Hasil untuk "Photography"

Caroline Chevallier

Polina Lemenkova

This work presents the use of remote sensing data for land cover mapping with a case of Central Apennines, Italy. The data include 8 Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) satellite images in six-year period (2018–2024). The operational workflow included satellite image processing which were classified into raster maps with automatically detected 10 classes of land cover types over the tested study. The approach was implemented by using a set of modules in Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS). To classify remote sensing (RS) data, two types of approaches were carried out. The first is unsupervised classification based on the MaxLike approach and clustering which extracted Digital Numbers (DN) of landscape feature based on the spectral reflectance of signals, and the second is supervised classification performed using several methods of Machine Learning (ML), technically realised in GRASS GIS scripting software. The latter included four ML algorithms embedded from the Python’s Scikit-Learn library. These classifiers have been implemented to detect subtle changes in land cover types as derived from the satellite images showing different vegetation conditions in spring and autumn periods in central Apennines, northern Italy.

Sam Hawksford White

This article develops a new approach for using photographic sources that might be of interest to American Studies scholars whose research contributes broadly to environmental education. Over the past forty years of photographic scholarship, scientific and other record images have become relatively prominent as primary sources. This visual material can be used to interrogate past responses to flooding and other environmental events. On the other hand, discourses around social documentary continue to frame how the human impacts of rapidly changing environments are visualised. By comparing two sets of images from the 1930s, the article juxtaposes the approaches of photographers associated with these two conventionally distinct areas to offer a more rounded view of flood photography. The discussion starts with a reflective section detailing how I arrived at my current research project. Following this, the categories of scientific and social documentary photography are described relationally in the context of the agencies of the New Deal, in the process setting out an argument for the contribution that engaged visuality can make to Environmental American Studies. Afterwards, the attention shifts to focus on images from two official contexts. The first example concerns record photography from the Soil Conservation Experiment Station in Bethany, Missouri, whilst the second considers photographs that the Resettlement Administration produced in response to flooding in Posey County, Indiana, in 1937. The article concludes by remarking on some of the implications of this method for how American Studies researchers currently conduct environmentally focused projects.

Anuradha Sharma, Anupriya Wadhwa, Nupur Gupta

Katarzyna Taras

The main inspiration of my essay How the cinematographer can help the actor – an insider’s perspective on Joker is Lawrence Sher’s masterclass that took place on 1st December 2020 via Zoom. It was a masterclass for students of the Polish National Film School in Lodz and I had great honor to lead this workshop. In this article, I try to analyze how a cinematographer can help actor to make a great performance. My essay is a “case study” because I focus how cinematographic means create a story and serve the actor who likes to improvise.

Mingyu Zhao, Jianping Chen, Shengyuan Song et al.

The 3D real scene model of high-steep rock slope established based on UAV image provides convenience for non-contact identification and interpretation of rock mass structures. The quality of 3D models directly influences the interpretability of rock mass structures. However, quantitative studies on the relationship between these two aspects are scarce. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of indicators such as photography distance (D), model brightness (l), angle between photography optical axis and the discontinuity to be interpreted (θd), and texture distortion area ratio (tdp), among others, on the interpretability of the 3D models. Furthermore, it delves into the relationships among these indicators and their practical application effects in complex high-steep rock slopes. On this foundation, a novel multi-indicator quality evaluation method for 3D models constructed using UAV photogrammetry is introduced for the first time. This method, based on a composite index model and incorporating empirical approaches, classifies the quality of 3D models into five levels. Guided by the quality evaluation results and taking into account the terrain development and geometric characteristics of discontinuities, a technical framework supporting the acquisition of high-quality 3D models is proposed, known as multi-angle nap-of-the-object image acquisition (MNIA). The research indicates that the 3D models established based on MNIA exhibit significantly reduced texture distortion, leading to a substantial improvement in recognizability, with a goodness rate of 79.98%, far surpassing that of oblique photogrammetry (41.18%). This study provides crucial guidance for obtaining high-quality UAV image in complex terrain environments and holds significant engineering application value in the fine identification and interpretation of rock mass structures on high-steep rock slopes.

Viktor Petrov, Anastsiya Pogoda, Vladimir Sementin et al.

Holographic interferometry is a well-established field of science and optical engineering. It has a half-century history of successful implementation as the solution to numerous technical tasks and problems. However, fast progress in digital and computer holography has promoted it to a new level of possibilities and has opened brand new fields of its application. In this review paper, we consider some such new techniques and applications.

Pablo Blanco‐Medina, Eduardo Fidalgo, Enrique Alegre et al.

Abstract Text Spotting is the union of the tasks of detection and transcription of the text that is present in images. Due to the various problems often found when retrieving text, such as orientation, aspect ratio, vertical text or multiple languages in the same image, this can be a challenging task. In this paper, the most recent methods and publications in this field are analysed and compared. Apart from presenting features already seen in other surveys, such as their architectures and performance on different datasets, novel perspectives for comparison are also included, such as the hardware, software, backbone architectures, main problems to solve, or programming languages of the algorithms. The review highlights information often omitted in other studies, providing a better understanding of the current state of research in Text Spotting, from 2016 to 2022, current problems and future trends, as well as establishing a baseline for future methods development, comparison of results and serving as guideline for choosing the most appropriate method to solve a particular problem.

Thomas Sanocki, Jong Han Lee

This article provides an introduction to experimental research on top-down human attention in complex scenes, written for cognitive scientists in general. We emphasize the major effects of goals and intention on mental function, measured with behavioral experiments. We describe top-down attention as an open category of mental actions that initiates particular task sets, which are assembled from a wide range of mental processes. We call this <i>attention-setting</i>. Experiments on visual search, task switching, and temporal attention are described and extended to the important human time scale of seconds.

Małgorzata Mączko

The article aims to analyse the phenomenon of a Norwegian Internet-TV show for teenage audiences, Skam (2015–2017). The transmedia storytelling used in this production resulted in unforeseen international acclaim, subsequently leading to the creation of local remakes of the series. The article will outline the main issues that the show has dealt with, as well as the immersion-building narrative solutions used by the creators. Moreover, it will discuss Skam’s reception by Norwegian and international audiences, and suggest potential directions for the future development of this format.

H. R. Song, Y. H. Jo

Digital photography is a method easily employed to capture images. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets as well as dedicated cameras are used to capture images. Furthermore, as hardware continues to improve, the resolution of images in 100 MP and 8K videos has recently been increased, and the quality of images enhanced through various types of image processing software. However, because the focus of photography is to record a moment activity, recording the orginal color of subject has been pushed back from priority. Digital photographs of cultural heritage are mainly captured for aesthetic appreciation and database construction. Those images for the purpose of the latter should record the exact color and shape of the subject. However, the theoretical approach of this is difficult and relatively complex procedures are able to create images that differ from the original color. Thus, it means falling in value that culture heritage data of important for color conservation. Various attempts have been made throughout the industry to capture the original colors of the subject accurately. The color management system (CMS) is a typical method of such. In this study, digital color reproduction and record studies were conducted on representative oil paintings of modern times in Korea. Accordingly, the light source’s color index and color temperature were measured. Furthermore, a color recording environment was established and digital images were acquired. Subsequently, it was able to record the original color through CMS-based image processing. It is believed that this study will enable one to understand the production techniques of works through the color record of oil paintings and help one to monitor conservation conditions such as discoloration.

Nadiia Korabliova, Hanna Chmil

The article explores art of cinematography as an objectified cultural reality, in spatial and temporal structures of video description. Genesis of art of photography has changed the habits of human perception and thinking process – from photographic images of Homo photographicus to contemporary Homo Videns whose visual experience is the experience of appropriation and distancing from the world in its optical modality. The art of cinematography, correlating with metaphysical discourses of reality, creates a socio‐cultural code as a matrix of meanings and senses. It provides organization and support to the semiotic fund of culture through performing the functions of socialization and cultural integration. The differences between video description and philosophical text are emphasized. The advantage of video description is being devoid of the complexity of philosophical texts due to readability of indexes, demonstration of codes that define their sequence through the captured images‐characters close to everyday life to the extent that they do not require any analysis as being self‐obvious. The magic function of screen image is that it has multiple reflections, so narrative of identity is transferred to the outer plane, onto the other side of the screen when the image created by the operator is a signal that triggers imagination. The indicative character is transferred to the image, and these indicators are indexed sufficiently to be stimulus signs, effects for Homo Videns’s perception. They are deciphered according to the standards and ideals of a particular culture whose codes are recognized by the subject of that culture at a particular moment which influences constitution and re‐constitution of Homo Videns who consumes both things and images – but also transformation of culture itself. Technological transformation of images of Homo Videns is due to changes in the technology of filming and cinematography which is an important segment of cultural history. Even if cameraman's skills do not directly determine movement of technical progress, they dwell on the achievements of technological revolutions. The choice of problematic fields of human images analysis as bound with evolution of rendering techniques and visualizations, today is more justified than the rationalization of these images.

Albert Comelli

In order to tackle three-dimensional tumor volume reconstruction from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images, most of the existing algorithms rely on the segmentation of independent PET slices. To exploit cross-slice information, typically overlooked in these 2D implementations, I present an algorithm capable of achieving the volume reconstruction directly in 3D, by leveraging an active surface algorithm. The evolution of such surface performs the segmentation of the whole stack of slices simultaneously and can handle changes in topology. Furthermore, no artificial stop condition is required, as the active surface will naturally converge to a stable topology. In addition, I include a machine learning component to enhance the accuracy of the segmentation process. The latter consists of a forcing term based on classification results from a discriminant analysis algorithm, which is included directly in the mathematical formulation of the energy function driving surface evolution. It is worth noting that the training of such a component requires minimal data compared to more involved deep learning methods. Only eight patients (i.e., two lung, four head and neck, and two brain cancers) were used for training and testing the machine learning component, while fifty patients (i.e., 10 lung, 25 head and neck, and 15 brain cancers) were used to test the full 3D reconstruction algorithm. Performance evaluation is based on the same dataset of patients discussed in my previous work, where the segmentation was performed using the 2D active contour. The results confirm that the active surface algorithm is superior to the active contour algorithm, outperforming the earlier approach on all the investigated anatomical districts with a dice similarity coefficient of 90.47 ± 2.36% for lung cancer, 88.30 ± 2.89% for head and neck cancer, and 90.29 ± 2.52% for brain cancer. Based on the reported results, it can be claimed that the migration into a 3D system yielded a practical benefit justifying the effort to rewrite an existing 2D system for PET imaging segmentation.

Alessandra Mascia

The French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot, linked his name to studies on hysteria. The documentation of his work at the Salpêtrière Hospital, in Paris, shows how any sign of emotional excess was recorded and classified through the photographic medium. These images provided the materials for the multivolume album Iconographie photographique de la Salpêtrière (1878). In the photos of Salpêtriere’s patients, the image takes over the disease. The photographic medium was not a neutral witness, but influenced the performance of hysteria. In years when photography seems able to unveil human character and to separate good from bad (as shown by the research by Bertillon and Lombroso), the photographic gaze is soon screwed on itself, seduced by the density of the images.

Julie Noirot

This article proposes to consider the aesthetic, ethical and political role of the strategic use of the ellipse in contemporary artistic practices. We will consider the question of « missing » and latent images ‒ produced but not visible ‒ in the field of plastic photography, by analyzing the Wonder Beiruth project (1997-2006) of the two Lebanese artists and directors Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige.

Javier Eduardo Diaz Zamboni, Víctor Hugo Casco

The precise knowledge of the point spread function is central for any imaging system characterization. In fluorescence microscopy, point spread function (PSF) determination has become a common and obligatory task for each new experimental device, mainly due to its strong dependence on acquisition conditions. During the last decade, algorithms have been developed for the precise calculation of the PSF, which fit model parameters that describe image formation on the microscope to experimental data. In order to contribute to this subject, a comparative study of three parameter estimation methods is reported, namely: I-divergence minimization (MIDIV), maximum likelihood (ML) and non-linear least square (LSQR). They were applied to the estimation of the point source position on the optical axis, using a physical model. Methods’ performance was evaluated under different conditions and noise levels using synthetic images and considering success percentage, iteration number, computation time, accuracy and precision. The main results showed that the axial position estimation requires a high SNR to achieve an acceptable success level and higher still to be close to the estimation error lower bound. ML achieved a higher success percentage at lower SNR compared to MIDIV and LSQR with an intrinsic noise source. Only the ML and MIDIV methods achieved the error lower bound, but only with data belonging to the optical axis and high SNR. Extrinsic noise sources worsened the success percentage, but no difference was found between noise sources for the same method for all methods studied.

J. W. Park, H. H. Jeong, J. S. Kim et al.

Recently, aerial photography with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system uses UAV and remote controls through connections of ground control system using bandwidth of about 430 MHz radio Frequency (RF) modem. However, as mentioned earlier, existing method of using RF modem has limitations in long distance communication. The Smart Camera equipments’s LTE (long-term evolution), Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi to implement UAV that uses developed UAV communication module system carried out the close aerial photogrammetry with the automatic shooting. Automatic shooting system is an image capturing device for the drones in the area’s that needs image capturing and software for loading a smart camera and managing it. This system is composed of automatic shooting using the sensor of smart camera and shooting catalog management which manages filmed images and information. Processing UAV imagery module used Open Drone Map. This study examined the feasibility of using the Smart Camera as the payload for a photogrammetric UAV system. The open soure tools used for generating Android, OpenCV (Open Computer Vision), RTKLIB, Open Drone Map.

Isabel Argerich

Resumen:El artículo expone la formación de archivos fotográficos ya desde los comienzos de la fotografía, y como las fotografías se incorporan de forma temprana a los archivos con documentación tradicional. Esta pronta y progresiva aportación viene determinada por el desarrollo tecnológico, así como por la difusión del uso y práctica de la fotografía. El texto incluye algunos ejemplos al respecto, insertos en los grandes periodos de evolución de la práctica fotográfica. A continuación aborda las acciones de recuperación de archivos fotográficos, debidas a que la fotografía histórica empieza a considerarse como hecho cultural a finales de la década de 1970. Finalmente menciona la incorporación de la fotografía “de archivo” al mercado del arte, iniciada en esas mismas fechas, así como el surgimiento de la tendencia artística denominada arte de archivo. Abstract: The paper presents the formation of photographic archives since the beginning of photography, and the rapid incorporation with others traditional documentation files. This early and progressive contribution is determined by technological development and diffusion of the use and practice of photography. The text includes some examples of the major periods of evolution of photographic practice. Also discusses actions to recover photo files, due to historical photography began to be considered as a cultural phenomenon in the late 1970s finally mentions the incorporation of photography "file" to the art market, initiated in these same dates as well as the emergence of the artistic movement called “art file”. Palabras clave: Fotografía; archivo; procesos fotográficos; recuperación; valoración; memoria. Keywords: Photography; Archives; Photographic Process; Archives and Memory; Awareness of Photography Images.

Jörg Baberowski

Herdiana Ayu Susanti

This study aims to determine communication strategy of Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) Special Region of Yogyakarta in disseminating Generation Program Planning (GenRe). The study uses descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that communication strategy undertaken by BKKBN Yogyakarta Province in disseminating the program GenRe is through Student Ambassador Selection genre, GenRe Goes To School and GenRe Goes To Campus, Genre Comedy Competition, Poster Competition genre, and Competition NGE - rap genre. BKKBN also uses mass media as a medium of socialization such as Public Service Announcements on television and radio, internet media by creating a website, blog, facebook, and twitter, as well as the use of billboards appeal board. BKKBN also works with schools and colleges to form the Youth Information and Counseling Center / Student (PIK R/M) to get closer to teenagers and college students.