Hasil untuk "Geography (General)"

Nuria Andrés, José M. Fernández‐Fernández, David Palacios et al.

Gljúfurárjökull, located on the Tröllaskagi Peninsula in northern Iceland, is a small glacier approximately 3.8 km in length. This study analyses the glacier's evolution through a combination of methods including: (i) geomorphological mapping, (ii) Cosmic‐Ray Exposure (CRE) dating, (iii) lichenometry and (iv) palaeoglacier reconstruction (volume, extent and Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA)) for each identified ice‐marginal position. The mean CRE ages obtained are as follows: Glacial Phase 1: no samples available for CRE dating; Glacial Phase 2: 2.6±0.5 ka (n = 2); Glacial Phase 3: 3.2±1.1 ka (n = 7); Glacial Phase 4: 2.5±0.2 ka (n = 2); Glacial Phase 5: between 2.1 ka and a few hundred years. Lichenometry results for surfaces older than 130 years show inconsistencies both internally and in comparison with CRE ages. However, for the most recent glacier margins, lichenometric dates are coherent and align with historical photographic evidence. Accordingly, the ages proposed for glacier marginal positions 6 and 7 are 1899/1904 CE and 1912/1917 CE, respectively, slightly predating position 8, which is documented in aerial photographs from 1946 CE. The millennial‐ to centennial‐scale evolution of Gljúfurárjökull outlined in this study is consistent with the patterns observed in debris‐free glaciers across Tröllaskagi, as well as in many Icelandic and Arctic glaciers. Notably, the Little Ice Age (LIA) advance at Gljúfurárjökull was less extensive than earlier Neoglacial advances, a trend common in the Sub‐Arctic and Arctic regions. Since the end of the LIA, the glacier has experienced a general retreat, interrupted only by a brief advance during the 1980s–1990s—again mirroring broader Arctic glacial behaviour. Overall, this study underscores the high sensitivity of Gljúfurárjökull to climatic fluctuations during the Late Holocene. The application of CRE dating reveals that the glacier's evolution aligns closely with patterns observed in other Icelandic and Arctic glaciers.

Eleonora Scianna

Nel 1893, alcuni affreschi di Giambattista Tiepolo mutano supporto, passando dal muro alla tela, e collocazione, viaggiando dall’Italia alla Francia. Tutti trasportati su tela dal restauratore Giuseppe Steffanoni, sono oggi tra le opere più celebri del museo Jacquemart-André a Parigi. Sono quelli del salone di villa Contarini a Mira e due soffitti da Palazzo Revedin a San Polo che Édouard André acquista rispettivamente dal proprietario della villa dei Leoni, con la mediazione di Dino Barozzi, e dagli antiquari milanesi Grandi.  

Nágila da Silva Ferreira ´Souza, Silvana Cristina da Silva

As plataformas digitais se valem das tecnologias e da racionalidade neoliberal para ampliar suas ações. Trata-se da agudização do meio técnico-científico-informacional. Assim, questionamos: Como a plataformização renova o tecido urbano das cidades? Nosso objetivo é demonstrar como ocorreu a expansão do iFood, tendo o recorte analítico da situação geográfica de Campos dos Goytacazes (2020-2022). A metodologia aplicada incluiu: levantamento bibliográfico; coleta de dados no site e aplicativo do iFood e das corporações associadas a ele; análise do conteúdo do Instagram da empresa; entrevistas com entregadores e estabelecimentos cadastrados; além da sistematização e análise dos dados. Destacamos como resultado que o iFood em Campos dos Goytacazes reforça as desigualdades entre o centro e a periferia. Outrossim, essa plataforma intensifica os fluxos de informações para ampliar sua ação nos lugares e reafirma as centralidades da rede urbana no Brasil. Além disso, destacamos que as plataformas digitais se tornam corporações extratoras de renda dos lugares em escala global.

David McGeachy, Nicholas J. Lunn, Evan S Richardson et al.

Environmental variability and seasonality of resources influence species distribution and demographic parameters such as survival. We quantified the spatiotemporal dynamics of sea ice that remains in Hudson Bay during breakup (remnant ice) and assessed relationships with apparent survival for three age classes of male polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774): subadult (1-4 years), prime age (5-19 years), and senescent (≥20 years) captured in western Hudson Bay in 1980-2019. The distribution of remnant ice varied between years, and we identified ice-related covariates that were correlated with the occurrence of transients (prime age males only captured once) and male apparent survival. Apparent survival declined by 11% for prime age males and declined by 17% for senescent bears for earlier retreat dates within Hudson Bay. Subadult apparent survival was reduced by 9% when remnant ice occurred in the east compared to the western half of Hudson Bay. Transients in our capture sample increased from 10% to 28% when remnant ice occurred within 50km of our study area. Our results suggest that spatiotemporal distribution of male polar bears was related to the spatial distribution of remnant ice across Hudson Bay and had important impacts on estimating apparent survival and may have implications for assessing population status.

Diana Sainz Camayd

This paper, written for the Summer School at L’Aquila, gives a brief overview of the current status of the ongoing research project for the digital edition of the Monumenti storici artistici della città di Aquila e suoi contornicolle notizie de’ pittori scultori architetti ed altri artefici che vi fiorirono (L’Aquila, 1848) by Angelo Leosini (L’Aquila, 1818–1881), with particular attention to the task of text transcription and markup.

Daniel Sombra, Gilberto Pereira Rodrigues, Danilo do Rosário Pinho

Este artigo se caracteriza como um ensaio, e objetiva ilustrar a especificidade da cartografia participativa no âmbito da cartografia em geral, marcando-a como uma proposição de objeto intermediário para o uso da ciência com fins contra-hegemônicos. Para isso, é realizada uma diferenciação entre cartografia participativa (definida como uma linguagem espacial construída a partir do diálogo entre saberes, ciência e saberes locais) e cartografia social (auto-cartografia dos povos a partir dos saberes locais), definindo a ontologia, a epistemologia, a metodologia e as principais aplicações da cartografia participativa. A fim de demonstrar a possibilidade da proposta, parte-se de uma digressão do uso da ciência e da técnica na educação e na construção de projetos contra-hegemônicos, projetos de empoderamento social. Para materializar a proposta, foi escolhida a aplicação do campo do ensino, a partir de uma oficina de cartografia participativa em três etapas realizadas no município de São João da Ponta (estado do Pará, Brasil).

Valerie Braun

López Fernández, Raúl , Torres Mujica, Milena Selena, Adrian Armijos, Kimberly Shirley et al.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar, la cultura medio ambiental que poseen los trabajadores de las camaroneras en la provincia Guayas, para propiciar propuesta de cambios en estas entidades. El estudio se desarrolló en las camaroneras de la provincia Guayas, Ecuador. La metodología utilizada fue la cualitativa para ello se aplicaron los métodos teóricos, analítico-sintético e histórico-lógico y del nivel empírico las técnicas de la observación, entrevista semiestructurada y grupo focal. Los resultados fundamentales derivados del análisis están en que los trabajadores poseen conocimiento sobre medio ambiente, pero en su práctica laboral, no existe un pronunciamiento a favor de una intervención consecuente, capaz de provocar cambios necesarios para transformar el entorno donde se encuentra enclavada la entidad. Se puede concluir que, entre lo que se conoce sobre medio ambiente y lo que se hace en función de las mejoras y las transformaciones en este sentido, existe un distanciamiento.

Vanilson Lemes, Anelise Reis Gaya, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya

Objetivos: verificar a confiabilidade do escore em um questionário de aptidão física autorrelatada (QAPA) em crianças de 6 a 11 anos, nas aulas de educação física não presenciais em 2020, durante o distanciamento social COVID-19 e identificar se há associação do escore no QAPA com níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APC) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) mensurados no ano 2019. Métodos: estudo longitudinal retrospectivo realizado no sul de Santa Catarina com crianças de 6 a 11 anos, 142 meninas e 146 meninos. Aplicou-se o QAPA em pais, responsáveis e alunos via Google Forms, ClassRoom e material impresso. O IMC e APC foram mensurados pelo protocolo PROESP-BR em 2019.  A análise foi realizada com teste t de student, qui-quadrado, alfa de Cronbach e modelos de equações estruturais (MEE). Resultados: O QAPA apresentou confiabilidade superior a 0,70 e parâmetros adequados no MEE (AIC/BIC: 149/151; SRMR: 0,0562; RMSEA: 0,074; CFMIN/DF: 2,558; CFI/TLI: 0,92/0,90). O escore QAPA em 2020 se associou com maior APC (b: 0,51; p: 0,001) e menor IMC no ano 2019 (b:-0,17; p: 0,001). Conclusão: O QAPA apresenta elevada confiabilidade e consistência se respondido pelos pais ou responsáveis (crianças de 6 a 8 anos) e por crianças de 9-11 anos. Crianças com um elevado escore no QAPA em 2020 apresentavam elevada APC e reduzido IMC em 2019. O QAPA é uma medida consistente e confiável para ser aplicada em pais, responsáveis das crianças de 6-8 anos e naqueles escolares com 9-11 anos.

Prashant Kumar, Angela Druckman, John Gallagher et al.

Cities are constantly evolving and so are the living conditions within and between them. Rapid urbanization and the ever-growing need for housing have turned large areas of many cities into concrete landscapes that lack greenery. Green infrastructure can support human health, provide socio-economic and environmental benefits, and bring color to an otherwise grey urban landscape. Sometimes, benefits come with downsides in relation to its impact on air quality and human health, requiring suitable data and guidelines to implement effective greening strategies. Air pollution and human health, as well as green infrastructure and human health, are often studied together. Linking green infrastructure with air quality and human health together is a unique aspect of this article. A holistic understanding of these links is key to enabling policymakers and urban planners to make informed decisions. By critically evaluating the link between green infrastructure and human health via air pollution mitigation, we also discuss if our existing understanding of such interventions is sufficient to inform their uptake in practice.Natural science and epidemiology approach the topic of green infrastructure and human health very differently. The pathways linking health benefits to pollution reduction by urban vegetation remain unclear and the mode of green infrastructure deployment is critical to avoid unintended consequences. Strategic deployment of green infrastructure may reduce downwind pollution exposure. However, the development of bespoke design guidelines is vital to promote and optimize greening benefits, and measuring green infrastructure's socio-economic and health benefits are key for their uptake. Greening cities to mitigate pollution effects is on the rise and these need to be matched by scientific evidence and appropriate guidelines. We conclude that urban vegetation can facilitate broad health benefits, but there is little empirical evidence linking these benefits to air pollution reduction by urban vegetation, and appreciable efforts are needed to establish the underlying policies, design and engineering guidelines governing its deployment. Keywords: Pollution exposure, Physical and mental health, Environmental health, Passive control, City greening

Mirna Aparecida Neves Neves, Renato Ferreira Miranda, Mariana da Silva Trigo et al.

Grande parte do território Espírito Santense ocorre sobre o Sistema Aquífero Cristalino, onde a percolação da água subterrânea está condicionada, dentre outros fatores, a padrões de faturamento de difícil previsibilidade que afetam rochas graníticas e gnáissicas. O conhecimento do fluxo subterrâneo e dos processos de recarga nestes terrenos é ainda limitado, embora seja crescente a necessidade de prospecção destes mananciais. Este trabalho apresenta dados isotópicos da água da chuva e subterrânea, levantados como parte de um projeto em rede (HIDROFRAT) que tem, como uma de suas metas, o monitoramento da concentração de isótopos de Oxigênio (18O) e Hidrogênio ( 2H) na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Itapemirim (BHRI), situada no sul capixaba. Apresenta-se aqui a reta meteórica local obtida, descrita pela equação y = 8,58 x + 19,05, além das variações encontradas na área, ligadas aos efeitos de pluviosidade e continentalidade. A assinatura isotópica das águas subterrâneas é similar à das águas pluviais, indicando alta velocidade de recarga, porém, com taxas variadas ao longo da bacia. Algumas hipóteses estão sendo aventadas para explicar as variações isotópicas observadas, dentre elas a influência dos tipos litológicos e a presença de descontinuidades que favorecem localmente a recarga.

Márton Lendvay

The aim of this paper is to test whether the concept of resilience can be applied to rural communities in postsocialist transition countries such as Hungary. Resilience, a concept engaged with the dynamics of change, has gained popularity in recent years following the post-2008 crisis and has become a core theme of academic, policy and lay discourses in the Anglo-Saxon world. The ongoing processes of socio-economic transition within the post-socialist environment have also att racted wide attention in the past decades, although not within the frameworks of resilience thinking. The concept of resilience is missing from post-socialist discourses and has not been applied to rural communities before in an Eastern European context, although the nature of post-socialist transition characterised by complexity, cross-scalar processes and multiplicity of actors involved make it an especially suitable field for resilience studies. In this paper, we aim to flag the potential directions and successful application of the concept of resilience both as a research topic and as a tool for researchers of the post-socialist space while we caution for the potential pitfalls and misuses of the concept and critically analyse aspects that attracted wide debates. We illustrate how rural community resilience may be conceptualised on the example of the watermelon producing community of Medgyesegyháza, Hungary.

María Sol Couto, Jimena Aguirre

La educación de adultos necesita de procesos de participación de los actores involucrados. Entendemos a la participación como un proceso que supone rupturas y entrama un aprendizaje a través del cual se cuestiona y se adopta una conciencia crítica de nuestro sentido común (Sirvent, 2008). En el caso argentino y, en especial, de Mendoza, los centros de educación de adultos se ubican en sectores denominados "populares". Proponemos reflexionar acerca de la relación dialógica y transformadora entre agentes educativos que no surge por generación espontánea, ni mucho menos por concesión del poder constituido, involucra una conquista que conlleva esfuerzo y maduración.

V. V. Dolotov, A. A. Shklyar

<p><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 10px; color: #231f20;">In frame of cadastral beach evaluation the volumetric method of natural variability index is proposed. It base on spatial calculations with Cut-Fill method and volume accounting ofboththe common beach contour and specific areas for the each time. </span></p>

Leonice Seolin Dias, Luís Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho, Raul Borges Guimarães

The present paper discusses the importance of analysing the frequency of flies of the Muscidae and Calliphoridae family, evaluating the impact of the implementation of urban garbage collection’s programs. It was examined the case study of the city Tupa – Sao Paulo’s State- which was divided in two distinct phases: phase 1 – between June and October of 2001, characterized by the presence of landfill and; phase 2 – from November of 2001 to May of 2002, characterized by the beginning of the implementation of selective collection and recycling and gradual dump grouding. The procedure for the capture of the insects was made with ten traps made with two-liter plastics bottles placed in houses and trees around the landfill. As an attractive, 400 mL of spill from sugar cane was used and replaced weekly. In both phases of the research was observed that the most frequent and constant family was the Calliphoridae. There was a positive correlation before the selective collection between the number of Calliphoridae and the rainfall (0,638) and the number of muscideos and the average temperature (0,605). After the collection program started, this correlation was not observed any more. To conclude, the program of selective collection implanted in the city of Tupa resulted in a decrease in the frequency of diptera. The analysis of the Callidoridae and Muscidae float demonstrated to be an efficient indicator of the environmental quality.

Greg Simpson, Yi Hwa Wu

Sedimentation is a problem for all reservoirs in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Before working on sediment removal, a survey on the extent and distribution of the sediment is needed. Two sample lakes were used to determine which of three interpolation methods gave the most accurate volume results. A secondary goal was to see if fewer samples could be taken while still providing similar results. The smaller samples would mean less field time and thus lower costs. Subsamples of 50%, 33% and 25% were taken from the total samples and evaluated for the lowest Root Mean Squared Error values. Throughout the trials, the larger sample sizes generally showed better accuracy than smaller samples. Graphing the sediment volume estimates of the full sample, 50%, 33% and 25% showed little improvement after a sample of approximately 40%–50% when comparing the asymptote of the separate samples. When we used smaller subsamples the predicted sediment volumes were normally greater than the full sample volumes. It is suggested that when planning future sediment surveys, workers plan on gathering data at approximately every 5.21 meters. These sample sizes can be cut in half and still retain relative accuracy if time savings are needed. Volume estimates may slightly suffer with these reduced samples sizes, but the field work savings can be of benefit. Results from these surveys are used in prioritization of available funds for reclamation efforts.

Maria Perevochtchikova, Julia Oggioni

The term Ecosystem Services (ES) was introduced in the Rio Declaration in 1992, within a strong international movement for sustainable natural resource management. Back then, the innovative principle concerned the environmental functions that maintain life support systems. To illustrate this further, pollination, oxygen production, temperature regulation, water storage, filtering and distribution, among others, were listed and previously taken for granted until human action contested them. The first compensation schemes for Environmental Services were proposed in 1997 as one of the tools of the new environmental policy directed towards the principles of sustainable development. Since then, the topic of ES has received remarkable global response, which is reflected by the implementation of payment programs and by the development of research in many countries worldwide. This paper analyses the state of the art of the research carried out so far on ES and Environmental Services from the global and the Mexican perspectives. It is based upon the review of 1,781 scientific papers published in international peer reviewed journals between 1992 and 2012. Furthermore, the present study provides a sound geographical overview of the main ES topics studied and of the relative emission of papers per region, country or state. Results are finally presented and discussed in the light of their deficits and of the challenges ahead.

J. Nerbonne

W. Davis

L. T. Spencer, R. C. Stauffer

Commonly use symbols and abbreviation code Acknowledgements General introduction 1. Editorial considerations 2. Darwin's table of contents 3. Possibility of all organic beings crossing 4. Variation under nature 5. The struggle for existence 6. On natural selection 7. Laws of variation 8. Difficulties on the theory 9. Hybridism 10. Mental powers and instincts of animals 11. Geographical distribution Appendices Bibliography Guides to the texts of the long and short versions Collation between the Origin and Natural Selection Index.