Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

Wanqi Liu, Rong Zhao

Restaurants, cafes, pubs, and takeaways are among the most visible markers of neighborhood change, yet whether their arrival is capitalised into nearby housing values remains empirically unsettled. We assemble a London-wide panel linking Land Registry prices, non-domestic EPC lodgement timings for food-and-drink establishments, and neighborhood amenity measures at the LSOA level. Our preferred annual event-study design defines treatment as the first clean-onset year in which an LSOA records at least two eligible EPC lodgements for food-and-drink establishments, after a two-year lookback with no prior entries. In this specification, pre-trend tests are not rejected in either the stacked or Sun-Abraham estimators, and log house prices rise gradually from about 0.5% in the event year to roughly 3.4--3.7% by years four and five. The results are consistent with local amenity capitalization following commercial entry, while remaining appropriately cautious about endogenous siting and concurrent redevelopment.

Youjie Huang, Qiurui Hu, Gangliang Huang

Lycium barbarum has the characteristics of homology of food and medicine. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a natural plant polysaccharide isolated from Lycium barbarum fruit and one of the key bioactive substances in Lycium barbarum. According to the latest scientific research, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide shows a wide range of biological effects, including anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, regulating blood sugar, neuroprotection, reproductive protection, liver protection and so on, and it has good application potential and value in food, health care and medicine and other related fields. Ultrasonic extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide is an efficient and energy-saving modern extraction technology. Its core principle is to use the cavitation effect, mechanical effect and thermal effect of ultrasonic to destroy plant cell walls and accelerate the dissolution of polysaccharide. Herein, the extraction technology, structural characteristics and activities of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide were systematically reviewed. The advantages and limitations of the existing technology were summarized in order to provide feasible reference for the standardization, standardization, scientific development and application of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide. However, we must overcome the bottlenecks in structural analysis, standardized production and clinical translation. Strengthening interdisciplinary and international cooperation will promote the transformation from basic research to industrial application, thus establishing a comprehensive and high-quality Lycium barbarum polysaccharide industrial chain and making contributions to human health.

Kongsuwan Ampa, Rungdarunlak charatsaengphaibun, Matchima Naradisorn et al.

This study evaluated the effects of hot water (HW), salicylic acid (SA), and their combination (HW + SA) on disease suppression, metabolomic alterations, and defense-related responses in ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’ mango (Mangifera indica L.). Fruits were treated with HW (49 °C for 10 min), SA (2 mM for 10 min), or combined HW + SA, inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and stored at 25 °C. We assessed the infection index, metabolomic profiles, total phenolic content (TPC), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase in both peel and pulp. Four days after inoculation, the infection index was significantly reduced by HW (40 %), SA (38 %), and HW + SA (15 %) compared to the control (48 %), with the combined treatment exhibiting the greatest efficacy. The HW + SA treatment significantly decreased disease severity, with infection indices lower than those observed in fruits treated with HW or SA alone. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that the combined HW + SA treatment preserved metabolic features similar to freshly harvested fruit while inducing unique defense-related metabolites, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and lipid derivatives. Biochemical assays confirmed that combined HW + SA markedly enhanced TPC and upregulated the activities of defense-related enzymes such as PAL, PPO, POD, SOD, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase. These responses were more rapid in the peel and sustained in the pulp, suggesting both local and systemic defense activation. These findings demonstrate that combined HW and SA treatment can effectively regulate anthracnose rot in mango.

Ting Liu, Jianheng Zheng, Jun Du et al.

Dysphagia, or swallowing difficulty, is a common morbidity affecting 10% to 33% of the elderly population. Individuals with dysphagia can experience appetite, reduction, weight loss, and malnutrition as well as even aspiration, dehydration, and long-term healthcare issues. However, current therapies to treat dysphagia can routinely cause discomfort and pain to patients. To prevent these risks, a non-traumatic and effective treatment of diet modification for safe chewing and swallowing is urgently needed for the elderly. This review mainly summarizes the chewing and swallowing changes in the elderly, as well as important risk factors and potential consequences of dysphagia. In addition, three texture-modified food processing strategies to prepare special foods for the aged, as well as the current statuses and future trends of such foods, are discussed. Nonthermal food technologies, gelation, and 3D printing techniques have been developed to prepare soft, moist, and palatable texture-modified foods for chewing and swallowing safety in elderly individuals. In addition, flavor enhancement and nutrition enrichment are also considered to compensate for the loss of sensory experience and nutrients. Given the trend of population aging, multidisciplinary cooperation for dysphagia management should be a top priority.

Edoardo Mocini, Ludovica Cardinali, Olivia Di Vincenzo et al.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone strength, which leads to an increased risk of developing fractures. Interestingly, this metabolic disorder is often related to sarcopenia, defined as decreased muscle mass, strength, and function. These two conditions appear to be closely connected, leading to a clinical condition named osteosarcopenia (OS). Aging may explain the link between muscle and bone loss through genetic, mechanical, endocrine, and nutritional factors. Further, aging increases the amount of adipose tissue, often due to sedentary behavior and unbalanced nutritional pattern, leading to a clinical condition defined as osteosarcopenic obesity, characterized by concurrent obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, where each condition exacerbates the others. Moreover, sarcopenia leads to decreased physical (PA) activity, worsening skeletal homeostasis, and creating a vicious cycle, which increases falls, fracture risk, and disability. This review underscores the importance of a systemic approach, focusing on nutritional therapy integrated with PA and, eventually, pharmacological interventions to efficiently manage (OS).

Ioannis Levi, Konstantinos Kyritsis, Vasileios Papapanagiotou et al.

Accurate monitoring of eating behavior is crucial for managing obesity and eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa. At the same time, existing methods rely on multiple and/or specialized sensors, greatly harming adherence and ultimately, the quality and continuity of data. This paper introduces a novel approach for estimating the weight of a bite, from a commercial smartwatch. Our publicly-available dataset contains smartwatch inertial data from ten participants, with manually annotated start and end times of each bite along with their corresponding weights from a smart scale, under semi-controlled conditions. The proposed method combines extracted behavioral features such as the time required to load the utensil with food, with statistical features of inertial signals, that serve as input to a Support Vector Regression model to estimate bite weights. Under a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation scheme, our approach achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.99 grams per bite. To contextualize this performance, we introduce the improvement metric, that measures the relative MAE difference compared to a baseline model. Our method demonstrates a 17.41% improvement, while the adapted state-of-the art method shows a -28.89% performance against that same baseline. The results presented in this work establish the feasibility of extracting meaningful bite weight estimates from commercial smartwatch inertial sensors alone, laying the groundwork for future accessible, non-invasive dietary monitoring systems.

Yao Zhang, Zaixi Shang, Silpan Patel et al.

Supply chain operations generate vast amounts of operational data; however, critical knowledge such as system usage practices, troubleshooting workflows, and resolution techniques often remains buried within unstructured communications like support tickets, emails, and chat logs. While RAG systems aim to leverage such communications as a knowledge base, their effectiveness is limited by raw data challenges: support tickets are typically noisy, inconsistent, and incomplete, making direct retrieval suboptimal. Unlike existing RAG approaches that focus on runtime optimization, we introduce a novel offline-first methodology that transforms these communications into a structured knowledge base. Our key innovation is a LLMs-based multi-agent system orchestrating three specialized agents: Category Discovery for taxonomy creation, Categorization for ticket grouping, and Knowledge Synthesis for article generation. Applying our methodology to real-world support tickets with resolution notes and comments, our system creates a compact knowledge base - reducing total volume to just 3.4% of original ticket data while improving quality. Experiments demonstrate that our prebuilt knowledge base in RAG systems significantly outperforms traditional RAG implementations (48.74% vs. 38.60% helpful answers) and achieves a 77.4% reduction in unhelpful responses. By automating institutional knowledge capture that typically remains siloed in experts' heads, our solution translates to substantial operational efficiency: reducing support workload, accelerating resolution times, and creating self-improving systems that automatically resolve approximately 50% of future supply chain tickets. Our approach addresses a key gap in knowledge management by transforming transient communications into structured, reusable knowledge through intelligent offline processing rather than latency-inducing runtime architectures.

Lin Wei, Zhenmin Li, Mingqin Shi et al.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The limited efficacy of single-target pharmacological strategies has spurred interest in multi-target therapeutic approaches. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), rich in diverse polyphenolic compounds, has emerged as a promising source of such multi-target neuroprotective agents. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms of key EVOO polyphenols-hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, tyrosol, verbascoside, oleocanthal, and ligustroside-in combating AD pathology. We highlight the growing body of evidence demonstrating that these polyphenols can synergistically inhibit the aggregation of Aβ and tau, mitigate neuroinflammation, restore mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and promote neurogenesis. Preclinical studies in cellular and animal models of AD consistently show that EVOO polyphenols can ameliorate cognitive deficits and pathological hallmarks. Future research should focus on validating these benefits in animals and clinical trials and developing optimized formulations for clinical application. In conclusion, the bioactive polyphenols in EVOO present a compelling multi-targeted therapeutic strategy with significant potential to delay the progression of AD by concurrently modulating multiple key pathological pathways.

Fatih Harun Turhan, Uğur İnce, Mehmet Özkeskin et al.

BackgroundSocial appearance anxiety (SAA) has emerged as a critical psychosocial concern among young adults, influenced by various behavioral and cognitive factors. Despite growing recognition of the role of health literacy, limited research has examined how nutrition knowledge may influence SAA through indirect pathways.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the predictive role of nutrition knowledge on social appearance anxiety, with a particular focus on the mediating effects of physical activity attitudes and malnutrition.MethodsA cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 338 university-level athletes (Mage = 22.04, SD = 3.46) was employed. Participants completed validated measures of nutrition knowledge, attitudes toward physical activity, malnutrition, and SAA. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze direct and indirect pathways. Model fit indices and bootstrapping methods were used to test mediation effects.ResultsNutrition knowledge was negatively associated with SAA (β = −0.19, p < 0.001). However, this direct relationship lost significance when physical activity attitudes and malnutrition were introduced as parallel mediators. Mediation analysis revealed significant indirect effects of nutrition knowledge on SAA through both physical activity attitudes (β = −0.30, p < 0.001) and malnutrition (β = −0.42, p < 0.001), supporting a full mediation model. The final model explained 27% of the variance in social appearance anxiety and demonstrated satisfactory fit indices (e.g., RMSEA = 0.065; CFI = 0.93).ConclusionThe findings underscore the importance of targeting both behavioral (physical activity) and physiological (malnutrition) mediators when addressing the impact of nutrition knowledge on social appearance anxiety. Interventions designed to reduce SAA should incorporate components that enhance nutritional literacy and promote positive lifestyle behaviors to improve mental and physical well-being among young adults.

Savannah Calleja, Peter Byers, Casandra Evans et al.

Background Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes from the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Bellator undergo rapid weight regain (RWRG) practices between the official weigh-in and fight night. These athletes are categorized into weight classes and participate in similar weight-cutting regimens. While there have been correlational studies regarding anthropometric measurements and physiological profiles, little research has investigated the relationship between anthropometric measurements and RWRG. Therefore, this study examines the relationships of RWRG variables in professional MMA fighters between the official weigh-in and fight night.Methods Data from 245 professional MMA fighters (30.2 ± 4.6 years, 175.4 ± 8.4 cm) competing between 2018 and 2023 were utilized for this study. Fighters had 24–36 hours to rehydrate between the official weigh-in and fight night. Weigh-ins were supervised under the California State Athletic Commission (CSAC) using a commission-calibrated scale. Pearson correlation analyses were utilized to examine the relationships between age, anthropometric variables, and percentage of RWRG. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Results Pearson correlation analyses revealed significant relationships among age, anthropometric variables, and percentage weight change. Height was strongly and positively correlated with both weight (r = 0.800, p < 0.001) and fight weight (r = 0.795, p < 0.001). A weak but significant negative correlation was found between height and percentage weight change (r = -0.127, p = 0.047). Body weight showed a strong positive correlation with fight weight (r = 0.976, p < 0.001) and a weak negative correlation with percentage weight change (r = -0.249, p < 0.001). No other significant relationships were observed (p ≥ 0.05).Conclusion There are significant correlations between anthropometric variables and RWRG in MMA fighters. The results indicate that taller fighters generally weigh more and compete in heavier weight classes. These findings contribute to the existing literature on correlations between RWRG, height, and weight in MMA athletes. Future research could examine whether RWRG practices differ based on these observed relationships.

Kiki Fibrianto, Valen Bristin, Roikhatul Muna

Coffee leaf tea (Coffea canephora L.), a low-caffeine herbal infusion derived from coffee plantation pruning by-products, demonstrates potential as a functional beverage with calming advantages. This study assessed the impact of Aero-press and V60 brewing techniques on bioactive constituents and sensory attributes during storage at 10°C and 25°C for a duration of 48 h. Each coffee leaf tea sample was subjected to chemical analysis and organized according to a Nested Design. The maximum concentrations of phenols and flavonoids, linked to relaxation benefits, were recorded at 10°C after 12 h for Aero-press brews and at 0 h for V60 brews. Spectrum Descriptive Analysis revealed unique flavour profiles, whereas volatile component analysis detected stress-relieving scents. Emotional reactions, evaluated using AffdexMe and Temporal Dominance of Emotions software, indicated favorable relaxation-related expressions; nonetheless, the techniques exhibited limited sensitivity. The results highlight the potential of coffee leaf tea as a health-enhancing beverage, indicating the need to investigate brewing and storage methods to maximize its advantages.

Ziming Liu, Longjian Liu, Robert E. Heidel et al.

This article uses machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and mortality rates associated with Alzheimers disease (AD). The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) database is employed for analysis. The random forest model is selected as the base model for XAI analysis, and the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method is used to assess feature importance. The results highlight significant nutritional factors such as serum vitamin B12 and glycated hemoglobin. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of random forests in predicting AD mortality compared to other diseases. This research provides insights into the impact of nutrition on AD and contributes to a deeper understanding of disease progression.

Yukun Zhang, Qi Dong

This paper investigates the trade-off between short-term revenue generation and long-term social welfare optimization in online food delivery platforms. We first develop a static model that captures the equilibrium interactions among restaurants, consumers, and delivery workers, using Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) as a proxy for immediate performance. Building on this, we extend our analysis to a dynamic model that integrates evolving state variables,such as platform reputation and participant retention-to capture long-term behavior. By applying dynamic programming techniques, we derive optimal strategies that balance GMV maximization with social welfare enhancement. Extensive multi-agent simulations validate our theoretical predictions, demonstrating that while a GMV-focused approach yields strong initial gains, it ultimately undermines long-term stability. In contrast, a social welfare-oriented strategy produces more sustainable and robust outcomes. Our findings provide actionable insights for platform operators and policymakers seeking to harmonize rapid growth with long-term

Dong Sheng, Siyuan Jing, Xueqing He et al.

Biodiversity-associated ecosystem services such as pollination and biocontrol may be severely affected by emerging nano/micro-plastics (NMP) pollution. We synthesized the little-explored effects of NMP on pollinators and biocontrol agents on the organismal, farm and landscape scale. For instance ingested NMP trigger organismal changes from gene expression, organ damage to behavior modifications. At the farm and landscape level, NMP will likely amplify synergistic effects with other threats such as pathogens and antibiotics, and may alter landscape properties such as floral resource distributions in high NMP concentration areas, what we call NMP islands. It is essential to understand the functional exposure pathways of NMP on pollinators and biocontrol agents to comprehensively evaluate the risks for agricultural ecosystems and global food security.

Xiuxin Xia, Qun Wang, He Wang et al.

The taste electroencephalogram (EEG) evoked by the taste stimulation can reflect different brain patterns and be used in applications such as sensory evaluation of food. However, considering the computational cost and efficiency, EEG data with many channels has to face the critical issue of channel selection. This paper proposed a channel selection method called class activation mapping with attention (CAM-Attention). The CAM-Attention method combined a convolutional neural network with channel and spatial attention (CNN-CSA) model with a gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) model. The CNN-CSA model exploited key features in EEG data by attention mechanism, and the Grad-CAM model effectively realized the visualization of feature regions. Then, channel selection was effectively implemented based on feature regions. Finally, the CAM-Attention method reduced the computational burden of taste EEG recognition and effectively distinguished the four tastes. In short, it has excellent recognition performance and provides effective technical support for taste sensory evaluation.

Aikaterini Karampatea, Adriana Skendi, Maria Irakli et al.

For a long time, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) has been the most universally used additive in winemaking. With its wide range of effects, ease of use, and low cost, sulfur dioxide has not yet been completely replaced by any process or substance. Since the expected trend for the near future is to keep reducing the concentration of sulfites, many investigations focus on alternative chemical, biological, or physical processes. This study aims to evaluate the chemical, antioxidant, and sensory impact of a plant-based product used as sulfur dioxide replacement (SDR) in white, rosé, and red wines produced as a result of the application of different vinification protocols. The physicochemical and sensory evaluation of the different wines produced showed that this plant-based product could be a good candidate, but appropriate winemaking treatments and optimization are needed to limit wine defects.

Shingo Yoshida

Research on sustainability practices and resilience in farm systems has focused on the mutual interrelationship between the two. When identifying critical variables related to sustainability, it is essential to take an integrated perspective that considers the interplay among sustainable practices and uses a dataset that includes both environmental and social indicators. Thus, this study aims to quantitatively identify the impact of integrated sustainability indices on farm resilience, which is classified as persistence and adaptation, in the face of Post-COVID-19 economic turbulence. We obtained data from a questionnaire survey of 4,604 farms conducted by a government financial institution. Integrated sustainability indices and resilience indices are formulated through the application of factor analysis. As a result, we develop six sustainability indices that integrate environmental and social practices. A regression analysis reveals a positive correlation between the integrated sustainability indices and short-term persistence as farm resilience. Moreover, these sustainability indices exhibit a more pronounced impact on long-term adaptive resilience. These results imply that the integrated sustainability indices are more adept at evaluating farmers’ sustainability endeavors and clarifying the relationship between sustainability and farm resilience than traditional environmental and social sustainability indicators.

Min-Jun Kim, Inhwan Lee

PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the cutoff values for gait and health-related physical fitness associated with osteoporosis in community-dwelling elderly women. METHODS A total of 180 elderly women (aged ≥60) participated. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the predictors of femoral neck-bone mineral density (FN-BMD) from the gait and fitness variables. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the cutoff points and predict the performance of osteoporosis. Finally, logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of osteoporosis risk. RESULTS Fast-pace stride length and upper body strength were identified as independent predictors of FN-BMD. The cutoff values for predicting osteoporosis were 129.2 cm (accuracy, 70.6%) for fast-pace stride length and 18.0 kg (accuracy, 69.4%) for upper body strength. Logistic regression analysis showed that the below-threshold group had a significantly higher risk (fast pace stride length: OR=6.063, 95% CI=2.195-16.753, p<.001; upper body strength: OR=5.079, 95% CI=1.798-14.346, p=.002) of osteoporosis than the above-threshold group, and this result remained significant even after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that measuring fast-pace stride length and grip strength, which can be easily assessed, may serve as useful tools for identifying osteoporosis risk in elderly women.

Syed Muhammad Naqi Abbas, Umar Farooq, Nida Firdous et al.

This research aimed to explore natural, cost-effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics, focusing on Citrus sinensis peel and Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. The objectives were to extract, characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of these extracts against common poultry pathogens. The proximate analysis of M. oleifera leaf powder revealed 22% protein, 10% fat, 10% ash, and 10% fiber. Phytochemical screening of both aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. oleifera and orange peel indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and total phenolics. These extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains like E. coli, S. gallinarum, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, Campylobacter, S. aureus and M. gallisepticum. In a study involving 30 broilers, those treated with M. oleifera extract showed superior antibacterial effects compared to other treatment groups. These findings suggest that M. oleifera leaf extract could serve as an effective, affordable alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets, potentially improving disease management in the poultry industry.

Alysha L. Deslippe, Alysha L. Deslippe, Georgia Middleton et al.

Not all adolescents have positive sport experiences. Research has repeatedly identified ties between unfavorable eating patterns and food beliefs (i.e., a dietary identity) that hinder an athletes’ health and performance. Gender norms and pressures over idealized bodies (e.g., boys are muscular whereas girls are thin) play a critical role in the manifestation of unfavorable eating habits. However, most research has focused on the experiences of athlete girls in elite sport spaces (e.g., high performance), leaving gaps in our understanding of how diverse youth in high school spaces are impacted. To address this gap, we aimed to explore the intersections between adolescents’ sport, dietary and gender identities in high school. We conducted 33 interviews with high school athletes (n = 9 girls and n = 9 boys) and non-athletes (n = 4 non-binary, n = 6 boys and n = 5 girls) using methods informed by an interpretative phenomenological approach. We generated three themes capturing adolescents’ experiences: (1) De-gendering protein and muscles; (2) Food displays what I value; and (3) Being [too] masculine is bad. Athletes recognized ties between masculinity and sport, but spoke about traditionally masculine eating habits (e.g., valuing protein) and body ideals (e.g., being muscular) as part of their athletic identity, not gender. Regardless of sport involvement, adolescents altered their outward expression of their dietary habits to demonstrate pieces of their identities, like being an athlete (e.g., eating protein) or feminine (e.g., smaller bites). Adolescents also spoke about using food to pursue idealized bodies that show deviation from traditional gender norms. Finally, adolescents held conflicting views about masculinity as being both toxic and useful for competition. By understanding identity intersections, coaches, trainers, parents, and sport decisions-makers can make more informed decisions about sport policy, programs, and practice that involve dietary advice to support this population.