Hasil untuk "Cartography"

Jongsung Ha, Seungtaek Jeong, Seyun Min et al.

Deep learning (DL) models have emerged as promising tools to enhance satellite observations, yet their real-time deployment in operational systems for estimating solar radiation and aerosol optical depth (AOD) remains infrequent. This study presents the successful integration and three-year operational validation of DL models within the Geo-KOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A) satellite’s high-throughput processing pipeline. We selected the back-propagation neural network (BPNN), the one-dimensional convolutional network (Conv1D) and Feature Tokenizer Transformer (FT-Transformer) as candidate models due to their reliability, stability, and runtime efficiency. Ground-validation results demonstrated the performance differences between the models. For solar radiation, the BPNN model achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 72.45 W/m², a normalized RMSE (nRMSE) of 17.28%, a mean bias error (MBE) of 48.34 W/m², and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.92. In the case of FT-Transformer model, it recorded an RMSE of 72.02 W/m², nRMSE of 17.52%, MBE of 47.28 W/m², and R2 of 0.92. Regarding AOD estimation, the BPNN model showed an RMSE of 0.053, nRMSE of 19.78%, MBE of −0.034, and R2 of 0.95. For the FT-Transformer, it exhibited improved performance with an RMSE of 0.03, nRMSE of 14.07%, MBE of 0.01, and R2 of 0.97. FT-Transformer achieved the best accuracy across the evaluation metrics, and the cross-validation results indicate that its performance remains consistent across withheld stations, suggesting robust spatial generalization and reduced sensitivity to location-specific overfitting. Accordingly, we adopt the FT-Transformer as the primary operational model for GK-2A product generation. Notably, the operational DL system processed data significantly faster—up to 12-fold for solar radiation and 43-fold for AOD compared with conventional physical models—enabling real-time performance with enhanced accuracy. Furthermore, monthly retraining and monitoring ensured sustained robustness over the study period. These findings underline that, beyond improving predictive accuracy (notably for AOD), the core innovation lies in achieving a stable, scalable, and efficient integration of DL within operational satellite systems.

Sandra Jeppesen, Paola Sartoretto

This thematic issue shares research that critically analyzes counter-mapping undertaken by community groups who appropriate, collect, and utilize counter-datasets to unveil and reshape spatial realities. The articles consider a range of multidimensional sociotechnical cartographic practices, including the politics embedded in various uses of representation, visualization, interactivity, and cartographic imaginaries, framing counter data mapping as communicative practices of resistance. They deepen our understanding of how counter-mapping can be understood as a sociotechnical communicative practice through which communities inhabiting marginalized and vulnerable positions have collectively mobilized the affordances of mapping technologies to both visibilize and contest the root causes and consequences of marginalization. Scholars here consider how counter-mapping is embedded in notions of spatiality and relationality, probing dimensions of analysis that include data sourcing, objectives, capacities, processes, collaborations, ownership, strategic invisibility, and so on, providing evidence of the emerging importance of sociotechnical multidimensionality in the production and cartopolitics of community counter-maps.

Hua Yin, Liang Zhou, Shaohua Wang et al.

Urban vitality is a fundamental issue in urban planning and management research and a primary indicator for assessing the quality of urban development. Analyzing its spatial disparities at the block scale is essential for promoting urban sustainability. Residents’ perceptions of the built street environment significantly influence urban vitality. However, most existing approaches rely on macro-level indicators or linear assumptions, overlooking block-scale perceptual experiences and spatial heterogeneity, while also facing limitations in perception quantification and spatial autocorrelation. To tackle this, we integrate street view images and points of interest (POI) data to create a framework for vitality assessment that incorporates visual perception, environmental perception, and accessibility to service facilities. We utilize random forest and spatial error models to investigate nonlinear relationships between multidimensional indicators and urban vitality. The framework is implemented in the high-density central districts of Xi’an. Results indicate: (1) Urban vitality scores generally decline from the center to the periphery, with the highest value (0.63) found along the city’s central development axis. (2) The key variables’ contributions are ranked as lively score (0.31), commercial facilities density (0.26), and sky visibility index (0.17). (3) Spatial error regression reveals that the green visibility index (β = 0.23), commercial facility density (β = 0.24), and lively (β = 0.19) are strongly positively correlated with vitality, while the sky view index (β =  −0.12) shows a negative correlation. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of vitality distribution and key influencing indicators in high-density urban areas, offering new insights for enhancing vitality in peripheral zones and promoting urban sustainability.

Aristides Barreto

Apresentamos hoje o N.º 3 da REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CARTOGRAFIA e o fazemos cheios de alegria e orgulho. As felicitações e os cumprimentos pelos números anteriores justificam, plenamente, o estado de espírito em que nos encontramos. Às vésperas do V CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CARTOGRAFIA, a ser realizado em Brasília, DF, no período de 18 a 25 de julho, confiamos no pleno êxito de sua execução e acreditamos, mais uma vez, que, somando esforços e trabalho, polarizando pensamentos e ações, um grande feito para a nossa especialidade será assinalado.

Enzo Lenine

Abstract How do Brazilian IR scholars tailor causal explanations in their research? Searching for causes has become paramount to the scientific endeavour in the social sciences, and in recent years the lexicon of causality has come under scrutiny, with many scholars revising the standard Humean and covering law approaches to cause. Far from being consensual, current philosophical and meta-theoretical debates in IR reveal a rather kaleidoscopical picture of causation. However, Brazilian IR scholars seem to remain unfamiliar about what it means to advance causal claims. In this paper, I have a twofold goal: to advance the causal talk by rehearsing recent meta-theoretical debates on causality; and to examine the ways Brazilian IR scholars in the subfield of Brazilian foreign policy analysis (BFPA) tailor causal explanations. To achieve the latter, I perform a cartography of the articles published in five Brazilian top-tier journals in the discipline – Brazilian Political Science Review, Dados, Contexto Internacional, Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais and Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional – from 2018 through 2022. I conclude that BFPA research is founded primarily in non-Humean understandings of causality, but Brazilian scholars might benefit from further awareness on the various meanings of causal explanation.

Fadi Moubayed, Ralf Becker, Jörg Blankenbach

The demand for energy has significantly increased worldwide due to various reasons such as urbanization and population growth. With this increase of energy demand and urban CO2 emissions, cities and municipalities are adopting decarbonization strategies in order to promote sustainable energy consumption as well as achieve lower carbon emission. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is a computational framework designed to analyze and predict energy consumption in an urban context. One of the major obstacles in developing UBEM is the lack of comprehensive and reliable input data. The number of floors is an essential input parameter for UBEM for which few open data is available. We propose an approach that combines 3D city models, cadaster data and oblique aerial imagery to estimate the number of floors for individual buildings on a city level. To test our approach, we created a test dataset that includes seven hundred and thirty-three residential buildings in the cities Soest and Düsseldorf in Germany. Five hundred and fifty-three buildings have been suitable to estimate the number of floors using our approach. We compared the results of our method to a geometrical approach that estimates the number of floors by assuming a standard floor height for all buildings. Our approach significantly outperforms the geometrical approach by correctly estimating the number of floors for 60% of the buildings in the test dataset to the geometrical approach that resulted in 14% of the buildings correctly estimated. Moreover, our approach results in less deviation from the correct number of floors and less underestimation compared to the geometrical approach.

Giancarlo Alciaturi, Artur Gil

Assessing the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) on water quality (WQ) is central to land-based environmental research. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this study analyses recent trends using LULC maps to assess stream WQ within buffers, focusing on papers published between 2020 and 2024. It identifies relevant remote sensing practices for LULC mapping, landscape metrics, WQ physicochemical parameters, statistical techniques for correlating LULC and WQ, and conventions for configuring buffers. Materials include Scopus, Web of Science, and Atlas.ti, which support both qualitative data analysis and Conversational Artificial Intelligence (CAI) tasks via its integration with OpenAI’s large language models. The methodology highlights creating a bibliographic database, coding, CAI, and validating prompts. Official maps and visual or digital interpretations of optical imagery provided inputs for LULC. Classifiers from earlier generations have shaped LULC cartography. The most employed WQ parameters were phosphorus, total nitrogen, and pH. The three most referenced landscape metrics were the Largest Patch Index, Patch Density, and Landscape Shape Index. The literature mainly relied on Redundancy Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and alternative correlation approaches. Buffer configurations varied in size. CAI facilitated an agile systematic review; however, it encountered challenges related to a phenomenon known as hallucination, which hampers its optimal performance.

Yinguo Qiu, Chengguo Wei, Fukang Zhang et al.

Effective monitoring of lake aquatic environments is crucial for assessing lake health, identifying issues, and developing emergency plans. Satellite-based remote sensing has been recognized as an effective method for timely and comprehensive monitoring of these environments. However, satellite-derived products often lack complete spatial coverage due to invalid pixels resulting from factors such as cloud cover, high sun glint contamination, and high satellite-viewing angles. To address this issue, we propose a novel gap filling method for satellite-derived products of lake aquatic environments, utilizing historical big data. We initially developed a machine-learning-based model for similarity matching across various dates. This model was based on 10 factors, selected from water quality and meteorological conditions that have a significant correlation with the lake aquatic environment. This model allows for the assignment of values to invalid pixels in a specific satellite-derived product, derived from the corresponding pixels in the products of historical dates. The proposed method has been applied to the satellite-derived Chl-a products of Lake Chaohu. The experimental findings demonstrate that the computed mean value of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) stands at 35.75, as derived from the experimental data. This substantiates the precision of the gap filling method applied to satellite-derived products. This study underscores the significant value of the proposed method in gap filling for satellite-derived products, as well as in predicting the aquatic environment of lakes.

I. A. Romanenko, A. G. Chibunichev

This work investigates the accuracy of determining object point coordinates from images acquired with a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera integrated into an iPhone 15 Pro smartphone. Calibration of such a camera consist of two parts: direction calibration and distance calibration. For classical direction calibration (determining the interior orientation parameters), we propose a spatial test object consisting of a plane-parallel plate with known dimensions that can move perpendicularly to its surface. A universal photogrammetric device (SPR—Romanovski stereo projector) was used for this. The plate movements were recorded using the meter with an accuracy of 0.1mm. At the same time, the camera is stationary and a series of images is taken with uniform elements of external orientation. Therefore, they can be considered a single image. This is how a spatial test object is formed. For distance calibration, we propose determine the scale factor of the model built from pixel-coordinate measurements and corresponding distances. Our results demonstrate that classical ToF camera calibration, which corrects point directions by accounting for lens distortion, does not improve pointcoordinate accuracy in ToF-derived models. Model accuracy significantly improves when applying the scale factor determined from control points or known distances on the object.

Anubhava Srivastava

By rapid growth in programming tools, accessibility to end consumer computing power, and the availability of free satellite data, the data science and remote sensing fields have begun to converge in recent years. Before this major processing time is wasted in collection of data. Google Earth Engine easily overcomes above problem; it contains data from different satellites and has power of processing and computation also. Well known data provider satellites are present in the library of GEE and users can easily process and track real time data from these satellites over GEE. “Sentinel”, a mission of the European Space Agency and “Landsat”, an American Earth observation satellite have been used in a variety of remote sensing applications. GEE makes these data sets available to the general public. These datasets are utilised for computing and analysis purposes. The objective of this study is to find change in study area by using above discussed two satellite data, over each season of year on different category of classification (Random Forest, CART, GTB and SVM). This work focuses on improving the classification accuracy of different classification algorithm by reviewing training samples and analyzing post-classification with image differencing in the algebraic technique. Because Landsat data have a medium spatial resolution, therefore point-wise computation was used. Lastly, we also detect which data sets are working better on an appropriate machine learning algorithm, so after final calculation we estimate accuracy of each algorithm by using confusion matrix and kappa.

Anne Tricot, Marquisar Jean-Jacques, Jean-Louis Ballais et al.

The paper presents the main results of a cartographic workshop in Khamagatta (Eastern Siberia). The objective was twofold: observing the town vulnerability to ice break-up floods through a group of children and teenagers knowledge living there; use the map as an instrument for dialogue, knowledge integration and data collection. Narratives and cartographies are not opposed but rather mutually reinforcing. This cartographic worskhop allowed different registers of knowledge to be brought together and ultimately produced valuable information for scientific analysis.

Izabela Kapera

Health care system in Poland and tourism The aim of the study was to analyze the Polish health care system from the perspective of its use by outbound and inbound tourists. Health care facilities are part of the supporting facilities in tourism. This type of infrastructure primarily serves local residents, but also determines the proper organization of tourism at the destination. With regard to tourism, this infrastructure is used by people before their travels, mainly for preventive purposes, tourists staying in a particular destination, as well as those returning from trips (e.g., requiring further treatment). In connection with health prophylaxis preceding the trip, attention was paid to the activities of the Polish Society of Maritime, Tropical and Travel Medicine together with the National Network of Travel Medicine Centres. In addition to the data obtained from this association, information from the Central Statistical Office and the System and Implementation Analyzes Database, as well as data obtained from the National Health Fund, were used in the research procedure. However, despite the presence of increasingly available data, there is still much work to be done in developing knowledge about travel risks and preventive measures related to travel to another country.  Zarys treści: Celem opracowania było przedstawienie wyników analizy polskiego sytemu ochrony zdrowia z perspektywy jego wykorzystania przez osoby biorące udział w turystyce wyjazdowej i przyjazdowej. Zakłady opieki zdrowotnej stanowią w turystyce element bazy towarzyszącej. Tego typu infrastruktura służy przede wszystkim mieszkańcom, ale warun- Prace Geograficzne zeszyt 171, 2023, 69 – 81 doi : 10.4467/20833113PG.23.009.18109 Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UJ Komisja Geograficzna, Polska Akademia Umiejętności Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego 70 Prace Geograficzne, zeszyt 171 kuje też właściwą organizację turystyki w miejscu docelowym. W odniesieniu do turystyki korzystają z niej osoby przed podróżą, głównie w celach profilaktyki, turyści przebywający w danej miejscowości, oraz wracający z wyjazdów (np. wymagający dalszego leczenia). W związku z profilaktyką zdrowotną w okresie poprzedzającym podróż zwrócono uwagę na działania Polskiego Towarzystwa Medycyny Morskiej, Tropikalnej i Podróży wraz z Krajowej Sieci Ośrodków Medycyny Podróży. Poza danymi otrzymanymi z tego stowarzyszenia w postępowaniu badawczym wykorzystano informacje z Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz zaczerpnięte z Bazy Analiz Systemowych i Wdrożeniowych, a także uzyskane z Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia. Jednak mimo obecności coraz łatwiej dostępnych danych, nadal wiele pozostaje do zrobienia w kwestii rozwijania wiedzy na temat zagrożeń podróży oraz działań profilaktycznych związanych z wyjazdem do innego kraju.

Emmanuelle Peyvel

Juan J. Ruiz-Lendínez, Manuel A. Ureña-Cámara, José L. Mesa-Mingorance et al.

There are many studies related to Imagery Segmentation (IS) in the field of Geographic Information (GI). However, none of them address the assessment of IS results from a positional perspective. In a field in which the positional aspect is critical, it seems reasonable to think that the quality associated with this aspect must be controlled. This paper presents an automatic positional accuracy assessment (PAA) method for assessing this quality component of the regions obtained by means of the application of a textural segmentation algorithm to a Very High Resolution (VHR) aerial image. This method is based on the comparison between the ideal segmentation and the computed segmentation by counting their differences. Therefore, it has the same conceptual principles as the automatic procedures used in the evaluation of the GI’s positional accuracy. As in any PAA method, there are two key aspects related to the sample that were addressed: (i) its size—specifically, its influence on the uncertainty of the estimated accuracy values—and (ii) its categorization. Although the results obtained must be taken with caution, they made it clear that automatic PAA procedures, which are mainly applied to carry out the positional quality assessment of cartography, are valid for assessing the positional accuracy reached using other types of processes. Such is the case of the IS process presented in this study.

Carmelo Pappalardo

A letter in the archives of the Italian Geographical Society in which Paolo Bajnotti, an italian diplomat who had resided in Egypt, informs Cristoforo Negri about his trip to Palestine in 1869, before moving to Galaz for a new assignment, and about how he visited the Dead Sea thanks to the guidance of a Franciscan scholar who reported that he had personally observed that over the last ten years the level of the Dead Sea had dropped by about 95 cm, provides the opportunity for a historical overview of the exploration of the Jordan Valley from Lake Tiberias to the Gulf of Aqaba during the 19th century. What might seem to be a mere curiosity is in fact part of a very significant issue that was controversial among the geographers and cartographers of the time, as is clearly shown in Negri’s speech at the meeting of the Società Geografica Italiana on March 13th 1870. The level of the Dead Sea and the level of the Sea of Galilee, the resulting difference in height that the River Jordan has to cover with a significant average gradient, the lack of a rise in the level of the Dead Sea despite the absence of an estuary were questions that in the mid-19th century were still waiting for an answer supported by scientific data and free of pious or pseudo-scientific overtones. A numerous series of expeditions - some improvised, others well organized - gave some answers to these issues, removing any doubt and establishing that the entire hydrologic basin was significantly below the level of the Mediterranean, that the Jordan did not have a strong slope because it was very meandering, and that the Dead Sea’s level was regulated by the strong amount of evaporation that occurred throughout the year.

Eulàlia Torrent Foz, Ángel Luis Muñoz-Nieto, Diego González-Aguilera et al.

El presente artículo presenta un conjunto de desarrollos y herramientas diseñadas con el fin de automatizar el mayor número posible de los procesos de control de calidad que se realizan sobre una serie cartográfica durante las fases de mantenimiento y actualización dentro de un contexto municipal. Dado que los tiempos y recursos empleados en estas tareas son considerables, se ha diseñado una metodología que aprovecha las posibilidades de los entornos CAD y SIG para agilizar y optimizar la detección de las discrepancias entre la representación cartográfica y los parámetros establecidos por el organismo cartográfico competente, facilitando así la localización de estos errores y su  posterior revisión y corrección. El proceso de automatización se ejemplifica con las series cartográficas a gran escala del Ayuntamiento de Sabadell, lográndose una importante minimización de la intervención de los técnicos.

A. Toscano, Jeff Kinkle

A. Martínez-Graña, J. Goy, C. Zazo

M. Rylov, A. Reimer

C. Duchêne, A. Ruas, C. Cambier