Hasil untuk "Risk in industry. Risk management"

P. Urban, R. Mehran, R. Colleran et al.

Abstract Identification and management of patients at high bleeding risk undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention are of major importance, but a lack of standardization in defining this population limits trial design, data interpretation, and clinical decision-making. The Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) is a collaboration among leading research organizations, regulatory authorities, and physician-scientists from the United States, Asia, and Europe focusing on percutaneous coronary intervention–related bleeding. Two meetings of the 31-member consortium were held in Washington, DC, in April 2018 and in Paris, France, in October 2018. These meetings were organized by the Cardiovascular European Research Center on behalf of the ARC-HBR group and included representatives of the US Food and Drug Administration and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, as well as observers from the pharmaceutical and medical device industries. A consensus definition of patients at high bleeding risk was developed that was based on review of the available evidence. The definition is intended to provide consistency in defining this population for clinical trials and to complement clinical decision-making and regulatory review. The proposed ARC-HBR consensus document represents the first pragmatic approach to a consistent definition of high bleeding risk in clinical trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of devices and drug regimens for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Hyeon W. Park, Matthew J. Valente, Valsin Fournet et al.

Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria species, is a significant disease affecting the poultry industry worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses due to reduced flock performance. Effective vaccination strategies require the precise quantification of the dosage of viable Eimeria oocysts to induce immunity in young chicks without causing disease. However, current methods for determining oocyst viability rely on sophisticated equipment and are not effective for routine monitoring. Recently, we documented the presence of granular structures exclusively in dead oocysts using high-resolution microscopic imaging. Hence, this study aimed to develop a simple, cost-effective approach using deep learning-based models to distinguish viable from non-viable Eimeria oocysts using morphological features, including the presence/absence of granular structures. Phase-contrast (PC), differential interference contrast (DIC), and brightfield (BF) imaging were employed to capture E. acervulina oocysts. The performance of a deep convolutional neural network based on the YOLOv7 architecture was evaluated for viability detection. Results indicated that the model trained with PC images outperformed those trained with DIC and BF, achieving overall precision and recall of 93.1 % and 91.2 %, respectively. Further dataset refinement, including class-specific labeling for sporulated, unsporulated, and dead oocysts, enhanced model performance, achieving an overall precision and recall of 99.1 % and 99.1 %, respectively. Cross-species evaluation of the method demonstrated that the model trained on E. acervulina generalized well to E. tenella, achieving 100 % overall precision and 98.1 % recall without additional training, whereas initial cross-species performance for E. maxima was substantially lower (43.5 % of overall recall), likely due to its larger oocyst size, but exceeded 95 % accuracy after fine-tuning with an E. maxima-specific dataset. This study highlights the potential of deep learning approaches to provide a practical, rapid, and reliable method for evaluating Eimeria oocyst viability, contributing to improved vaccine formulation and better coccidiosis management in the poultry industry. This proof of principle may also find application in assessing the viability of related parasites, such as Cyclospora cayetanensis, that pose a risk to human health and food safety.

R. Ding, Mingzhi Liu, Tingting Wang et al.

Abstract This study explores the influence of climate risk on properties of firms’ financial reporting practices with observations collected from 64 countries between 2005 and 2016. We use a country-level climate risk indicator developed by Germanwatch to measure the degree of damage from extreme weather events, and find that climate risk positively influences firms’ engagements in both accruals-based and real earnings management. Furthermore, we document that the above-mentioned effects of climate risk are moderated by the quality of country-level public governance. Subsample analysis suggests that the main effect of climate risk on earnings management is more pronounced for firms from developed countries, for firms in environment-sensitive industries, and for firms reporting losses. Our findings, which are supported by a battery of robustness tests, have important implication for regulators and policymakers.

Anwulika Ogechukwu Scott, P. Amajuoyi, Kudirat Bukola Adeusi

Credit risk remains a critical concern for financial institutions, especially in the context of economic uncertainties and volatile market conditions. This paper examines the importance of credit risk mitigation strategies and presents solutions for reducing exposure in financial institutions. The research focuses on various strategies employed by banks and other financial institutions to manage credit risk effectively. The paper begins with an overview of credit risk and its significance in the banking industry. It discusses the various types of credit risk faced by financial institutions, including default risk, concentration risk, and systemic risk. The paper then highlights the importance of credit risk mitigation strategies in reducing the impact of these risks on financial institutions' balance sheets and profitability. Next, the paper explores different credit risk mitigation strategies used by financial institutions. These strategies include diversification of credit portfolios, collateralization of loans, credit derivatives, and credit insurance. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and provides examples of how these strategies have been implemented successfully in the banking industry. Furthermore, the paper examines the role of regulatory authorities in overseeing credit risk management practices in financial institutions. It discusses the regulatory framework for credit risk management and highlights the importance of compliance with regulatory requirements in mitigating credit risk. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion on the future of credit risk mitigation strategies in financial institutions. It emphasizes the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to new market conditions and regulatory requirements. The paper also stresses the importance of integrating credit risk management into overall risk management frameworks to ensure a comprehensive and effective approach to managing risk in financial institutions. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the importance of credit risk mitigation strategies in financial institutions and offers practical solutions for reducing exposure to credit risk. It serves as a useful resource for financial professionals, regulators, and policymakers seeking to enhance their understanding of credit risk management practices in the banking industry.

Rasulya R. Aetdinova

Background. The transition to a new technological system brings greater relevance to engineering education. The requirements for the training of future engineers include universal and professional competencies and the formation of a specialist who can ensure the safety of industrial production and timely reduction of risk factors. This creates the need to implement risk-oriented training of future engineers. Purpose.  Analysis of scientific approaches to professional development of engineering specialists with risk competences. Materials and methods. The research methods used were general-knowledge level (inductive-deductive analysis, concretisation and generalization) and specific-science level (systematization and generalisation of concepts, content analysis). Results. The training of engineers in managing occupational and technological risks is an objective necessity, on the one hand due to the government’s related to creating conditions for the professional development of specialists in the field of industrial safety management, on the other hand, accelerating the development of Industry 4.0, which intensifies technological processes and increases the risk of man-made accidents. The introduction of a risk-based approach to university activities, content and structure provides the basis for developing the risk preparedness of engineers and other professionals. The implementation of the safety engineer training programmes is based on the developed regulatory framework (federal laws and regulations, ISO standards).  Risk-oriented professional development includes training of future engineers and shaping their competency risks. The author notes that the development of risk management skills in the area of professional and technological risk management is carried out as part of an active and interactive learning process using digital tools. The practical value of the study is related to the disclosure of the main directions of professional development of future engineers, oriented on risk. EDN: NUTIZI

Daniela R. Farias, Rolando Ibarra, Felipe Tucca et al.

Background: Chilean salmon aquaculture, a sector crucial for global food security, faces persistent challenges from bacterial pathogens, particularly <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i>, resulting in substantial antimicrobial use (351.1 tons in 2024). Objective and methods: To address this issue, the “Sustainable Management of Aquaculture Bacterial Diseases” workshop convened 27 experts to develop a roadmap for prudent antimicrobial stewardship, with the goal of informing public policies and industry best practices. Discussions focused on four critical areas. Results: Antimicrobial Resistance Prevention recognized aquaculture’s dual role in antimicrobial resistance development, underscoring its ecological dimension, the need for international collaboration, proactive policy design, and the establishment of comprehensive “One Health” surveillance systems guided by expert committees. Communication and Education identified critical gaps in specialized veterinary aquaculture training and public outreach, advocating for interdisciplinary teams and clear communication strategies, with a projected timeline of a decade for effective implementation. Therapeutic Alternatives acknowledged current limitations of vaccines against <i>P. salmonis</i> but underscored promising Chilean innovations, including the use of plant extracts, gut-microbiota modulation, and passive immunotherapy, as well as the importance of early intervention. Finally, environmental impact discussions revealed data deficiencies in aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the need for advanced molecular tools, adaptive regulatory frameworks, and harmonized requirements for environmental risk-assessment procedures. Conclusions: The workshop’s findings provide a vital framework for advancing sustainable antimicrobial use within the Chilean salmon industry as a case study. The insights and lessons derived from this sector can significantly contribute to global aquaculture’s transition toward sustainability, providing a solid foundation for developing a comprehensive roadmap and universally applicable recommendations for stakeholders across aquaculture and other animal-farming industries worldwide. This roadmap, with its essential components, is designed to enhance the understanding of AMU in farmed salmon through a One Health approach, incorporating global guidance for all aquaculture stakeholders.

Nuri Latifannisa, Yuri Rahmi, Zul Afdal

This analysis is based on previous research that focused more on Sharia operational aspects, such as Sharia-based financial products or the Islamic banking system, while the understanding of compliance with Sharia principles in various industry sectors to support Sustainable Business Performance (SBP) is still limited. This study aims to identify, review, and systematize previous research on the impact of compliance with Sharia principles on SBP. The methodology used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA method with a period of 2020-2024. The results of the study show that compliance with Sharia principles has a significant impact on SBP.  Sharia compliance provides an opportunity to build consumer trust, expand access to a wider market, and improve financial resilience and corporate stability, especially through more prudent risk management and the absence of adverse practices.

Zaman Sajid, A. K. Gamperl, Christopher C. Parrish et al.

Mass mortality events (MMEs) are defined as the death of large numbers of fish over a short period of time. These events can result in catastrophic losses to the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry and the local economy. However, they are challenging to understand because of their relative infrequency and the high number of potential factors involved. As a result, the causes and consequences of MMEs in Atlantic salmon aquaculture are not well understood. In this study, we developed a structural network of causal risk factors for MMEs for aquaculture and the communities that depend on Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique, we analysed the causes of Atlantic salmon mass mortalities due to environmental (abiotic), biological (biotic) and nutritional risk factors. The consequences of MMEs were also assessed for the occupational health and safety of aquaculture workers and their implications for the livelihoods of local communities. This structural network deepens our understanding of MMEs and points to management actions and interventions that can help mitigate mass mortalities. MMEs are typically not the result of a single risk factor but are caused by the systematic interaction of risk factors related to the environment, fish diseases, feeding/nutrition and cage‐site management. Results also indicate that considerations of health and safety risk, through pre‐ and post‐event risk assessments, may help to minimize workplace injuries and eliminate potential risks of human fatalities. Company and government‐assisted socio‐economic measures could help mitigate post‐mass mortality impacts. Appropriate and timely management actions may help reduce MMEs at Atlantic salmon cage sites and minimize the physical and social vulnerabilities of workers and local communities.

M. M. Carvalho, Roque Rabechini Junior

This study aims to elucidate the relationship between risk management and project success, considering the contingent effect of project complexity. This approach also combines aspects of soft and hard skills. This methodological approach involves a literature review to underpin the conceptual framework and a survey for empirical validation, using structural equation modelling. The hypotheses were tested based on a field study involving 263 projects distributed among eight industries. The fieldwork involved interviews with project managers and risk managers and an analysis of internal company documents about the projects’ performance. The structural model presented herein provides a means for correlating the hard and soft sides of risk management with project success, understanding the moderating effect of project complexity. The soft side of risk management appears most prominently and explains 10.7% of the effect on project success. Moreover, the soft side supports the hard side, since we found a significant correlation that explains 25.3% of the effect on the hard side.

F. Khan, Rioshar Yarveisy, R. Abbassi

Abstract Pipelines are the most vital energy-transportation mediums of today’s energy-intensive economies. To a level, pipeline integrity is tied to the continuous development and robustness of modern societies, where major failures may result in dire environmental, societal, and economic consequences. Therefore, pipeline safety and integrity are crucial for a sustainable future and responsible development. Pipeline integrity management has been a topic of interest for regulators, practitioners, and academicians alike. Over the past four decades, integrity management has evolved from prescriptive visual inspection and assessment to risk-based integrity management using real-time data. This paper aims to capture the evolution of risk-based methods in integrity management, focusing on the last two decades. The paper answers four primary questions: 1 What is integrity management, and how has it evolved? 2 How does the concept of risk fit in integrity management? 3 What are the methods used to assess and manage pipeline integrity? 4 How will integrity accommodate Industry 4.0? This article briefly defines the term integrity, how it has progressed and subsequently provides a structured review and analysis of the public domain literature. The paper focuses on risk-based methods adopted to different integrity management elements and applied at different stages of the pipeline’s life cycle. The paper concludes by evaluating the research progress, the gaps in knowledge, and their implication on adopting Industry 4.0.

Crystal May BROWN, Rene OOSTHUIZEN, Roman TANDLICH

Adaptation and changes to the management of infectious diseases result from human research, knowledge gathering, interpretation and applications. Findings from the current study clearly point to the nature of the policy and disaster risk management response to COVID19, as having characteristics of a super-wicked problem. This provides an explanation for the sometimes diverging strategies in tackling the impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on humans and the surrounding socio-ecological systems. Solutions to the pandemic and its long-term outcomes will have to take into account the disparity of impacts and pre-disaster conditions.

Amira Elnokaly, Ibrahim Dogonyaro

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is advancing within the construction industry. However, there are several risks and challenges associated with the implementation process. Nowadays, there is a lack of research on management strategies to minimize or eradicate these risk factors. The objective of this work is to assess and select the most appropriate theoretical framework to examine the interrelations between risk factors and management strategies based on the publications available in Scopus and Google Scholar. Information has been processed using NVivo 12 Pro software via thematic and content analysis to extract risk factors and suitable theories/theoretical lens. The analysis reveals that the DeLone and McLean information systems (IS) success model is appropriate to examine risk factors within technical aspects from a single-dimensional perspective, while the Socio-technical system theory is preferred for considering socio-technical aspects from a multidimensional perspective. Thus, the new approach merges two concepts, namely, BIM-based construction networks and Leavitt socio-technical model, to analyze the situation in a more holistic manner. This article explores the theoretical concepts of risks in the BIM implementation and various methodological approaches from previous BIM and other information technology (IT)-related studies. The findings provide evidence from a single-dimensional perspective extending to areas with limited research such as the amalgamated aspects. Therefore, they establish a robust and adaptable theoretical framework with global relevance contributing to the generation of new knowledge. Further research is recommended to assess the financial and contractual theories for verification in BIM studies.

Abhishek Mehra, G. Budi

In underground metal mining, ensuring the stability of pillars considered as a principal apprehension, given the likelihood of stress increase and relief leading to dynamic pillar failure. Through a detailed analysis examining stress concentration factor (SCF), deformation and yielding surrounding crown and rib pillars, this study explores the impact of various rock mass parameters. A detailed investigation utilizing non-linear 3D numerical models, governed by Mohr–Coulomb elastoplastic failure criteria, is conducted by manipulating seven variables: working depth (D), uniaxial compressive strength (σci), modulus of elasticity (Em), geological strength index (GSI), crown pillar thickness (TC), rib pillar thickness (TR), and stope width (WS). The findings suggest that increasing D from 230 m level to 290 m level exhibits a 6.62% decrease in major SCF, a substantial 26.37% decrease in minor SCF, and a noteworthy 119.9% increases in yield around crown pillars. Also, at lower depths, the rib pillar experiences a 243.31% increase in yield zone. Present study also exhibits possible failure of pillars in terms of factor of safety (FoS). This study offers crucial insight essential for optimizing pillar design and improving safety of the mine which further benefits industry financially by altering additional operational cost.

Recca Ayu Hapsari , Mahkota Djati Sinto Resmi, Melisa Safitri

Financial technology represents a significant innovation in Indonesia’s financial sector, encompassing regulation, practice, and oversight. While fintech has expanded rapidly, the surge in users has led to more complex products. This complexity increases the susceptibility of fintech to abuses, heightening risks of fraud, money laundering, and predatory lending. To mitigate these risks, the implementation of financial technology must be rigorously regulated and supervised, supported by advancements in regulatory and supervisory technology. This study aims to conduct a juridical analysis of regulatory and supervisory technology in the financial technology industry, exploring how these technologies are applied to enhance compliance and oversight. This study uses empirical methods with a qualitative-descriptive analysis approach and a socio-legal approach. The study results found that regulatory technology and supervisory technology are regulated in Articles 19 and 22 of the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 13/POJK.02/2018 concerning Digital Financial Innovation in the Financial Services Sector. Financial technology operators carry out regulatory technology implementation with five basic regulatory technology implementation programs, namely e-KYC, e-reporting, fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and risk management, as well as the application of supervisory technology carried out by regulators with five basic programs for implementing supervisory technology, namely in the form of data analytics, e-reporting, tax reporting mining, customer support technology, and e-licensing.

D. Ivanov, S. Sethi, A. Dolgui et al.

D. Köksal, Jochen Strähle, M. Müller et al.

So far, a vast amount of studies on sustainability in supply chain management have been conducted by academics over the last decade. Nevertheless, socially related aspects are still neglected in the related discussion. The primary motivation of the present literature review has arisen from this shortcoming, thus the key purpose of this study is to enrich the discussion by providing a state-of-the-art, focusing exclusively on social issues in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) by considering the textile/apparel sector as the field of application. The authors conduct a literature review, including content analysis which covers 45 articles published in English peer-reviewed journals, and proposes a comprehensive map which integrates the latest findings on socially related practices in the textile/apparel industry with the dominant conceptualization in order to reveal potential research areas in the field. The results show an ongoing lack of investigation regarding the social dimension of the triple bottom line in SSCM. Findings indicate that a company’s internal orientation is the main assisting factor in sustainable supply chain management practices. Further, supplier collaboration and assessment can be interpreted as an offer for suppliers deriving from stakeholders and a focal company’s management of social risk. Nevertheless, suppliers do also face or even create huge barriers in improving their social performance. This calls for more empirical research and qualitative or quantitative survey methods, especially at the supplier level located in developing countries.

Marziyeh Rafiean Esfahani, Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh, Mahshid Shahchera et al.

Profitability and risk indicators are considered factors for evaluating financial and banking systems. A bank is considered stronger than another if it is stable and capable of absorbing risks. This research aims to investigate the influence of factors affecting the risk and profitability of banks, emphasizing the role of government credits. The study's statistical population is all banks in the central bank’s database between 2005 and 2019. In this study, to investigate the factors affecting profitability in the banking industry of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the emphasis was on the role of government credit. The Generalized Method of Moments System (GMM-SYS) was used. The results show that while previous government loans and credits have a negative and significant effect on banks’ profitability, current government loans and credits have a positive and significant effect on risk. The high level of government loans and credits, as an indicator of financial development, and the high level of domestic investment, indicate the development of a country’s financial systems. In countries where the financial system emphasizes public sector payments, transaction costs, risk control and management, and savings mobility are higher than in other countries. Specifically, the highest rates are in high-income countries, indicating the role of banks in the financial markets of those countries.

Washington Barbosa, Luiz Ricardo Moreira, Gilson Brito et al.

This proposal presents the Sociotechnical Construction of Risks, Ergonomics, and the two principles of the Proactive Approach to Safety, Risks, and Emergencies, the Structured Sociotechnical Approach and Dynamics of Proactive Safety intending to complement traditional risk assessments, and prevent and Mitigating Major and Fatal Negative Events, the in organizations such as cases of the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger, the nuclear accident in Fukushima, the Texas City Refinery and the explosion in the Port of Beirut, among others. To propose these two principles, case studies were developed at Fiocruz, and in organizations, sectors, and activities, a bibliographic review on theses, dissertations, reports from regulatory bodies, books, scientific articles, and media articles, on major and fatal negative events, and ergonomics, socio-technical approach, and resilience engineering. A tragedy prevention course was created, with four free online consultation modules, based on cases of major negative events. These principles redirect the focus from human error to Focus on the Structured Sociotechnical System and Focus on the Dynamics of Proactive Safety. It is proposed that these two principles can provide us with bases for analysis, to prevent and minimize Major and Fatal Negative Events, and are a complement to traditional risk assessments.

Bin Shi, S. Su, Cuiju Wen et al.

Background Benzene poisoning is a common occupational poisoning event in the printing industries. Up to now there is still a lack of research data on risk assessment of benzene operations in enclosed workshops. It is crucial to assess the risk level of these positions and put forward effective measures and suggestions. Methods The information of selected companies and air samples were collected through on-site investigation, data collation and sample testing were carried out according to the requirements of Chinese standards. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Essential, the EPA non-carcinogenic risk assessment model, the Singapore exposure index method and the Chinese semi-quantitative risk assessment models were used to assess the risks of benzene. Results The exposed groups all worked more than 8 h per day, and the cleaning, pasting, and packaging groups used general ventilation rather than local ventilation. 28.6% of the printing group and 16.7% of the pasting group had benzene concentrations that exceeded the permissible concentration-time weighted average (PC-TWA) in China. Over 60.0% of the work groups were evaluated at high risk and over 20% of the work groups were evaluated at high cancer risk by the risk assessment models. Conclusion The Chinese exposure index method and the synthesis index method may have a stronger practicability. The printing and pasting groups may have a higher risk for benzene exposure. It is necessary to increase protective measures and strengthen occupational hygiene management to reduce risks.

N. Vajjhala, K. Strang

Risks can be identified, evaluated, and mitigated, but the underlying uncertainty remains elusive. Risk is present across all industries and sectors. As a result, organizations and governments worldwide are currently experiencing higher levels of risk and have had to make risky decisions during times of crisis and instability, including the COVID-19 pandemic, economic and climate perils, and global tensions surrounding terrorism. It is essential that new studies are undertaken to understand strategies taken during these times to better equip business leaders to navigate risk management in the future. © 2022 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.