Hasil untuk "History America"

A. Crosby

A. G. Valk, Gleasonian Appraoch

J. Campbell, Bill D. Moyers, B. Flowers

Francesco Vissani

The concept of antimatter is extremely important, but not always discussed as it deserves, balancing ideas and formalism. In this note, we gather some insights to present it effectively, following certain steps taken in the history of knowledge; although rarely remembered, they can serve to enrich standard teaching materials. In addition to the well-known contributions of Dirac, which we place in their original context, the contributions of Pauli and especially Majorana stand out, the latter being the first to reach the modern formalism of canonical quantization. The importance of the point of view of wave mechanics emerges, which still shows its limitations, requiring some adjustments to constitute an acceptable interpretation.

Alex Alarcon, Andrew P. Hearin, Matthew R. Becker et al.

We present DiffstarPop, a differentiable forward model of cosmological populations of galaxy star formation histories (SFH). In the model, individual galaxy SFH is parametrized by Diffstar, which has parameters $θ_{\rm SFH}$ that have a direct interpretation in terms of galaxy formation physics, such as star formation efficiency and quenching. DiffstarPop is a model for the statistical connection between $θ_{\rm SFH}$ and the mass assembly history (MAH) of dark matter halos. We have formulated DiffstarPop to have the minimal flexibility needed to accurately reproduce the statistical distributions of galaxy SFH predicted by a diverse range of simulations, including the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulation, the Galacticus semi-analytic model, and the UniverseMachine semi-empirical model. Our publicly available code written in JAX includes Monte Carlo generators that supply statistical samples of galaxy assembly histories that mimic the populations seen in each simulation, and can generate SFHs for $10^6$ galaxies in 1.1 CPU-seconds, or 0.03 GPU-seconds. We conclude the paper with a discussion of applications of DiffstarPop, which we are using to generate catalogs of synthetic galaxies populating the merger trees in cosmological N-body simulations.

Qiaorong S. Yu, Stephanie O'Neil, Xuejian Shen et al.

In this study, we define the novel splashback depth $\mathcal{D}$ and width $\mathcal{W}$ to examine how the splashback features of dark matter haloes are affected by the physical properties of haloes themselves. We use the largest simulation run in the hydrodynamic MillenniumTNG project. By stacking haloes in bins of halo mass, redshift, mass-dependent properties such as peak height and concentration, and halo formation history, we measure the shape of the logarithmic slope of the density profile of dark matter haloes. Our results show that the splashback depth has a strong dependence on the halo mass which follows a power law $\mathcal{D}\propto\left(\log_{10}M\right)^{2.8}$. Properties with strong correlation with halo mass demonstrate similar dependence. The splashback width has the strongest dependence on halo peak height and follows a power law $\mathcal{W}\proptoν^{-0.87}$. We provide the fitting functions of the splashback depth and width in terms of halo mass, redshift, peak height, concentrations and halo formation time. The depth and width are therefore considered to be a long term memory tracker of haloes since they depend more on accumulative physical properties, e.g., halo mass, peak height and halo formation time. They are shaped primarily by the halo's assembly history, which exerts a stronger influence on the inner density profile than short-term dynamical processes. In contrast, the splashback features have little dependence on the short term factors such as halo mass accretion rate and most recent major merger time. The splashback depth and width can therefore be used to complement information gained from quantities like the point of steepest slope or truncation radius to characterise the halo's history and inner structure.

Qishuai Zhong, Zongmin Li, Siqi Fan et al.

Effective engagement by large language models (LLMs) requires adapting responses to users' sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, occupation, and education level. While many real-world applications leverage dialogue history for contextualization, existing evaluations of LLMs' behavioral adaptation often focus on single-turn prompts. In this paper, we propose a framework to evaluate LLM adaptation when attributes are introduced either (1) explicitly via user profiles in the prompt or (2) implicitly through multi-turn dialogue history. We assess the consistency of model behavior across these modalities. Using a multi-agent pipeline, we construct a synthetic dataset pairing dialogue histories with distinct user profiles and employ questions from the Value Survey Module (VSM 2013) (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2016) to probe value expression. Our findings indicate that most models adjust their expressed values in response to demographic changes, particularly in age and education level, but consistency varies. Models with stronger reasoning capabilities demonstrate greater alignment, indicating the importance of reasoning in robust sociodemographic adaptation.

Guilherme Basílio

Cada sociedade, em épocas específicas, apresenta formas particulares de construção da identidade sociocultural e políticas decorrentes das interações históricas. Essas formas particulares de construir a identidade são determinadas pelas mudanças socioculturais e geopolíticas. Moçambique atravessou diferentes vivências que representaram três formas de construção da identidade da mulher: colonial, da independência (socialista) e pós-independência (capitalista). Em cada um desses momentos, a mulher foi chamada a participar no processo da construção da moçambicanidade através dos processos da educação, da cultura, da mobilização social, da organização da estrutura familiar e do trabalho. Em cada um desses momentos a mulher lutou pela conquista dos seus direitos e pela emancipação política, económica e cultural. Por esses motivos, a mulher participou e continua participando nos desafios pela preservação das tradições autóctones, crenças religiosas; práticas socioculturais, educação tradicional, combate à pobreza e pelos seus direitos na participação política que foram hostilizados pelo colonialismo. Contudo, a sua participação na mobilização das camadas sociais, na educação das crianças, na vida política e a sua autoafirmação na construção e consolidação da moçambicanidade resultante de coesão interna entre vários grupos étnicos que formam Moçambique não é reconhecida e continua insignificante. Desta forma, o artigo pretende analisar o papel da mulher na construção e consolidação da identidade sociocultural e política e na luta pelos direitos humanos em Moçambique.

Adrián Celentano

El artículo se concentra en el vínculo entre cine y literatura que tramó Bernardo Kordon (1915-2002), un escritor argentino que inscribió su literatura realista en la cultura de izquierdas y alcanzó una notoria consagración. En sus relatos se interesó en la representación de los sectores populares y de la marginalidad urbana. Acompañó su estética de denuncia social con la creación de revistas y editoriales, la traducción de autores brasileños y su condición de organizador de viajes político-culturales a la República Popular China. Retomando la perspectiva de la historia intelectual, estudiamos, en primer lugar, la crítica a la industria cultural de su literatura de los años treinta y cuarenta. En segundo lugar, nos detenemos en la relación que estableció con los agrupamientos intelectuales de la nueva izquierda en los años sesenta y setenta, años en que su literatura logró un importante reconocimiento en el campo editorial y por primera vez fueron transpuestos al cine sus relatos. Cerramos el recorrido con un breve análisis de la revaloración de su obra que se registró en la transición argentina a la democracia.

Rubén García-Benito

The International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD) is a significant event for researchers and practitioners interested in exploring the use of sound in conveying information and data. Since its inception in 1994, the conference has served as a vital forum for exchanging ideas and presenting research findings in the field of auditory display. While the conference primarily focuses on auditory display and sound design, astronomy has made its presence felt in the proceedings of the conference over the years. However, its not until the current ICAD conference where astronomy features a dedicated session. This paper aims to provide an statistical overview of the presence of astronomy in the ICAD conference's history from 1994 to 2022, highlighting some of the contributions made by researchers in this area, as well as the topics of interest that have captured the attention of sound artists.

F. Kehdy, Mateus H. Gouveia, Moara Machado et al.

Peter Bubenik

Garside et al. use event history methods to analyze topological data. We provide additional background on persistent homology to contrast the hazard estimators used by Garside et al. with traditional approaches in topological data analysis. In particular, the former is a local method, which has advantages and disadvantages, while homology is a global. We also provide more background on persistence landscapes and show how a more complete use of this statistic improves its performance.

João Lourenço, António Rito Silva

Recent research has proposed different approaches on the automated identification of candidate microservices on monolith systems, which vary on the monolith representation, similarity criteria, and quality metrics used. On the other hand, they are generally limited in the number of codebases and decompositions evaluated, and few comparisons between approaches exist. Considering the emerging trend in software engineering in techniques based on the analysis of codebases' evolution, we compare a representation based on the monolith code structure, in particular the sequences of accesses to domain entities, with representations based on the monolith development history (file changes and changes authorship). From the analysis on a total of 468k decompositions of 28 codebases, using five quality metrics that evaluate modularity, minimization of the number of transactions per functionality, and reduction of teams and communication, we conclude that the best decompositions on each metric were made by combining data from the sequences of accesses and the development history representations. We also found that the changes authorship representation of codebases with many authors achieves comparable or better results than the sequence of accesses representation of codebases with few authors with respect to minimization of the number of transactions per functionality and the reduction of teams.

Rik Koncel-Kedziorski, Noah A. Smith

We introduce a technique for improving document-level language models (LM) by leveraging "ancient history": text that is outside the LM's current context window. We learn an auxiliary function to select spans from the ancient history which can help the LM to predict future text. The selected text spans are then copied directly into the LM's context window, replacing less predictive spans. This method can improve perplexity of pretrained LMs with no updates to the LM's own parameters. We further observe that an auxiliary function trained in a specific textual domain like Wikipedia will also work in a substantially different domain such as scientific publications. With this technique we see a 7 percent perplexity reduction on Wikipedia articles, and a 12 percent perplexity reduction on scientific texts.

Obrillant Damus

Rape is a polytraumatic event that affects the victims’ feeling of being a body and the feeling of having a body. It causes psychological, psychological and physical suffering. The raped body is an enslaved body that must be tamed. Many women victims of rape resort to real and symbolic therapies in order to rebuild themselves after the events. These techniques of self-reconstruction allow them to put their bodies back at the centre of their existence, to reaffirm the cleanliness of their body space, to re-appropriate the subject body and to reintegrate themselves into the world. The aim of this article is twofold: 1) to study the consequences of rape on the victims’ bodies as a place where identities are fabricated, and 2) to describe how victims go about creating bodily order out of the existential chaos they experience.

Marcelo Losada, Roberto Laura, Olimpia Lombardi

In this article we reconstruct the Frauchiger and Renner argument, taking into account that the assertions of the argument are made at different times. To do this, we use a formalism of quantum histories, namely the Theory of Consistent Histories. We show that the supposedly contradictory conclusion of the argument requires computing probabilities in a family of histories that does not satisfy the consistency condition, i.e., an invalid family of histories for the theory.

Chris Kirrane

This paper examines the history of previous examples of EMU from the viewpoint that state actors make decisions about whether to participate in a monetary union based on rational self-interest concerning costs and benefits to their national economies. Illustrative examples are taken from nineteenth century German, Italian and Japanese attempts at monetary integration with early twentieth century ones from the Latin Monetary Union and the Scandinavian Monetary Union and contemporary ones from the West African Monetary Union and the European Monetary System. Lessons learned from the historical examples will be used to identify issues that could arise with the move towards closer EMU in Europe.

Dutta, Suchismita

Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred highlights complexities beyond those related to a tale of time-travel and a painful slave narrative. It allows us to reimagine definitions of “race memory” and “trauma” along the lines of genetic ancestry that is explored through the real and numinous lives of Dana and Kevin from the Maryland of the 1770s to 1976 California. The inescapable web of power, racial and gender disparities disturb Dana and make her undergo the agonizing process of transcending the limits of the present world to enter the past. The legacy of antebellum slavery that Butler records through this repeated transcendence is transhistorical and can be studied as scientific racism. This essay offers ways of reading Dana’s time-travel as the recuperation of biological memories caused due to epigenetics or trauma transmitted transgenerationally. Through several epistemic moments that validate the anguish and abuse endured in the past, this essay opens avenues for lived transhistorical trauma to demand both literary and medical attention.

Dilma Andrade de Paula

The current study aims to reflect on one of the dimensions of crisis that is a temporal issue, expensive to history and fundamental to human society, involving deeper aspects, related to present, past, to inheritance and memories , but also to the projects of the future. By means of bibliographical contribution, some notes about the relation between time and capitalist development will be made, and in general, how this relation in currently manifested in Brazil.As the epicenter of current crisis lies in the political society, some considerations of a theoretical and historical nature will be made beforehand , using authors and works that help to elaborate some explanatory threads and to find meanings in an apparent "chaos" of naturalized "truths".

Manuel Dammert Guardia, Jérémy Robert, Pablo Vega Centeno