Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

Liviu Iacob, Sorana Eftimie, Mihaela Hedesiu

Ving Fai Chan, Fatma Omar, Eden Mashayo et al.

Objective To present older presbyopic Zanzibari craftswomen’s firsthand experiences with the eyeglasses, the challenges they face in advancing their businesses and proposed solutions to these challenges.Design This participatory action research used solicited diaries, where 10 craftswomen documented their experiences with presbyopia correction for 6 months. The diaries were translated into English for qualitative content analysis. Researchers then held a 2-day listening workshop with 20 craftswomen to discuss the diary findings and gather their perspectives on challenges and solutions. These workshops included group discussions and debates to encourage open communication. Narrative analysis was conducted to identify the key narratives.Setting Zanzibar, Unguja and Pemba Islands.Participants Zanzibari craftswomen entrepreneurs with corrected presbyopia, 40 years and older.Intervention Presbyopia near vision eyeglasses for 6 months.Results The study found that improved vision with eyeglasses significantly benefits craftswomen in Zanzibar. They experience increased work efficiency, quality and income. Craftswomen also reported greater independence, confidence and participation in daily activities. However, limited market access and competition restrict their income growth. Business skills training in areas like marketing and finance is seen as a solution for sustainable success.Conclusions Improved near vision was associated with enhanced productivity, financial confidence and well-being among craftswomen. However, persistent barriers—including limited market access, competition and lack of business skills—highlight that a vision-only approach may not address the intersectional challenges faced by older women entrepreneurs in Zanzibar. These findings suggest that integrated strategies combining vision care with business mentoring may offer more sustainable support.

Bilgün Çeti̇n, Derya İçöz

Abstract Background Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign, recurrent inflammatory condition marked by atrophic and erythematous lesions, often asymptomatic but sometimes causing discomfort. This study evaluated some potential etiological and risk factors influencing Geographic Tongue Area and Severity Index (GTASI) and the relationship between GTASI scores and symptoms. Methods A total of 163 GT patients (100 females [61.35%], 63 males [38.65%]) were assessed using the GTASI, which incorporates erythema, white halo, and fissured tongue (FT) scores. Statistical analyses investigated relationships between GTASI, symptoms, family history, tobacco using, allergy or atopy and medication, Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test, while numerical variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results While GT severity showed no significant relationship with gender (p = 0.694), smoking (p = 0.907), allergic conditions (p = 507), medication (p = 0.364) or family history (p = 591). Among participants, 106 (65%) reported symptoms. A total of 137 patients (84%) had at least one fissured tongue lesion associated with GT. Higher FT scores were linked to an increased likelihood of symptoms (p = 0.048). Conversely, erythema scores were not associated with symptoms (p = 0.943). Conclusion The study did not identify risk factors influencing overall GTASI scores. However, symptom presence is significantly associated with fissured tongue rather than GT severity suggesting that clinicians should focus on fissured tongue when evaluating symptomatic patients. Further longitudinal studies and microbiological assessments are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and progression of symptomatic GT.

Mehmet DOĞAN, Emre Bülbül

Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of future anxiety in senior medical faculty students and the factors affecting this situation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, which are carried out between 1-31 March 2024 with undetermined sample size. The reach rate was 94.3% and included 300 senior medical school students. Written and verbal consent were obtained from the participants. The data was obtained by face-to face interview method using a survey form consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and educational process questions and the “Future Anxiety Scale in University Students”. Evaluation of data was done on a statistical package for social science SPSS version 15. Results: Of the participants 51.0% were male and 65.3% were 24 years old or younger. Of the participants 95.3% were single and 43.3% stayed with family. The average future anxiety score is 54.9±12.9. While 52.0% of the participants were exposed to occupational violence at least once during the education process, 86.3% of those who were exposed to occupational violence stated that psychological/verbal violence was the most common type of violence. Among the participants’ postgraduation plans, 90.3% wanted to become a specialist physician, while 35.0% stated that they were considering going abroad after graduation. Occupational violence is the most common reason for going abroad with 74.4%. The average future anxiety is higher in women, those with a poor economic situation, those who have experienced occupational violence, and those who are considering going abroad (p<0.05). The three most common reasons of future anxiety were occupational violence (75.6%), malpractice (72.5%), and mobbing (65.3%), respectively. Conclusion: The level of future anxiety among medical doctor candidates is high. A high level of anxiety future may pose a risk to the doctor candidates’ own health, family, and public health, as well as cause various problems in their professional lives.

Bin Chen, Yanan Zhu, Minkui Lin et al.

Abstract Endo-periodontal lesions (EPLs) involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms, including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors. This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis, posing great challenges in clinical practice. Furthermore, EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy, including periodontal therapy, endodontic therapy and others, but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy. By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth, this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.

Ellen Christine Rodrigues Abreu, Vicente Colussi Ferreira , Karina Andrea Novaes Olivieri et al.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal gap of frameworks produced using the CAD-CAM system, from zirconia and lithium disilicate blocks, adapted to a tooth preparation and a gypsum die. Material and Methods: For this study, a human first molar tooth was used as a master model with a full crown preparation. It was molded 20 times to obtain the gypsum die and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10) for the fabrication of zirconia and lithium disilicate frameworks. The frameworks were made using pre-sintered zirconia blocks and lithium disilicate blocks, both CAD-CAM systems. The marginal gap was measured in µm at four points (buccal, palatal, mesial, and distal) using a comparator microscope with 30x magnification, with the framework seated on the master model (tooth), and on the gypsum die. Marginal gap data (µm) were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test with a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant interaction between the factors studied (p=0.223) or isolated factors (ceramic factor p=0.886 and die factor p=0.786). Conclusion: Both ceramics produced using the CAD-CAM technique did not exhibit statistical differences in marginal adaptation on the two types of substrates, both on tooth preparation and on the gypsum die. KEYWORDS CAD-CAM; Dental ceramics; Dental prosthesis; Lithium disilicate; Marginal adaptation; Zirconia.

Anna Tarkova, Libor Hejsek, Tomas Jurecka et al.

Background and Aims. Currently around 67 million people in Europe are affected by some form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As most known types of vitreoretinal (VR) interface disorders can coexist with AMD and as we can favourably affect the former with vitreoretinal surgery, our goal was to evaluate the results of vitreoretinal interface disorder surgery with macular peeling in relation to coincident intermediate stage AMD. Methodology. This was a retrospective evaluation of eyes operated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The monitored parameters were anatomical and functional findings and, safety of the procedure. The surface of the macula was stained with trypan blue and treated (peeling) with a disposable microforceps. 10% perfluoropropane, or the air tamponade was used. Distance visual acuity was examined on the ETDRS chart, the macular finding was monitored by OCT and photodocumented. The post-operative face-down position was 3-5 days. The follow-up period was 6 months. Results. 17 eyes (14 patients, woman 86%) mean age 74 years. The primary indications for the procedure were: idiopathic macular hole (IMD) 59%, epiretinal membrane 29% and vitreomacular traction syndrome 12%. Ophthalmoscopic and OCT findings of intermediate dry form of AMD (100%), in 24% was drusoid ablation of the pigment leaf. In all cases of IMD, primary closure occurred. Input visual acuity 0.1-0.6 improved to 0.2-0.9 at the end of the follow-up period (P&lt;0.05). No complications during surgery or progression of AMD in the follow-up period were observed. Conclusion. PPV for vitreoretinal interface disorders have similar anatomical results, whether the outer part of the retina is disrupted by intermediate AMD or not. Functional results are affected by possible disruption of the RPE or the outer layers of the neuroretina by AMD. The PPV procedure has a standard security profile. It is safe and does not affect the progression of AMD in the short term.

Eisha Imran, Z. Khurshid, Adam Ahmed M Al Qadhi et al.

1Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia 4Department of Community Dentistry, University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan Address for correspondence Zohaib Khurshid, MRes, FHEA, MDTFEd, FPFA, BDS, Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: drzohaibkhurshid@gmail.com).

Yahya Alhadil, H. A. Al-Shamahy, Abdullwahab Aldilami et al.

Yahya Alhadi1, Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy2*, Abdullwahab Aldilami1, Mohsen Al-Hamzy3, Khaled Abdulsalam Al-Haddad4 and Mohammed Shaalan1 1Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a Univeristy, Republic of Yemen 2Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Republic of Yemen 3Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Republic of Yemen 4Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, Republic of Yemen

Elizabeth Velan

Yoshio Kondo, Tomonori Hoshino, Midori Ogawa et al.

Abstract Objectives Infective endocarditis (IE) has an extremely high fatality rate. In this study, we isolated a strain of Streptococcus mutans, which we called HM, from the blood drawn from a 4‐year‐old girl diagnosed with IE. We aimed to fully type the HM strain and investigate its biological properties, including its virulence with respect to IE. Material and methods A 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree and glucosyltransferase gene sequences were used to type HM. Serotyping was performed using the Ouchterlony method. Morphological observations were made using phase contrast and electron microscopy. Fibrinogen adhesion and biofilm formation were investigated to examine the tissue colonization properties of HM, whereas its bodily origin was determined from its fingerprinting pattern. Results The isolated strain was S. mutans serotype e. However, its morphology was observed to be short chains, unlike that of the NCTC 10449 reference strain. Fibrinogen adhesion and biofilm formation were more apparent than in NCTC 10449. The fingerprinting pattern showed that HM came from the patient's saliva. Conclusions HM differs from NCTC 10449 in its higher fibrinogen affinity. HM was also found to be derived from the oral cavity. These results highlight the importance of good oral hygiene for the prevention of IE in children.

Elham Shokouhi, Hashem Mohamadian, Fatemeh Babadi et al.

Abstract Background The present study was conducted to determine the impact of educational intervention based on adult learning theory on oral health related quality of life of the elderly. Materials and methods This study (IRCT20120910010804N13) was performed with 92 elderly patients referred to the dental clinic of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data were gathered by a questionnaire with demographic variables, variables of oral health related quality of the elderly, and variables for assessing the effectiveness of adult learning theory. Following pre-test, educational programs were conducted for the interventional group. After 1 month, the questionnaire was again administered to both groups. Next, the results of pre-test and post-test were analyzed using SPSS-23 at a significance level of 0.05. Results Educational intervention was significant in terms of overall oral health related quality of life and the overall effectiveness score of adult learning theory (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean change score of three physical, psychosocial, and pain dimensions following the educational intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusion Education based on adult learning theory is recommended for improving oral health related quality of life among the elderly. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20120910010804N13. Registered on 2018-12-16. https://www.irct.ir/trial/35239

Maleki A, Khalid N

Aryan Maleki, Noorulain Khalid Faculty of Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UKWe read with great interest the paper by Zari and Alrahmani1 investigating the relationship between stress and acne among female medical students. These findings are relevant as around 20% of young people are affected by moderate-to-severe acne, and indeed acne severity is associated with increased risks of anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation.2 The authors identified that &ldquo;stress severity strongly correlated with an increase in acne severity,&rdquo; and suggested that stress likely has an important role in the pathogenesis of acne.1 However, the paper could have been taken further to better establish the true extent of this relationship, and ultimately whether certain patients will benefit from clinical interventions based on their perceived stress scale.&nbsp;View the original paper by&nbsp;Zari and Alrahmani.

Marchi Paulo Guilherme Bittencourt, de Brum Ricardi Felipe, Zanini Maurício Matté et al.

The evolution of adhesive dentistry and the addition of nanoparticles has heralded an improvement in the mechanical properties of adhesives. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects produced by carbon nanotubes (CN) added to two adhesives used for indirect bonding by an examination of the shear bond strength (SBS) and location of bond failure.

Harish C. Jadhav, Arun S. Dodamani, G. N. Karibasappa et al.

Ullal Anand Nayak, Reena Sharma, Nilotpol Kashyap et al.

Introduction: Chewing Side Preference (CSP) is said to occur when mastication is recognized exclusively/consistently or predominantly on the same side of the jaw. It can be assessed by using the direct method - visual observation and indirect methods by electric programs, such as cinematography, kinetography and computerized electromyography. Aim: The present study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of CSP in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions and relating its association with dental caries. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study, 240 school going children aged 3 to 18years were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to the deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition period. The existence of a CSP was determined using a direct method by asking the children to chew on a piece of gum (trident sugarless). The Mann Whitney U-test was used to compare the CSP and also among the boys and girls. The Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient was used to correlate CSP and dental caries among the three study groups and also among the groups. Results: CSP was observed in 69%, 83% and 76% of children with primary, mixed and permanent dentition respectively (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the presence of CSP and dental caries among the three study groups. Conclusion: There was a weak or no correlation between gender and distribution of CSP and between presence of CSP and dental caries.