Hasil untuk "Biography"

Giulia Lo Voi, Rita Luppi, Eva-Maria Thüne

Within the frame of autobiographical narratives, linguistic biographies—where speakers reflect on the experiences and attitudes toward the languages of their linguistic repertoire—reveal the complex and multifaceted subjective dimension of linguistic agency. From this perspective, the interest for language learning and language maintenance can be combined with the investigation of identity construction and reconstruction processes, even of multilingual speakers. This study examines the linguistic biography of a speaker from the former German region of East Prussia, whose identity as a refugee following the outbreak of World War II intersects and intertwines with that of the wife of an Italian Gastarbeiter (guest worker). The analysis highlights how the interviewee’s life experiences have led to a varied use of the languages of her repertoire, which serve as an expressive tool for the different facets of her identity.

Suhartawan Budianto, Devito Andharu, Ratna Kartini

This study investigated the use of U-Dictionary and Google Translate in translating English Speech into the Indonesian language. This study aimed to test whether U-Dictionary outperforms Google Translate in translating English Speech into Indonesian. The true experimental design was applied to examine the result of the translation from U-Dictionary and Google Translate. Two raters assessed the translation result from U-Dictionary and Google Translate using a translation scoring rubric (In the "Equal Variances Assumed" section, the two-tailed significance value is 0.000, which is less than 0.05). The result showed that U-Dictionary didn’t outperform Google Translate in translating English Speech into Indonesian. On the contrary, Google Translate outperformed U-Dictionary Google Translate in translating English Speech into the Indonesian language. Here, the source language is English and the target language is Indonesian language. The result strongly suggests that Google Translate app is more effective than U-Dictionary in translating English to Indonesian in relating topics such as biography, daily life, and culture of certain community. The further research is expected to investigate the efficacy of Google Translate towards U-Dictionary in different scope of discourse like economic, politic, law, and etc. Moreover, the future research may compare among Machine Translation (MT) or among translation apps.

Paweł Pryt

The aim of the article is to present the insurgent activity of Marian Dubiecki, secretary of Ruthenia in the Polish National Government of January Uprising. During his tenure, he was one of Romuald Traugutt’s closest collaborators, occupying the outbuilding next to his apartment, and a person who introduced the later dictator at the meeting of The Polish National Government. Dubiecki’s duties included correspondence with other representatives of the insurgent administration and negotiations with the “Progressive Ruthenia Group”. After minister of state Józef Kajetan Janowski left Warsaw, the secretary of Ruthenia undertook action to combine both functions. As a result of his insurgent activity, Marian Dubiecki was arrested and sentenced to exile, from which he returned in 1883. The figure of the secretary of Ruthenia has not yet been the subject of an extensive historiographical research that would comprehensively analyze his biography.

Emanuela Agostini

Actor, playwright and capocomico, Edoardo Ferravilla is the most original personality of Milanese dialect theatre and, in the comic repertoire, one of the greatest exponents of Italian scene between 19th and 20th centuries. Creator of a series of lucky characters, such as Sûr Pedrin and Tecoppa, between 1872 and 1880 is a very prolific author.

Dr. Mahmud Batal Muhamed Ahmad -

              This study spotlights the outset of Descendance of divine revelation upon the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) which is an essential stage in the Prophetic Biography. The study aims at expounding the mechanisms of scientific foundation for four major bases of Islamic Da’wah (Preaching); namely belief basis, knowledge, basis social basis, and Humane basis.In this study, the objective analytical method was followed. I have come to many conclusions, including that the beginning of Revelation is considered the fundamental beginning of the doctrinal foundation in Islam, proving the existence of God Almighty and emphasising the perfection of His names and the greatness of His attributes. This also includes the fact that the beginning of revelation constituted the cognitive foundation through which the nation came into being, inspired by a comprehensive cognitive methodology expressed in the fact that knowledge is a divine blessing, that it is not limited to a subjective framework, and that it has multiple mechanisms that require psychological and intellectual evocation.Additionally, the research findings indicated that during this stage of advocacy, there was a significant emphasis on the importance of humankind and the civilizational adventure of the mankind. This was accomplished by highlighting the remarkable accomplishments of the individual and discussing their role in advancing civilization. Furthermore, the study addressed the significance of human values as a key attribute of the prophet (SAW).

Eric Daffron

This work in autotheory documents my adoption of an interstitial lifestyle in 2021. I derived my project’s guiding concepts from Roland Barthes. After a foreword, which elucidates the project’s context, concepts, and genre, this piece turns to a series of fragments arranged by topic. Most of the fragments record my interstitial experiences or reflect on interstitial topics. In the margin are Barthes citations that inspired the project, a structural device borrowed from A Lover’s Discourse: Fragments and autotheory.

Agnieszka Mrozik, Anja Tippner

Since the fall of communism in 1989 and 1990/91 literature has dealt with this epochal societal change, trying to come to terms with the past and assessing its influence on the present. In the last years the focus has turned towards the era of late socialism, that is the 1970s and 1980s. Many writers who attempt to present and reevaluate these decades and their ongoing influence on biographies and societies today grew up or came of age in this era. Our main contention is that different forms of life-writing, especially autofictions and autobiographical novels, have become the dominant narrative device for addressing and narrating the socialist past. Accordingly, the contributions to this cluster explore the era of late socialism, examining its different and often contested meanings not only from the perspective of the past but also from the perspective of today. Thus, we explore the role of autobiographical writing in commemorating the past as well as in demonstrating the demise of socialism, as represented in contemporary literatures in Czech, Polish, Romanian, and Russian.

Oxana A. Koval, Ekaterina B. Kriukova

The research is dedicated to literary reception of Martin Heidegger, one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. His life and his work still produce the keen interest both coming from the community of professionals and from the most unbiased audience. After the publication of the “Black Notebooks”, Heidegger’s cooperation with the Nazi authorities in 1933 no longer seems an unfortunate episode, which can be attributed to political short-sightedness. The dependence of Heidegger’s views on collective and social prejudices falls into the space of literature long before becoming the subject of a philosophical judgement. In a variety of literary works, the philosopher persona has been developed in quite a surprising way. On the one hand, the familiar concept of fundamental ontology gets looked at, critically and uniquely, through a lens of fiction. On the other hand, Heidegger’s biography itself perfectly fits into literary self-reflexivity, which was never designed to differentiate one’s actions from one’s theories. Represented by this paper, the first part of the work has several objectives: 1) to justify the legality of writers and poets to make judgments about complex philosophical constructions – on the material of the texts, where there are reminiscences of famous Heidegger themes (works of S. Lem, S. Bellow, J. Améry, J.-P. Sartre, O. Paz, G. Benn, R. Queneau, B. Hrabal, T. Różewicz are attracted); 2) to reproduce a biographical component of Heidegger’s philosophy through the prism of various literary experiences (C. Magris, A. Skidan, J. Semprún, D. Barthelme), chronologically covering the period of his life from birth to regular professor at the University of Freiburg; 3) to demonstrate the epistemological resource of fiction: it combines mental, verbal, temporal, as well as intersubjective and political dimensions in its narrative, and thus gives not only a multifaceted portrait of the thinker in the cultural and historical decorations of his time, but also an idea of changes in the general spiritual climate caused by social transformation in the postwar world.

Pavel E. Fokin

Throughout Dostoevsky's life, reading newspapers was one of the most important sources of his inspiration. Reading newspapers, Dostoevsky drew on real factual material that reflected both the characteristic phenomens of the postreform Russian reality and the most incredible “adventures” of lost human souls and hearts. Daily acquaintance with the latest news from Russian and world life was an essential necessity for Dostoevsky. Even while abroad, he regularly visited libraries to read the most recent Russian newspapers. Journalism was inherent in his type of thinking and personality. He began his literary career as a newspaper feuilletonist; in 1873–1874, he edited the Grazhdanin (The Citizen) weekly; in1876–1877, his monojournal A Writer's Diary was focused on Russian and European periodicals. In 1881, having completed his novel The Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky decided to resume the publication of A Writer's Diary. He prepared only one issue which came out on the day of his funeral. The manuscript collection of the Vladimir Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature contains Anna Dostoevskaya’s collection that includes a memorial copy of the last newspaper read by Dostoevsky on the eve of his fatal illness, the Novoe Vremya (The New Time) newspaper, No. 1764 dated January 25 (February 6) 1881. This item is a valuable biographical material and allows one to put additional touches on the picture of Dostoevsky's intellectual life of his last days. The article provides an overview of the newspaper’s contents contextualized within Dostoevsky's spiritual, political, and aesthetic interests and particularly within the articles included in the first issue of The Diary of a Writer for 1881 and the preparatory materials for it.

Olivera S. Marković

У раду се из угла постколонијалне критике анализирају два аутобиографска романа Џона М. Куција – Дечаштво: сцене из провинцијског живота и Младост. У првом делу рада расправља се о карактеристикама жанра autrebiography, што је ознака коју је сâм Куци употребио у вези са својим романом Дечаштво. Схватајући поменути жанр као тип историографске метафикције у којем је фокус стављен на питање другости, знања/моћи, односа истине и фикције, ауторка усмерава интерпретацију на проблеме дискурзивног конструисања идентитета аутобиографског субјекта у контексту сложене друштвено-политичке ситуације Јужне Африке, a нарочито на проблем јунакове идентитетске потраге у вези са његовим односом према другости (Другом и другом). На крају рада расправља се о мотиву фарме као о простору хетеротопије, при чему је дати мотив схваћен као назнака могућности постојања субјекта изван граница насиља и другости, симбол јунаковог преображаја и чворна тачка преко које јунак успоставља континуитет са собом и другима. Поред тога, подвучена је важност отворених завршетака Куцијевих романа у вези са његовим инсистирањем на немогућности говорења са другим, и показано на који начин такви завршеци кореспондирају са Куцијевим схватањем аутобиографије као секуларне исповести.

Anton Gajdoš

NINA BOCHAROVA (24 September 1924 Suprunovka, Ukraina – 31. August 2020 Roma, Italy)

Valentina Parisi, Elena Andrushchenko, Iaroslav Golubinov

Valentina Parisi N. Punin, L’arte in rivolta. Pietrogrado 1917, traduzione e cura di Nadia Cicognini, Guerini e associati, Milano, 2020. Elena Andrushchenko “Лилина история, ее поэзия, ее образ...” (Рецензия на книгу Елены Погорелой Черубина де Габриак. Неверная комета, Молодая гвардия, Москва, 2020). Iaroslav Golubinov Л. Никифорова, М. Кизилов, Айн Рэнд, Молодая гвардия, Москва 2020.

Hosein Mmasjedi, Ahmad Reza Mansoori

Abstract The Shiraz and Mamasani Conquest by Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji and his dominance over this land and the whole Fars State, from 1834 to1836 AD is one of the most important historical events in Fars and Iran during the Qajar dynasty. In his manuscript, ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh’, written in his name to describe his political life, intentionally or unintentionally, the events that happened during these two years are briefly and practically distorted. Unfortunately, in other first-hand sources, only brief and repetitive references to this period have been made. This paper aims at explaining Shiraz and Mamasani Conquest by Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh and his political style in Fars based on first-hand sources. Moreover, this article also discusses the importance of why the state of Fars has been so important in the eyes of the Qajar government and has always been the center of discord and policy-making. Introduction This paper is based on the memoir ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh’, applying a personal historiographical method to describe the biography of a Qajar politic called Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji, written in 1843 AD. As the title shows, this memoir praises him; however, it is worth mentioning that Mirza Mohammad Ali Bahar, through his talent and subtlety in writing, has portrayed his personality and behavior. The main question in this paper is why a memoir, written to portray Motamed-al-Dowleh’s conquests, has only briefly mentioned Shiraz and Mamasani conquest even though this is one of his most important achievements. Surprisingly, other sources have ignored what has happened during these two years too. It seems that the conquest had been so disastrous that a memoir, which aimed at praising a governor, had to hide the facts. Other sources, however, need to be searched considering why they had refrained from mentioning these events. The author is Mirza Mohammad Ali Mazhab Isfahani, called Farhang/Bahar. In a long ‘introduction’, he explains the dominance of Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji. Manoochehr Khan Gorji had a noble family in Georgia, Russia. He was captured in 1803 during the Iran-Russia wars and was taken to Tehran. It seems that he was castrated by the government and was sent as a slave to the king’s palace. This painful misfortune left a lifelong psychological effect on him. He used his culture and knowledge of some languages and political talent to find an important place in the palace. After Mirza Abdolvahab Nishat Isfahani died in 1829, Manoochehr Khan replaced him. During Fath-Ali Shah and Mohammad Shah, two Qajar kings, he became the governor of Fars. Materials & Methods This research is a library and contrastive analysis of first-hand sources to explain the subject of research according to the memoir ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh.’ Different sources have mentioned the events very briefly. The authors of this study used the contrastive method to collect different parts like a puzzle from different sources to put forward a holistic picture of what had happened during those two years. Discussion of Results & Conclusions Motamed Al-Dowleh had authority over the affairs. According to many sources, he helped Mohammad Shah to strengthen his power over Tehran, Isfahan, and Fars. Later, Mohammad Mirza joined Motamed Al-Dowleh, the governor of Guilan to fight against other claimants. Georgians supported Mohammad Shah in all affairs. Motamed Al-Dowleh was sent to conquer Fars state in 1834. He then passed the doors of Fars and conquered the State in that year after three days. After a while, he attacked country people to get their property. It seems that most of these issues are not mentioned in the memoir, issues like the suicide of women in Fars. As it is observed in general histories, local sources, and other reports, the government of Manoochehr Khan on Fars state and nearby states had been a government of terror and horror. The tower that he made out of living human bodies of Fars was so horrendous, which is reflected in the itineraries of travelers. The reason behind this inhuman atrocity maybe for his ruthless personality. Even based on psychological studies, it is possible to find a type of suppressed anguish and anger resulted from his castration. Furthermore, Fars state was a wealthy state because of farming and trading, therefore the central government advised governors to use force to get high taxes from states’ heads, tradesmen. Then the central government played the role of a savior by dismissing the governor and confiscating the properties. This happened about Manoochehr Khan too.     It is not strange why a memoir written about Motamed Al-Dowleh has ignored his inhumane atrocities. Based on documents, his two-year government on Fars was a government of deception. The researchers have to collect the parts of the puzzle form different texts to conclude what had happened to urban and rural societies during the Qajar was a dark, ruthless image.

SJ Hosseini, M Khoshbakht, S Ahmadzadeh et al.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a lysosomal storage disorder and autosomal recessive caused by arylsulfatase B deficiency in the body and progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycan in different organs. Considering that this disease has low prevalence in Iran and worldwide, we report a case of MPS VI diagnosis in this study. CASE REPORT: A five-year-old boy was referred to Imam Khomeini Clinic in Esfarayen due to impaired growth and dyspnea. In the biography of this boy, there is the history of previous hospitalization due to dyspnea when he was three months, two years and three years old and was treated with antibiotics and salbutamol spray for three days each time. The pediatrician got suspicious of MPS because of the child's peculiar face. Blood tests were performed in terms of the levels of lysosomal enzymes and the urine sample was sent to the Metabolic Laboratory of Hamburg University Medical Center to study the glycosaminoglycan levels. After six months, the results of the tests indicated low levels of serum arylsulfatase B and the increase in chondroitin and urinary levels of dermatan sulfate. To investigate the presence of complications, echocardiography, electromyography, eye and ear examinations as well as radiography for chest, back, hip and hand were performed. Clinical and paraclinical findings confirmed the MPS VI disease and therefore, treatment with naglazyme enzyme was started for the patient. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this case report, growth impairment, history of hospitalization due to respiratory problems and the patient’s peculiar face are key points for further investigation regarding MPS VI disease.

Olga Vilenovna Volosyuk

This article deals with the process of the establishment of Russian-Spanish relations in the 18th century and the role of one of the most distinguished Russian diplomats at the court of Catherine II Stepan Zinoviev who spent amost 20 years in Madrid (1772-1794). The study is based largely on manuscripts (diplomatic and other correspondence) from the Archives of External Policy of the Russian Empire in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and fills a gap in the research of Russian foreign policy of the 18th century and the Russian-Spanish relations. Catherine’s foreign interests were focused toward the major states of Northern Europe, but she also tried to strengthen the position of the Russian Empire in Europe, to embed the country in the European 'Balance of Power' by establishing diplomatic relations with all European countries. In this sense, the Iberian Peninsula was not wholly without significance for Russia. The political unions of Russia with the outlying countries, as Spain, depended not only on the international situation in Europe in the second half of the 18th century but on the image of the country that was created by Russians who visited Spain at that time. The position of diplomats was particularly important - they were almost the only ones, except for merchants and sailors, who visited that country and it is on the basis of their reports that Russia's foreign policy in relation to Spain was built in the 18th century. Based on the reports of Zinoviev we can reconstruct the images of such important political figures as the King Charles III, Secretary of State Count of Floridablanca and the other ministers of the Spanish government. The biography of the outstanding Russian diplomat - Stepan Zinoviev is presented in this article for the first time.

Paulo Estêvão Andrade, Joydeep Bhattacharya

In her paper Schaefer (2014) provides a relevant amount of behavioral and neuroimaging evidence within and outside the realm of music favoring the notion that predictive processing plays a prominent role in the coupling of perception, cognition and action, and further, that imagery and active perception are closely associated with each other. Central to this review is that research into music imagery is exceptionally suitable and informative since prediction has a prominent role in music processing. In this commentary we suggest that it could be useful to investigate the role of working memory in this context since imagery and memory are inextricably associated processes. In addition to neuroimaging we also highlight that anthropological and developmental evidence could be relevant in showing that music is possibly unique in the coupling of perception, cognition and action. However, we believe that greater caution is needed regarding the author’s assumption that perception and interpretation of music is uniquely determined by the listening biography of the listener.

O Yu Aleynikov, A G Kovalenko

The article reveals main periods of biography of well-known Russian researcher of Russian Literature professor A.S. Kaprov. List of his most important achievements and main works are given. The description of his role and activity for new generation of literary researchers is being launched. His biography starting at the end of 1950th is tightly connected with the mainstream of literary criticism of the epoch

Xavier Hallez

Turar Ryskulov: the Career of a Kazakh Revolutionary Leader during the Construction of the New Soviet State, 1917-1926 This article is about the biography of a young Kazakh born in the last decade of the 19th century, Turar Ryskulov (1894-1938), who was an essential actor of the revolutionary period in Russian Turkestan. The approach of this brief biography will follow the line of a definition of the national and the nation. The postulate is that the identity is tackled through a political understanding and that it is chosen among multiple pre-existing or invented designations. National identity is a moving construction, favoring one of the possible designations depending on the needs of a group in the struggle for power. Ryskulov began his political activity with the idea of a common Kirghiz interest, then went through the Muslim and Turkic designations. Finally, he had to submit to a soviet Kazakh one. Against the Russian colonial heritage, Ryskulov’s political project was to offer a real place for his Turkestani compatriot in the new soviet regime. He thought it through a unified Turkestan beyond Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen or Tajik designations. Turar Ryskulov: kariera kazachskiego przywódcy rewolucyjnego w epoce tworzenia nowego państwa radzieckiego, 1917-1926 Artykuł dotyczy biografii młodego Kazacha urodzonego w ostatniej dekadzie XIX wieku, Turara Ryskulova (1894-1938); Ryskulov był kluczowym aktorem okresu rewolucyjnego w radzieckim Turkiestanie. Jego krótka biografia będzie się koncentrować wokół definicji narodu oraz tożsamości narodowej. W myśl przesłanki wyjściowej tożsamość kształtuje się zgodnie z interpretacją polityczną i jest wynikiem wyboru spośród wielu uprzednich lub wymyślonych kategorii. Tożsamość narodowa to konstrukcja płynna, skłaniająca się do jednej pośród możliwych kategorii w zależności od potrzeb grupy walczącej o władzę. Ryskulov w początkach kariery politycznej głosił ideę wspólnych interesów Kirgizów, następnie przychylał się do identyfikacji muzułmańskiej i turkmeńskiej. W końcu musiał się podporządkować radzieckiej tożsamości kazachskiej. W opozycji do spadku po rosyjskim kolonializmie projekt polityczny Ryskulova dążył do znalezienia rzeczywistej roli dla jego turkiestańskich rodaków w nowym, radzieckim reżimie. Dostrzegał ją w zjednoczonym Turkiestanie, ponad określeniami takimi jak Kazach, Uzbek, Turkmen czy Tadżyk.

K. F. Fernbom

R. TRIFFIN

The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Robert Triffin provides personal reflections on his career, his personal brand of practical economics, and his life philosophy.   JEL: B31