärung, which demands further investigation.

S. Mayo, J. Bogner, P. Boyce

Franziska Grathwol, Christian Roos, Dietmar Zinner et al.

Adulis, located on the Red Sea coast in present-day Eritrea, was a bustling trading centre between the first and seventh centuries CE. Several classical geographers—Agatharchides of Cnidus, Pliny the Elder, Strabo—noted the value of Adulis to Greco-Roman Egypt, particularly as an emporium for living animals, including baboons (Papio spp.). Though fragmentary, these accounts predict the Adulite origins of mummified baboons in Ptolemaic catacombs, while inviting questions on the geoprovenance of older (Late Period) baboons recovered from Gabbanat el-Qurud (‘Valley of the Monkeys’), Egypt. Dated to ca. 800–540 BCE, these animals could extend the antiquity of Egyptian–Adulite trade by as much as five centuries. Previously, Dominy et al. (2020) used stable isotope analysis to show that two New Kingdom specimens of Papio hamadryas originate from the Horn of Africa. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genomes from a mummified baboon from Gabbanat el-Qurud and 14 museum specimens with known provenance together with published georeferenced mitochondrial sequence data. Phylogenetic assignment connects the mummified baboon to modern populations of P. hamadryas in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and eastern Sudan. This result, assuming geographical stability of phylogenetic clades, corroborates Greco-Roman historiographies by pointing toward present-day Eritrea, and by extension Adulis, as a source of baboons for Late Period Egyptians. It also establishes geographic continuity with baboons from the fabled Land of Punt (Dominy et al., 2020), giving weight to speculation that Punt and Adulis were essentially the same trading centres separated by a thousand years of history.

Éléonore Challine, Christophe Gauthier

Histoire de la photographie by Raymond Lécuyer, Petit musée de la curiosité photographique by Louis Chéronnet, Georges Méliès, mage by Maurice Bessy and Giuseppe Maria Lo Duca and, finally, Images du cinéma français by Nicole Vedrès are four books published in France in the same year, 1945. What they have in common is that they deal with the history of photography or with the history of cinema. They also are richly illustrated. Taking an interest in this concomitance and seeing it as an indication of a turning point for images, this article examines what, in the inter-war period, made this editorial flowering possible in the immediate post-war period, by exploring the emergence of collections—both private and institutional—and the patrimonialization of the two mediums. It goes on to define the functions fulfilled by the “illustrations” that appear in these works, in order to understand whether the narratives linked to the history of photography or cinema have been altered as a result.

B. Hoen, A. Paul-Dauphin, D. Hestin et al.

Jessica E. Thorne, Aaron S. G. Robotham, Sabine Bellstedt et al.

Gas-phase metallicities of galaxies are typically measured through auroral or nebular emission lines, but metallicity also leaves an imprint on the overall spectral energy distribution (SED) of a galaxy and can be estimated through SED fitting. We use the ProSpect SED fitting code with a flexible parametric star formation history and an evolving metallicity history to self-consistently measure metallicities, stellar mass, and other galaxy properties for $\sim90\,000$ galaxies from the Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS) and Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. We use these to trace the evolution of the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and show that the MZR only evolves in normalisation by $\sim0.1\,$dex at stellar mass $M_\star = 10^{10.5}\,M_\odot$. We find no difference in the MZR between galaxies with and without SED evidence of active galactic nuclei emission at low redshifts ($z<0.3$). Our results suggest an anti-correlation between metallicity and star formation activity at fixed stellar mass for galaxies with $M_\star > 10^{10.5}\,M_\odot$ for $z<0.3$. Using the star formation histories extracted using ProSpect we explore higher-order correlations of the MZR with properties of the star formation history including age, width, and shape. We find that at a given stellar mass, galaxies with higher metallicities formed most of their mass over shorter timescales, and before their peak star formation rate. This work highlights the value of exploring the connection of a galaxy's current gas-phase metallicity to its star formation history in order to understand the physical processes shaping the MZR.

Yanzhao Zheng, Haibin Wang, Baohua Dong et al.

Recently, context-dependent text-to-SQL semantic parsing which translates natural language into SQL in an interaction process has attracted a lot of attention. Previous works leverage context-dependence information either from interaction history utterances or the previous predicted SQL queries but fail in taking advantage of both since of the mismatch between natural language and logic-form SQL. In this work, we propose a History Information Enhanced text-to-SQL model (HIE-SQL) to exploit context-dependence information from both history utterances and the last predicted SQL query. In view of the mismatch, we treat natural language and SQL as two modalities and propose a bimodal pre-trained model to bridge the gap between them. Besides, we design a schema-linking graph to enhance connections from utterances and the SQL query to the database schema. We show our history information enhanced methods improve the performance of HIE-SQL by a significant margin, which achieves new state-of-the-art results on the two context-dependent text-to-SQL benchmarks, the SparC and CoSQL datasets, at the writing time.

Gary Rosenberg, Kurt Auffenberg, Ruud Bank et al.

We introduce a new method of estimating accepted species diversity by adapting mark-recapture methods to comparisons of taxonomic databases. A taxonomic database should become more complete over time, so the error bar on an estimate of its completeness and the known diversity of the taxon it treats will decrease. Independent databases can be correlated, so we use the time course of estimates comparing them to understand the effect of correlation. If a later estimate is significantly larger than an earlier one, the databases are positively correlated, if it is significantly smaller, they are negatively correlated, and if the estimate remains roughly constant, then the correlations have averaged out. We tested this method by estimating how complete MolluscaBase is for accepted names of terrestrial gastropods. Using random samples of names from an independent database, we determined whether each name led to a name accepted in MolluscaBase. A sample tested in August 2020 found that 16.7% of tested names were missing; one in July 2021 found 5.3% missing. MolluscaBase grew by almost 3,000 accepted species during this period, reaching 27,050 species. The estimates ranged from 28,409 ± 365 in 2021 to 29,063 ± 771 in 2020. All estimates had overlapping 95% confidence intervals, indicating that correlations between the databases did not cause significant problems. Uncertainty beyond sampling error added 475 ± 430 species, so our estimate for accepted terrestrial gastropods species at the end of 2021 is 28,895 ± 630 species. This estimate is more than 4,000 species higher than previous ones. The estimate does not account for ongoing flux of species into and out of synonymy, new discoveries, or changing taxonomic methods and concepts. The species naming curve for terrestrial gastropods is still far from reaching an asymptote, and combined with the additional uncertainties, this means that predicting how many more species might ultimately be recognized is presently not feasible. Our methods can be applied to estimate the total number of names of Recent mollusks (as opposed to names currently accepted), the known diversity of fossil mollusks, and known diversity in other phyla.