Hasil untuk "Philosophy (General)"

Ivan E. Kharchenko

Background. Narcissistic personality disorders represent a complex pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, masking a fragile and vulnerable self. Therapy of patients with narcissistic personality traits is associated with technical difficulties and specific factors of process and outcome. One of the key focuses in the psychotherapy of narcissism is working through the defects of self-concept. However, there is a clear lack of systematic studies on the dynamics of the narcissistic self in the process of therapy. Conceptualization of regular transformations of self-concept in individuals with narcissistic personality traits under the influence of psychotherapy will allow differentiating targets and strategies of therapeutic work, predicting crises and evaluating intermediate results. Purpose – to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for an empirical study of the dynamics of self-concept in the process of psychotherapy of persons with narcissistic personality disorders. Materials and methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis of the concepts of narcissism, models of self-concept, ideas about the dynamics of self in therapy. Systematization, generalization and operationalization of theoretical constructs for building the methodology of empirical research. Results. The specificity of the self-concept of persons with narcissistic personality traits, its polar structure, and conflicting dynamics of self-modalities are theoretically substantiated and described. The main directions and mechanisms of changing the narcissistic self in the process of therapy are considered: destruction of grandiosity, acceptance of the vulnerable self, achievement of self-cohesion. A plan for an empirical study of the dynamics of self-concept of narcissistic patients in the process of undergoing psychoanalytic therapy is presented, including a description of the design, stages, methods and hypothetical results of the work. EDN: NBMAPR

Adriana M. Brodsky

Lenart Škof

This essay is an attempt to propose an outline of a new respiratory animal philosophy. Based on an analysis of the forgetting of breath in Western philosophy, it aims to gesture towards a future, breathful and compassionate world of co-sharing and co-breathing. In the first part, the basic features of forgetting of breath are explained based on David Abram’s work in respiratory ecophilosophy. This part also introduces an important contribution to modern philosophy by Ludwig Klages. The second part is dedicated to reflections on what I understand as an unfortunate transition from soul and pneuma to spirit and Geist. Based on these analyses, I proceed towards an idiosyncratic thought on the nocturnal mystery of pneuma, with references to ancient Upanishadic and 20th-century phenomenological Levinasian thought. Based on these teachings, I argue that, at the bottom of her existence, the subject is a lung partaking in an immense external lung (Merleau-Ponty). In the fourth part of the essay, I extend my reflections toward comparative animal respiratory phenomenology and argue for the immense compassion for all our fellow breathing beings. Finally, in the concluding, fifth part of this essay, I am arguing for a future biocentric and breathful environment, signifying and bringing a new compassionate-respiratory alliance into the world.

Subhankar Patra, Bibhas Ranjan Majhi, Santabrata Das

We study the general relativistic transonic accretion flow around the primary black hole, which forms the circumprimary disc (CPD), within a binary black hole (BBH) system. The BBH spacetime is characterized by the mass ratio ($q$) and the separation distance ($z_2$) between the two black holes. We numerically solve the radial momentum and energy equations to obtain the accretion solutions. It is observed that the CPD can exhibit shock solutions, which exist for a wide range parameter space spanned by flow specific angular momentum ($λ$) and energy ($E$). We find that the shock parameter space is modified by $q$ and $z_2$. Investigations show that $q$ and $z_2$ also affect various shock properties, such as density compression and temperature compression across the shock fronts. Moreover, we calculate the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the CPD and examine how the SEDs are modified by $q$ and $z_2$ for both shock-free and shock-induced accretion solutions. SED is found to be nearly independent of the binary parameters. We essentially show that although $q$ and $z_2$ alter the effective horizon area of the primary black hole located at the center of the CPD, they have a minimal impact on the dynamical and spectral properties of the accretion flow around the primary black hole.

Marta GIL

En este artículo se presenta la evaluación eudaimonista como una articulación entre el agente y los objetos del mundo. Sostendremos que, gracias a esta noción, la teoría de las emociones de Nussbaum es adecuada para dar cuenta de la función adaptativa de las emociones, por lo que las teorías no cognitivas no resultarían superiores en este aspecto. Esta noción serviría, asimismo, para no dejar de lado los aspectos cognitivos de la emoción. Veremos cómo las ideas de Nussbaum se basan en las de las teorías evaluativas provenientes de la psicología, para después desplegar su propuesta en detalle. En la exposición, también trataremos otras cuestiones, entre ellas, la racionalidad de las emociones, la relación entre éstas y el florecimiento humano, o la vinculación de las mismas con nuestra condición vulnerable.

Eugene Zhang

In this paper, we present a general formula for derived sets in general topology. Consequently, more results can be proved in general topology involving derived sets and isolated point sets. More specifically, we can prove that isolated point sets are nowhere dense in general topological space.

Muzaffer Adak, Tekin Dereli, Tomi S. Koivisto et al.

In the conventional formulation of general relativity, gravity is represented by the metric curvature of Riemannian geometry. There are also alternative formulations in flat affine geometries, wherein the gravitational dynamics is instead described by torsion and nonmetricity. These so called general teleparallel geometries may also have applications in material physics, such as the study of crystal defects. In this work, we explore the general teleparallel geometry in the language of differential forms. We discuss the special cases of metric and symmetric teleparallelisms, clarify the relations between formulations with different gauge fixings and without gauge fixing, and develop a method of recasting Riemannian into teleparallel geometries. As illustrations of the method, exact solutions are presented for the generic quadratic theory in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions.

Noza Aflisia, Afrial Afrial, Asri Karolina

Not infrequently humans ignore the obligations that have been imposed on them. Assuming obligations are just routine. In this paper, the author describes the concept of human obligations, and the implications of human obligations that Allah has determined in the Quran and Hadith for Islamic education. This research is library research by reviewing and analyzing the verses of the Quran, hadith, books, proceeding, and journals related to the concept of human obligation and its implications for Islamic education. The data collection technique is to review the data sources. The data obtained is then processed with data analysis techniques through the stages of analyzing the verses of the Quran and Hadith related to human obligations so as to find the concept of human obligations, understand and analyze the characteristics of Islamic education, analyze and find implications of the concept of human obligations towards Islamic education, and draw conclusions. Through this paper, it can be seen that humans have obligations to God, fellow humans, animals, and nature. To carry out all these human obligations, humans need direction and guidance from Islamic education which always encourages humans to fulfill their obligations properly according to what Islam wants, both in knowing Allah the Creator, forming noble character, and professionalism in managing nature.

Kostič-Tmušič Aleksandra S.

The purpose of the article is to show how two authors, one Serbian and the other Bulgarian, saw the great Serbian ruler and how they composed his biography. Even though the authors were not contemporaries, their work exhibits similar pattern. However, they write in different styles, and their views and opinions differ. In this article, we will try, with a comparative method, to reliably present the life of Stefan Dečanski from the point of view of two great medieval writers. We set the goal to research biographies of Stefan Dečanski as accurately, neutrally, and objectively as possible, which were written by Danilo's student and by Grigorij Camblak. Our task is to identify all the parts in the biographies that are similar, and then those that are mentioned only in one of the listed works. Given the complexity of the topic, we used a set of methods of which the comparative is dominant. The article consists of two parts - the first gives an overview of ancient Serbian literature and explains medieval biography as a genre, while the second talks about Danilo's student and Grigorij Camblak, the similarities and differences in their work, and then compares what they wrote about. In the end, we concluded everything that was said. The beginnings of authorial literature and works, which are the subject of the article's research, brought with them a new approach to the process of writing, which reached a higher level of artistic formation of biographies. Even though the authors wrote within the canon and observed, to a greater or lesser extent, the stylistic features of everyday literature, they participated in the creation of reality and the spiritual world, as well as a selection of excerpts from the biography of the ruler. Old Serbian literature is rich in genres such as biographies, words of praise, prayers, liturgical songs, messages, etc. The genres of Serbian literature of the Middle Ages and the new century do not match: in the old Serbian literature, there are no novels, stories, historical stories, which we will display in this article. Our research does not stop at the fact that Danilo's student writes in one way about a great historical figure, while Grigorij Camblak writes differently about the same person. We set out to show, through a genre definition, the extent to which these two writers differ and what their view of Stefan Dečanski was. We will try to explain that both authors created their works for certain reasons, which are mostly different, but sometimes similar. Both wrote intending to create a cult of the Serbian king. This article will try to achieve this goal - to answer the question and show the result of a comparative analysis of the works of two authors with the same topic.

Patrick Henz

Abstract The Metaverse is no revolution, but another step in the evolution of the internet. Today we can observe various 3D virtual worlds with different focuses and purposes, like meeting spaces, education, or classic gaming. Most of these applications run on computer or smart phone, some of these 3D platforms support virtual reality glasses, or even further wearables like haptic gloves. Nevertheless, the general interconnection of these platforms is still lacking. Due to this, user information, including avatars, cannot be reused for other applications. Even if the research company Gartner predicts that already “by 2026, 25% of the people will spend at least 1 h a day in the Metaverse for work, shopping, education, social and/or entertainment,” the vision still did not manifest yet. This gives society and academia time to start a productive discussion. The article wants to support this ambition by first discussing a potential definition of what the Metaverse will be, including different types for different purposes. After that this, the text predicts the arrival, including required circumstances, then later the expected psychologic impact of the expected scenarios on the regular users. As human psychology depends on experience, environment and, of course, the contact with other humans, such a scenario will have a relevant impact, up to a different understanding of reality, as people frictionless move from physical to virtual world, and even interact on complete different virtual worlds. Existing articles regarding the connections between online (like video games and social media) and offline behavior focused on particular cohorts. As the Metaverse will change work and private life, wide parts of society are voluntary and non-voluntary affected, which limits the possibility to transfer the insights from earlier scenarios to this topic. This article focuses on shifted Socialization, Roles, Perception, and the relating Humanization of Artificial Intelligence, as it enables the algorithm, consciously or subconsciously, to influence the human mind. Graphical Abstract

Taim A. Muayqil, Ghadah M. Alhaidari, Lamia A. Alkuwaiz et al.

Objectives: Arabs have a right-to-left language and engage in favoring of the right side or limb when implementing daily routine practices. The purpose of this research is to explore the effect this cultural attitude might have on pseudoneglect, by comparing with a southeast Asian sample that has a left-to-right language structure.Methods: Participants were from two separate ethnic groups (Arabs and Filipinos), residing in Saudi Arabia, healthy individals 18 years and above were allowed to volunteer in the study. The participants were recruited at King Saud University Medical City and the general community by both convenience and snowball sampling. Social demographic information such as gender, age, years of education, dominant hand, was also documented. The line bisection task (LBT) contained 36 randomly assorted lines of three different lengths placed at five different locations on a white sheet. The percent deviation score (PDS) was used to quantify pseudo-neglect. Tests of statistical significance including t-tests and mixed-effects regression were performed to determine if differences existed among different demographic variables or among line properties, respectively.Results: A total of 256 were enrolled (Arabs 52.3%). The overall PDS mean and standard deviation (SD) was −0.64 (2.87), p = 0.0004, which shows a significant leftward deviation in the entire cohort. PDS was −1.26 (2.68) in Filipinos, and −0.08 (2.94) in Arabs. The difference was statically significant (p < 0.0001). Mixed effects model showed positive changes in the PDS value as the length of the line increased (p < 0.0001) and as the line was more rightward placed (p < 0.0001). However, Filipino participants would still exhibit negative changes in the PDS value in comparison to Arabs (p < 0.0001); There were no significant associations between PDS and other factors such as age, years of education and gender.Conclusion: Differences found here between two distinct ethnic groups support the hypothesis that certain cultural aspects such as language direction and other cultural practices influence direction and degree of pseudo-neglect.

Anastasia N. Grishanina, Valeria V. Angel’cheva

The article is the result of a study of the significance of expert psychological information, as well as information of a socio-psychological plan for journalistic materials; the work was carried out by the editorial office of Gatchinskaya Pravda newspaper (Leningrad Oblast). Psychological information in the media as an object of linguistic research has not been studied previously, the novelty of the work lies in the psycho-linguistic обapproach to the study of the question and to attempt correlation comparative studies of the authors with the study of peculiarities of perception of media texts of the contemporary audience. The article deals with verbal forms of social and psychological information presentation in the media, mainly in journal publications as a form of dialogue or monologue with the reader on a certain topic; the reasons for the audience’s access to psychological information in a modern magazine and the intent of the demand for texts containing such information are studied. To do this, we first studied the level of readers’ awareness of the types and forms of media information, as well as the degree of demand for knowledge of a socio-psychological orientation. The main object of research is language markers of psychological information. The relevance of the topic is explained by the great interest of magazine readers, as shown by media ratings, to psychological information. As part of the study of modern psychological techniques of media influence, the authors analyzed the results of research by psychologists and psychiatrists, who state an increase in the level of anxiety in the current psychological and emotional state of people. Doctors associate the causes of some anxiety disorders with the consumption of media information, the imposition of advice, recommendations, and lifestyle at the angle of presentation as psychological information. The article describes the results of media research; it is noted that information of a socio-psychological plan plays an important role in shaping the audience’s worldview and has a socio-psychological impact on it. The features and types of this influence are considered; the results of surveys of magazine readers are given, since the magazine is one of the mass media that publishes analytical and informative materials. The authors make an attempt to explain a certain degree of obsession with psychological information to the reader in the media; they indicate the reasons identified in the course of research for this communicative psychological strategy, bordering on and sometimes directly related to the manipulative actions of the author or publisher.

Adrian Thorogood, Michael J. S. Beauvais

International direct-to-participant (DTP) genomics research involves the use of mobile technology to recruit, consent, and study participants remotely. This model can facilitate research across broad geographies and many countries, but must also comply with the norms of multiple recruitment jurisdictions, with each jurisdiction typically requiring at least one local research ethics review. Each additional research ethics review increases bureaucratic hurdles without necessarily strengthening the protection of participants’ rights and interests. For DTP genomic research, obtaining a review may in fact be impossible in the absence of a local research partner. This paper proposes an “adequacy” approach, inspired by data protection law, to coordinate the regulation and oversight of international DTP genomics research. This involves one country voluntarily assessing whether another country’s research ethics reviews are equivalent to its own, in terms of objectives and effectiveness. Ethics-approved projects led by researchers from countries recognized as adequate are deemed to comply with local norms, eliminating the need for a duplicative local review. Adequacy preserves the sovereignty of countries to determine their own regulatory aims and which other countries to trust. It therefore provides a voluntary, incremental path towards greater global coordination of health research oversight.

Luke A. Barnes

When a physicist says that a theory is fine-tuned, they mean that it must make a suspiciously precise assumption in order to explain a certain observation. This is evidence that the theory is deficient or incomplete. One particular case of fine-tuning is particularly striking. The data in question are not the precise measurements of cosmology or particle physics, but a more general feature of our universe: it supports the existence of life. This chapter reviews this Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Life.

Woojin Kim, Samantha Moore

Commutative diagrams of vector spaces and linear maps over $\mathbb{Z}^2$ are objects of interest in topological data analysis (TDA) where this type of diagrams are called 2-parameter persistence modules. Given that quiver representation theory tells us that such diagrams are of wild type, studying informative invariants of a 2-parameter persistence module $M$ is of central importance in TDA. One of such invariants is the generalized rank invariant, recently introduced by Kim and Mémoli. Via the Möbius inversion of the generalized rank invariant of $M$, we obtain a collection of connected subsets $I\subset\mathbb{Z}^2$ with signed multiplicities. This collection generalizes the well known notion of persistence barcode of a persistence module over $\mathbb{R}$ from TDA. In this paper we show that the bigraded Betti numbers of $M$, a classical algebraic invariant of $M$, are obtained by counting the corner points of these subsets $I$s. Along the way, we verify that an invariant of 2-parameter persistence modules called the interval decomposable approximation (introduced by Asashiba et al.) also encodes the bigraded Betti numbers in a similar fashion. We also show that the aforementioned results are optimal in the sense that they cannot be extended to $d$-parameter persistence modules for $d \geq 3$.

Esra Kılavuz Eser

Osmanlı şeyhülislamları hakkında yapılacak detaylı çalışmalar, Osmanlı hukukunun daha iyi anlaşılması ve yorumlanması için büyük önem arz etmektedir. 17. yüzyılda yaşayan Çatalcalı Ali Efendi hem 13 yıllık şeyhülislamlığı, hem de sonraki dönemde kendisine çokça başvurulan muteber fetvalarıyla dikkat çeken ve üzerinde çalışılması gereken isimlerdendir. Bu makalede Çatalcalı Ali Efendi’nin şimdiye dek tarih ve tabakât eserlerinden hareketle hazırlanmış en geniş biyografisine yer verilmektedir. Makalenin hedeflediği bir diğer husus; Çatalcalı Ali Efendi’nin verdiği fetvalardan oluşan Fetâvâ-yı Ali Efendi adlı eserin derleniş sürecini tespit etmek olup bunun için eserin yazma nüshalarındaki müstensih kayıtlarına başvurulmuştur. Son olarak Fetâvâ-yı Ali Efendi hakkında literatürde yer alan bilgiler tekrar gözden geçilmiş ve en isabetli verilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Nedžad Grabus

Muslims and Christians share common values of belief in the One God. Theological foundations in Islam found in the Qur'an and Sunnah encourage Muslims to have a special respect for the Christian devotion and piety shown by priests in their beliefs. A special respect is shown to Mary, Jesus's mother, praise Jesus's ethical dimension and his prophetic wisdom. The Qur'an critically speaks of the Christians' belief in Jesus as a god and the worship of Isa /Jesus. The Qur'an also critically talks about the belief of Muslims who say they are believers but have only accepted formal Islamic teaching. Critical speech and aproach do not mean denying the concept of religiosity or faith in God. In this text, we are going to present theological foundations that support interreligious dialogue between Muslims and Christians.

Aida Carrillo, Cordelia Estévez, María Dolores Gómez-Medina

The family is the main context of socialization of the child, which favors the development of emotional skills. Therefore, the family plays an essential role in establishing the basis of the child’s identity, influencing the development of their self-concept and self-esteem (Lila and Marchetti, 1995). In this sense, it is the democratic style of parents (Ramírez-Lucas, Ferrando and Sainz, 2015) that correlates more than others with the level of emotional intelligence of their children during the first years of life. The objective is to describe the relationship between the different practices that make up the different perceived parental educational styles and the level of emotional intelligence in their children. The sample consisted of 249 students between 9 and 12 years old, 53.4% girls and 46.6% boys. The following variables were evaluated through the instruments described. Perceived parenting styles: Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). Emotional Intelligence: BarOn ICE: NA Abbreviated (Bar-On, R.) We found significant positive correlations between the dimensions Maternal involvement, parental involvement and positive parenting related to the democratic parenting style and the dimensions of emotional intelligence, interpersonal skills, adaptability and positive impression in children, as well as with the level of general emotional intelligence of these. On the other hand, the dimensions of poor supervision, inconsistent discipline and severe discipline correlated negatively with the skills of interpersonal relationships, stress management and positive impression, as well as the total emotional intelligence score.

Joan Mallart i Navarra

Té sentit parlar de didàctica humanista en ple segle XXI? Creiem que sí, si els objectius valuosos que es pretenen són favorables a la persona i promouen una educació integral. Hi ha una sola metodologia de treball per aconseguir l’aprenentatge? És evident que no, cada situació és peculiar i cada equip docent pot tenir preferències per adaptar la metodologia a les necessitats de l’entorn concret. Segueix vigent parlar de didàctica general i didàctica específica? Sembla que cada vegada és més inútil aquesta distinció. Activitats organitzades entorn de les àrees curriculars o entorn de projectes? Si es fa bé, totes dues solucions poden ser útils. En qualsevol cas, l’equip docent ha de creure en allò que fa. L’horari, l’organització i l’ambientació de l’aula no són afegits superflus, sinó condicions bàsiques per conduir el procés a bon port. Pel que fa a horaris i calendaris, destaquem el corrent de pedagogia lenta (Zavalloni, 2011; Domènech, 2009). I respecte de l’espai, cal tenir presents les propostes de Malaguzzi (2005). Espai i temps contribueixen poderosament a la millora del clima de l’aula, basat en unes bones relacions humanes (Van Manen, 1998, 2004). Paraules clau Didàctica, pedagogia humanista, currículum, competències, mètodes didàctics, estratègies d’aprenentatge.

Deborah Christina Antunes

Resumo A dialética do esclarecimento ainda se mostra presente nesta sociedade. Nos últimos anos, conquistaram-se direitos das chamadas minorias. Junto a essas conquistas, contudo, figuram ódio e intolerância em discursos pseudodemocráticos. Este artigo analisa o discurso da Comissão de Direitos Humanos da Câmara dos Deputados quando da aprovação do Projeto de Decreto Legislativo 234/2011 que visava alterar o Código de Ética do Psicólogo nos parágrafos que restringem qualquer correlação entre homossexualidade e distúrbios. Utiliza-se de estudos da Escola de Frankfurt sobre os discursos de agitadores fascistas, o preconceito e a personalidade autoritária. Baseando-se em Marcuse, questiona tolerância repressiva e democracia formal totalitária, avançando na compreensão da relação entre clima cultural e semiformação. Reflete acerca do preconceito como sintoma não exclusivo de conservadores, mas como forma de existência na atualidade, e aponta a necessidade da educação histórica e política para o desenvolvimento da consciência e superação da miséria e da opressão.