Hasil untuk "Law of nations"

Klein Eckart

The article offers a comprehensive exploration of the complexities and nuances surrounding international peace and the legal mechanisms designed to achieve it. It delves into the historical evolution of public international law concerning war, peace, and international security. The article underscores the evolution of warfare as a means to achieve political objectives through sovereign rulers and states, leading to attempts at restraining warfare by humanitarian principles. It discusses the roles of the League of Nations, the Briand-Kellogg Pact, and the United Nations Charter in their attempts to curb the war. Despite peace being crucial for human rights and international behavior, wars persist. Consequently, the article scrutinizes the primary challenges associated with upholding global peace. Ultimately, it concludes that while public international law is pivotal in the pursuit of peace and justice, realizing these ideals necessitates the united determination of the collective will of all peoples to work towards that direction.

Camille Goodman

While there is a widely held view that disputes concerning fisheries in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) are largely exempt from the compulsory jurisdiction of courts and tribunals as a result of far-reaching exceptions in Part XV of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), this is not the case for all EEZ fisheries disputes. This article examines the specific question of disputes concerning the enforcement of fisheries laws and regulations in the EEZ, and considers how the Part XV framework has been – or could be – used and interpreted for the compulsory settlement of EEZ fisheries enforcement disputes. It examines the obligation of prompt release established in Article 292, the option to exclude compulsory jurisdiction with respect to law enforcement activities concerning EEZ fisheries by written declaration under Article 298(1)(b), and the opportunity to bring disputes concerning EEZ fisheries enforcement within the scope of compulsory jurisdiction under Article 297(1) by characterising them as relating to the freedom of navigation or the protection and preservation of the marine environment. Framing its enquiry by reference to the question posed in this special issue, the article argues that, rather than “swallowing the rule” of compulsory jurisdiction, the jurisdictional scheme established for EEZ fisheries enforcement disputes helps to “balance the equation” and support the effectiveness of Part XV in protecting the compromises that are embodied in the LOSC.

Luis Alberto Hallazi Méndez

En el Perú existen cincuenta y un pueblos indígenas reconocidos por el Estado peruano, uno de ellos es el pueblo kakataibo, ubicado entre la región de Huánuco y Ucayali, que reúne a ocho comunidades nativas kakataibo, las cuales vienen siendo amenazadas por invasiones de terceros en sus territorios reconocidos y titulados. Sin embargo, la comunidad nativa de Unipacuyacu aún no tiene un título de propiedad, lo que ha generado que las invasiones de su territorio sean más agresivas, al punto de que sus líderes indígenas son amenazados y el jefe de su comunidad, Arbildo Meléndez, fue asesinado. Se ha revisado la normativa nacional e internacional, así como los estándares mínimos del derecho internacional de los pueblos indígenas, donde se analiza el caso Unipacuyacu a la luz de dicha normativa y las nuevas políticas públicas para la protección de los defensores de derechos humanos.

Daniel Wunder Hachem, Luzardo Faria

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Ramos Fernando Prieto

Corrigenda issued by international organizations provide a most relevant source for the analysis of translation errors and what they reveal about institutional translation quality control and correction processes. This study examines corrigenda published in three settings (the European Union institutions involved in law-making, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization) in three years over a decade: 2005, 2010 and 2015. It reviews the procedures used to introduce translation corrections in these institutions before presenting the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of translation-triggered corrigenda in two target languages, French and Spanish, per setting, year, genre, error type and severity. A distinction is made between content reformulation corrections and minor formal corrections for the comparison of diachronic changes and semantic impact levels of corrected errors between the institutions considered. The findings confirm that minor formal errors may have meaning-distorting effects that are as serious as content reformulation errors; when this is not the case, they rarely trigger single-correction corrigenda. The UN recourse to “reissues for technical reasons” for translation corrections and the growing number of corrigenda to EU legal acts and their implications for translation quality assurance and legal certainty are further contextualized and discussed drawing on both corpus analysis and consultations with institutional informants.

Daniel Brombacher, Jan Westerbarkei

<p class="p1">The concept of alternative development (AD) in international drug control has evolved over the past four decades, with several major milestones between the two United Nations General Assembly Special Sessions on the World Drug Problem (UNGASS) 1998 and 2016. However, it was not until UNGASS 2016 that the door for development-oriented thinking in international drug policy was pushed wide open. The Chapter VII of the UNGASS 2016 Outcome Document not only assigns a prominent role to AD, but also seeks to broaden the scope of development towards urban drug markets and drug trafficking, formerly exclusive realms of law enforcement and repressive measures of drug supply control. Therefore, in the field of development a major revolution has taken place through the unequivocal broadening of the scope of development within UN drug control, feeding directly into the much-needed approximation of the UN drug control system and the Sustainable Development Goals. The article sheds light on the evolvement of the German approach of alternative development that has been influential at the international level in the shaping of the global drugs and development nexus.</p>

Carlos Ramos Núñez

Los derechos humanos en América Latina se han manifestado, históricamente hablando, a través de tres concepciones. La primera descansa principalmente en el individualismo iusnaturalista; en la segunda, el eje gira de la persona individual a otros centros de imputación normativa como la familia, el sindicato, el trabajo, la educación, la salud, inaugurando una perspectiva social de los derechos fundamentales. Por último, se impone una visión naturalista, una que transciende al individuo y a la colectividad y descansa en el paisaje, la tierra, el agua.

A. Wimmer

David John Frank, B. Camp, Steven A. Boutcher

Daniel Kanstroom

K. Srinivasan

David T. Gleeson

The United States has a history of treating people of different colors, races and ethnicity differently. The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants who could enter the United States from what were then considered undesirable areas such as Southern and Eastern Europe. Even before, in 1882, the Chinese were excluded from immigrating and by 1917, the United States had banned the immigration of most other Asians as well. The Immigration Act of 1965 was an outgrowth of the Civil Rights Movement and the Cold War. It eliminated the quotas and severe restrictions on Asian immigration, and mainly based entry into the United States on family reunification and, to a lesser extent, job skills. In large part owing to the 1965 law, there was a huge increase in immigration from Asia, the Caribbean (including Jamaica) and Latin America.

J. Sutton, L. Friedman

Benjamin Mathews, M. Kenny

O. Ajayi, O. Ajayi

O. Maclaren, Michael Barry, K. Sangster

Ilya I. Putilin

As a matter of response to globalisation processes glocalisation or manifestation of regionalism in all spheres of social life is a tendency predetermining development of international relations and international law at the current stage. Despite issues that catalyzed development of economic regionalism and its forms are dealt with in a considerable number of works, universal (objective) definition of “economic regionalism” is unknown to legal science. This article covers contemporary approaches to defining “regionalism” and “economic regionalism” in particular, predominant from the author’s perspective based on their analysis attempts to develop a universal definition of economic regionalism.

T. Kasser

M. Pawlak, M. Bui, Mahsa Amir et al.

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SUMÁRIO BILINGUE Bilingual Table of Contents