Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Yuan Sun, Yuting Xiang, Yuwei Chen et al.

Abstract Background Subway systems reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and carbon dioxide emissions in cities but the impacts of subway air pollution on the health of subway users remain obscure. We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 83 healthy adults, with 80 included in the final analysis, randomly grouped to spend 2 h daily for 5 consecutive days either in an office or on a subway platform. The fine (PM2.5) and thoracic (PM10) particles concentrations, temperature, and humidity were monitored. Measurements of health parameters were assessed, including lung function and levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and metabolites in serum. Results The subway platform exhibited significantly high pollutant levels, with mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of 193.4 ± 39.4 µg/m3 and 311.5 ± 64.3 µg/m3 respectively. After the 5-day subway exposure, significant declines were observed in lung-function index values, including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) as well as serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1 (p < 0.05). Conversely, somatosensory symptom scores, FeNO levels, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 were strongly elevated (p < 0.05). Results indicated increased arsenic and cobalt and decreased selenium in urine after the subway exposure (p < 0.05). Finally, the subway exposure was associated with disruptions in seven metabolic pathways and nine metabolites, particularly the depletion of L-cysteine, pretyrosine and O-acetyl-L-serine. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that repeated exposure to subway airborne particles is associated with reduced lung function and increased respiratory and systemic inflammation in healthy adults. Our results underscore the need to develop strategies to mitigate exposure risks, ultimately protecting public health in urban environments.

Eka Cempaka Putri, Decy Situngkir, Mukhlas Sumartanto

Introduction: The results of work stress research in the port industry show work stress at the port has the strongest relationship with the mental workload, followed by role ambiguity and interpersonal conflict. However, in the port industry with hot, noisy working conditions, unclear age limits for workers, workers with various backgrounds triggering conflict, long working hours triggering not only stress, but anxiety and depression in workers, results in high absenteeism and hypertension cases in port workers. The aim of this research is see how demographic factors, lifestyle, and job factors contribute to the incidence of mental disorders problems in the port logistic industry. Methods: We carried out descriptive analysis for demographic aspects, lifestyle, and work factors with each component of mental disorders, namely stress, anxiety and depression. Design study for this research is cross-sectional. DASS 42 was an instrument for dependent variable. Data analysis was conducted with the Chi-square test to see the strength of the relationship between the two variables. The sample in this study was 201 with total sampling method. Result: Research results show that demographic factors do not have a strong relationship with mental disorders; lifestyle factors are the factors that have the strongest relationship with mental disorders, namely routine exercise and sleep duration. Work factors do not have a strong relationship with mental disorders at Port Logistic Terminal at Tanjung Priok. Conclusion: Regular exercise and sleeping more than 7 hours can reduce the frequency of mental disorders. Companies can focus on providing their employees with sports facilities and education regarding regular exercise and sleeping more than 7 hours.

Haris Setyawan, Isna Qadrijati, Ratna Fajariani et al.

Introduction: Noise pollution from machine operations is one of industry's long-standing issues, especially in the textile manufacturing industry. High noise levels produced by weaving machine operation can harm employees' health, most notably hearing loss and stress at work. Since 1975, IT Co. Ltd., one of the biggest textile corporations in Surakarta, Indonesia, has struggled to find a solution to the issue of excessive noise, particularly in the weaving manufacturing facility. This study aims to determine the effect of employing earmuffs as a type of intervention to alleviate hearing loss complaints and subjective stress on weaving workers who are exposed to high-intensity noise. Methods: A time series design was used in this quasi-experimental study. This study’s participants were divided into 2 groups. The first group was weaving workers who used earmuffs as ear protection (Intervention Group), and the second group did not use earmuffs (Control Group). Data collection was carried out for 6 working days to see whether there was a significant effect of using earmuffs on hearing loss complaints and subjective stress. Results: From the second to the sixth day, using earmuffs as ear protection did not significantly reduce hearing loss complaints. However, it showed significant findings that increased the average score of subjective stress. Conclusion: Using earmuffs should protect the ears from noise exposure and its effects on workers' health. However, it has been shown that using earmuffs can increase the average score of hearing loss complaints and subjective stress.

Charis Theodoridis, George Menexes, Vasiliki Topitsoglou et al.

The present observational study aims to investigate the prevalence of tooth wear (TW) in a cluster of Northern Greek adults aged 35–44 years and, additionally, to assess any probable associations and interrelationships between TW and periodontal condition and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional design was embraced identically to our previous study on senior citizens. A sample of 531 individuals was considered, and they were examined according to WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys by three calibrated dentists-examiners in different urban and rural areas of Northern Greece. Simplified Tooth Wear Index (TWI), Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Attachment Loss (AL) and simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) were screened and calculated in a patient-level approach. TW is quite prevalent among middle-aged adults in Northern Greece, although it remains lower compared to older age groups. All the aforementioned periodontal indices were correlated significantly with TW; moreover, a tendency was detected for there to be more tooth wear in older age participants within the specific age group, in men as compared with women, in persons with lower educational levels and in those residing in rural areas.

Danielle T. Phillippi, Sarah Daniel, Vaidehi Pusadkar et al.

Abstract Background The gut microbiota plays a vital role in host homeostasis and is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a known mediator of inflammation and CVD and is reported to promote dysbiosis and decreased intestinal integrity. However, the role of inhaled traffic-generated PM on the gut microbiome and its corresponding systemic effects are not well-characterized. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to inhaled diesel exhaust particles (DEP) alters the gut microbiome and promotes microbial-related inflammation and CVD biomarkers. 4–6-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice on either a low-fat (LF, 10% fat) or high-fat (HF, 45% fat) diet were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 35 μg DEP suspended in 35 μl saline or saline only (CON) 2x/week for 30 days. To determine whether probiotics could prevent diet or DEP exposure mediated alterations in the gut microbiome or systemic outcomes, a subset of animals on the HF diet were treated orally with 0.3 g/day (~ 7.5 × 108 CFU/day) of Winclove Ecologic® Barrier probiotics throughout the study. Results Our results show that inhaled DEP exposure alters gut microbial profiles, including reducing Actinobacteria and expanding Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria. We observed increased circulating LPS, altered circulating cytokines (IL-1α, IL-3, IL-13, IL-15, G-CSF, LIF, MIP-2, and TNF-α), and CVD biomarkers (siCAM, PAI-1, sP-Selectin, thrombomodulin, and PECAM) in DEP-exposed and/or HF diet mice. Furthermore, probiotics attenuated the observed reduction of Actinobacteria and expansion of Proteobacteria in DEP-exposed and HF-diet mice. Probiotics mitigated circulating cytokines (IL-3, IL-13, G-CSF, RANTES, and TNF- α) and CVD biomarkers (siCAM, PAI-1, sP-Selectin, thrombomodulin, and PECAM) in respect to DEP-exposure and/or HF diet. Conclusion Key findings of this study are that inhaled DEP exposure alters small intestinal microbial profiles that play a role in systemic inflammation and early CVD biomarkers. Probiotic treatment in this study was fundamental in understanding the role of inhaled DEP on the microbiome and related systemic inflammatory and CVD biomarkers.

Sylvia Cristina Duarte Torres

Este artículo responde a la invitación de la Editora y el Comité Editorial de la Revista Ocupación Humana, para la publicación del número especial de celebración de los 50 años de fundación de la organización científica y gremial de las y los terapeutas ocupacionales de Colombia. Recoge las memorias, análisis y reflexiones a futuro de la terapeuta ocupacional Sylvia Cristina Duarte Torres, quien tuvo a su cargo la presidencia de la Asociación Colombiana de Terapia Ocupacional -ACTO en el periodo 1996 a 1999. Este y los demás textos de expresidentas que hacen parte de este número especial están llenos de la fortaleza, energía y proyección de sus autoras y de nuestra profesión. Resultan, entonces, en un importante y significativo testimonio histórico de lo que hemos construido y de la inmensa y poderosa tarea que tiene el Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional para continuar construyendo y respondiendo a los retos del ser ocupacional – personales, colectivos y sociales –, del país, la región y el mundo. 

Johany Paulina Gómez Díaz

Introducción: Los avances tecnológicos de los medios diagnósticos han influido favorablemente en el desarrollo de las ciencias médicas. La ecografía con los equipos de última generación ofrece múltiples usos que facilitan el diagnóstico. Actualmente se incluye el ultrasonido como parte del examen médico periódico que se realiza a los pacientes trabajadores que ingresan en el Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Trabajadores de La Habana, Cuba. Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad del ultrasonido en el diagnóstico temprano de enfermedades. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el servicio de Imagenología del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Trabajadores de La Habana, Cuba. La muestra estuvo constituida por 689 pacientes, a los cuales se les realizó ultrasonido en el período comprendido entre mayo de 2019 y enero de 2020. Resultados: En total, se examinaron 239 pacientes trabajadores ingresados y 450 de consulta externa. El examen que más se indicó fue el de hemiabdomen superior, seguido del prostático y ginecológico. Los hallazgos más frecuentes en trabajadores fueron la esteatosis hepática, con 29,5 %, y las afecciones renales, con 10,8 %, con predominio del sexo masculino con 57 %. Hubo 404 casos con al menos un hallazgo patológico en la ecografía. Conclusiones: El ultrasonido constituye un medio de diagnóstico eficaz para la evaluación de los pacientes trabajadores que ingresan en el Instituto. Introduction: Technological advances in diagnostic means have favorably influenced the development of medical sciences. Echography, with the latest generation equipment, offers multiple uses that facilitate diagnosis. Currently, ultrasound is included as part of the periodic medical examination performed on working patients, who are admitted to the National Institute of Workers' Health of Cuba. Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasound in the early diagnosis of diseases. Material and method: A descriptive cross-sectional the study was carried out in the Imaging service of the National Institute of Workers' Health of Cuba. The sample consisted of 689 patients who underwent ultrasound in the period between May 2019 and January 2020. Results: In total, 239 admitted workers and 450 outpatient patients were examined, the most indicated examination was the upper hemiabdomen, followed by the prostate and gynecological. The most frequent findings in workers were hepatic steatosis with 29.5% and kidney diseases with 10.8%, predominantly males with 57%. There were 404 cases with at least one pathological finding on ultrasound. Conclusions: Ultrasound is an effective diagnostic tool for the evaluation of working patients entering the institute.

Jurnal Ijosh

Luana Argote Ravelo, Elen García Silva, Elena Socarrás Montes

Introducción: La obesidad y el sobrepeso están afectando a la población trabajadora a nivel mundial. Situaciones laborales como las largas jornadas, el estrés laboral, la falta de condiciones idóneas para realizar adecuadamente el almuerzo en el trabajo, actividades laborales sedentarias, potencian el depósito de grasa corporal. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional de una población trabajadora del sector agropecuario en el municipio Arroyo Naranjo, en el periodo enero-septiembre de 2018. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; se determinaron medidas antropométricas y factores de riesgos relacionados, en una muestra de 33 trabajadores. Resultados: promedio de edad de 53,2 años; 72,7 % fueron hombres; el 33,3 % fue clasificado como sobrepeso y el 39,4 % con obesidad; el 76,2 % de los hombres y 66,7 % de mujeres presentaron cifras indicativas de obesidad central o abdominal; se encontró un 27,2 % de hipertensos, 36,4 % con dislipidemias, 45,4 % con osteoporosis, y 12,2 % de diabéticos; algunos factores laborales encontrados fueron: largas jornadas laborales, estrés laboral, la falta de condiciones idóneas para trabajar, horarios de almuerzo que no se cumplen, una parte de la actividad laboral no exige un gran gasto calórico, y alteraciones en el sueño por preocupaciones laborales. Conclusiones: Conocemos las limitaciones del estudio, el tamaño de la muestra; pero los resultados indican un problema real; tenemos una parte importante de la población estudiada que sufre de sobrepeso u obesidad, asociada a patologías de base; donde confluye el poco entusiasmo por la práctica de ejercicio físico. La fórmula CUM-BAE parece ser útil para evaluar los pacientes, pero se requiere una muestra mayor para validarla.

Maritza Alfonso Romero, Victoria de la Caridad Ribot Reyes, Maité Alfonso Romero et al.

Introducción: El consumo de tabaco y la exposición a su humo se mantienen como la primera causa de muerte prevenible a nivel mundial, incluso entre los trabajadores sanitarios. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de adicción física a la nicotina e identificar la etapa para el cambio de comportamiento del hábito de fumar en profesionales de la salud fumadores del policlínico «Carlos Manuel Portuondo». Material y método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el periodo comprendido entre mayo y julio de 2018, con una muestra de 61 participantes. Se emplearon el test de Fagerström y la metodología de Prochaska y Diclemente. Resultados: En la casuística predominaron los que presentaban una dependencia moderada a la nicotina y se encontraban en la etapa de contemplación ante el cambio de hábito respecto al tabaquismo (54,1 %), el sexo femenino (74,5 %), las edades comprendidas entre 45 y 59 años (39,3 %) y, como profesión, los enfermeros (42,6 %), seguidos por los médicos generales integrales (32,8 %). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los fumadores presentaba una dependencia a la nicotina moderada y se encontraban en las etapas de preparación y contemplación para el cambio de comportamiento

Jamine Cunha dos Reis, Patricia da Silva Santos, Mayara Francelle Oliveira Barata et al.

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>Devido o surto de Zika, em 2015/2016, nasceram no Recife/PE bebês com microcefalia, resultando em desenvolvimento atípico. A gravidade do quadro para a saúde pública exigiu resposta rápida, com pesquisas, treinamento e estruturação da rede de saúde. Assim, o terapeuta ocupacional incorporou-se às equipes de estimulação e reabilitação das crianças e à produção de conhecimentos na área. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> Apresentar a experiência de atendimento a bebês com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV), durante estágio curricular de Terapia Ocupacional. <strong>Método: </strong>Relato de estágio curricular de Terapia Ocupacional utilizando registros clínicos e de supervisão pela orientadora e docente, durante estágio de cinco meses, em um serviço de Doenças Infectocontagiosas de um hospital-escola, referência para atendimento a recém nascidos com a SCVZ. <strong>Resultados: </strong>Foram atendidos 24 bebês com microcefalia, com idade entre 3 e 10 meses. Foi detectado comprometimento de funções neurológicas, com atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, alterações de tônus e dos sistemas visual, auditivo, proprioceptivo, vestibular e tátil. A estimulação foi dirigida as habilidades para o desenvolvimento infantil e criação de ambiente apropriado e seguro visando às aquisições motoras, sensoriais, de comunicação, cognitivas e sociais das crianças. Orientações as famílias, confecção de adaptações, facilitação do brincar e de atividades de vida diária também foram realizadas. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: O estágio permitiu experienciar às contribuições da Terapia Ocupacional para a estimulação de crianças com microcefalia, capacitando-nos como futuros profissionais para as demandas da atualidade e para a produção de conhecimentos.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="left"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Due to the outbreak of  the Zika virus, in 2015/2016, many babies were born with microcephaly in Recife/PE, resulting in atypical development. The severity of this panorama for public health required a rapid response, through research, training and structuring of the health network. Thus, occupational therapists were incorporated into the teams for infant stimulation and rehabilitation, and into the production of knowledge in the area. <strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the experience of assisting children with microcephaly by the Zika Virus, during a curricular internship of occupational therapy. <strong>Method: R</strong>eports of the curricular internship of occupational therapy. We used the clinical supervision records from the professional and academic training, during 5 months in the infectious diseases infirmary and outpatient clinic at a referral university hospital for congenital Zika virus syndrome in Recife. <strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four infants with microcephaly, aged between 3 and 10 months, were treated. We observed neurological impairment, with delayed neuropsychomotor development, and alterations in the tonus and visual, auditory, proprioceptive, vestibular and tactile systems. Stimulation was directed towards the skills for infant development and for creating an appropriate, safe environment in which children were able to acquire motor, sensory, communication, cognitive and social skills. Guidelines for the families, making adaptations, facilitation of playing skills and activities of daily living were also carried out. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The training period allowed us to experience the contributions of occupational therapy for the stimulation of children with microcephaly, preparing us as future professionals for the current demands and for the production of knowledge.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Microcephaly; Occupational Therapy; Early Intervention; Clinical Clerkship; Zika Virus</p>

Paul J. A. Borm, Paul Fowler, David Kirkland

Abstract Human exposure to (certain forms of) crystalline silica (CS) potentially results in adverse effects on human health. Since 1997 IARC has classified CS as a Group 1 carcinogen [1], which was confirmed in a later review in 2012 [2]. The genotoxic potential and mode of genotoxic action of CS was not conclusive in either of the IARC reviews, although a proposal for mode of actions was made in an extensive review of the genotoxicity of CS by Borm, Tran and Donaldson in 2011 [3]. The present study identified 141 new papers from search strings related to genotoxicity of respirable CS (RCS) since 2011 and, of these, 17 relevant publications with genotoxicity data were included in this detailed review. Studies on in vitro genotoxic endpoints primarily included micronucleus (MN) frequency and % fragmented DNA as measured in the comet assay, and were mostly negative, apart from two studies using primary or cultured macrophages. In vivo studies confirmed the role of persistent inflammation due to quartz surface toxicity leading to anti-oxidant responses in mice and rats, but DNA damage was only seen in rats. The role of surface characteristics was strengthened by in vitro and in vivo studies using aluminium or hydrophobic treatment to quench the silanol groups on the CS surface. In conclusion, the different modes of action of RCS-induced genotoxicity have been evaluated in a series of independent, adequate studies since 2011. Earlier conclusions on the role of inflammation driven by quartz surface in genotoxic and carcinogenic effects after inhalation are confirmed and findings support a practical threshold. Whereas classic in vitro genotoxicity studies confirm an earlier no-observed effect level (NOEL) in cell cultures of 60-70 μg/cm2, transformation frequency in SHE cells suggests a lower threshold around 5 μg/cm2. Both levels are only achieved in vivo at doses (2–4 mg) beyond in vivo doses (> 200 μg) that cause persistent inflammation and tissue remodelling in the rat lung.

Lilian Dias Bernardo, Alessandra Carvalho de Paula, Laísa Souza Pereira et al.

The aim of this study was to understand the work process of Brazilian occupational therapists who work in long-term care institutions in the city of Curitiba, Paraná - Brazil, with elderly people with dementia. A cross - sectional descriptive study was carried out, with professionals who have been working for more than six months in these institutions. Data collection was by means of an online questionnaire, to identify the professional profile, demands of the elderly, assessment and intervention actions. It was verified that the elderly patients are mostly female and diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. The most used assessment was the Mini Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the most cited interventions were expressive, artisan, recreational and leisure activities. Also the numerous cognitive interventions are highlighted. As a result, improvements in cognitive functions were pointed out, especially in aspects of attention, temporal orientation and initiative, as well as a decrease in apathy, improvement in self-esteem, participation and social interaction. However, many interventions identified in the research still have modest or low scientific evidence and these studies need to be further developed. In caring for caregivers, few actions are taken. It is concluded that, in this study, the occupational therapist’s performance showed a unique line of action, with repercussions that point to the better occupational performance of the deferred elderly or to improvements in cognitive and behavioral aspects.

Huimin Liang, Aijie Chen, Xuan Lai et al.

Abstract Background The extensive biological applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in stomatology have created serious concerns about their biotoxicity. In our previous study, ZnO NPs were confirmed to transfer to the central nervous system (CNS) via the taste nerve pathway and cause neurodegeneration after 30 days of tongue instillation. However, the potential adverse effects on the brain caused by tongue-instilled ZnO NPs are not fully known. Methods In this study, the biodistribution of Zn, cerebral histopathology and inflammatory responses were analysed after 30 days of ZnO NPs tongue instillation. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in vivo were further elucidated by treating BV2 and PC12 cells with ZnO NPs in vitro. Results This analysis indicated that ZnO NPs can transfer into the CNS, activate glial cells and cause neuroinflammation after tongue instillation. Furthermore, exposure to ZnO NPs led to a reduction in cell viability and induction of inflammatory response and calcium influx in BV2 and PC12 cells. The mechanism underlying how ZnO NPs induce neuroinflammation via the Ca2+-dependent NF-κB, ERK and p38 activation pathways was verified at the cytological level. Conclusion This study provided a new way how NPs, such as ZnO NPs, induce neuroinflammation via the taste nerve translocation pathway, a new mechanism for ZnO NPs-induced neuroinflammation and a new direction for nanomaterial toxicity analysis.

María Marcela Bottinelli, Mariela Nabergoi, Marcela Cecilia Mattei et al.

Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad caracterizar el surgimiento y desarrollo de la formación de terapeutas ocupacionales en Argentina entre 1956 y 1965, identificando acontecimientos relevantes ocurridos desde el inicio de la carrera en la Escuela Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional - ENTO. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas en profundidad y utilizando metodologías propias de la historia oral. Asimismo, se trabajó con fuentes primarias y secundarias como documentos de época, material de archivo y planes de estudio. El análisis permite ubicar a la ENTO en el marco de la apertura de carreras de las áreas de salud y ciencias sociales, el proceso de incorporación de las mujeres a la educación superior, y acciones de cooperación internacional para la instalación del modelo de rehabilitación y la formación en disciplinas afines dentro de una estrategia desarrollista. Con influencia de la WFOT, tomando el modelo de la Dorset House School, a través de acciones de cooperación y un sistema de becas se formaron profesionales que desarrollaron la disciplina en distintas regiones de Argentina y otros países de Latinoamérica. Estos resultados permiten potenciar los diálogos hacia la comprensión de los procesos comunes y distintivos que dieron lugar a la institucionalización de Terapia Ocupacional en nuestro continente.

Clara Duarte Cuervo, Aleida Fernández Moreno, Jaqueline Cruz Perdomo et al.

La investigación historiográfica en Terapia Ocupacional es un campo propicio para proyectar estudios subalternos y decoloniales; este artículo hace una aproximación a la comprensión y el análisis en clave de historia social de la profesión en Colombia. Hablar del pasado en Terapia Ocupacional significa encontrar los sentidos de la ocupación a través de las prácticas, las instituciones y los sujetos. El artículo se organiza en tres apartados: uso de las ocupaciones en hospitales y otras instituciones durante la colonia en el Nuevo Reino de Granada; prácticas e instituciones hacia la consolidación de la República, y entrada al siglo XX: de la corrección a la terapia. Se identifican el trabajo y la instrucción en oficios como opción correctiva y de redención empleada en hospicios, asilos y otras instituciones desde el siglo XVII. Este recorrido sugiere una constante histórica: los oficios –la ocupación–, como práctica de las instituciones y bajo principios de caridad y beneficencia, han sido utilizados para formar, ocupar, corregir, normalizar y, en cualquier caso, hacer productivas a las personas socialmente marginadas.

Diego Cifuentes

We live in an age where the beneficiaries of the health system have the opportunity to be covered again by the National Health Fund (FONASA) for the provision of occupational therapy. In this new process, and as in the past, occupational therapya work has been valued and emphasized the importance that the state provides coverage for the population to fully accessto professionals whose work is already evident, but many times remained invisible within the benefits to which access, precisely because of the lack of resources ...

Tsuruoka Shuji, Endo Morinobu, Ichihara Gaku

<p>Abstract</p> <p>The extended session on Biological Evaluations with Carbon Nanotubes was held on 18 July, 2008 in Nagano as a part of the International Carbon 2008 Conference. During this session researchers and regulators discussed recent publications that have shown significant hazards of carbon nanotubes in animal models and have received wide coverage in the lay press. The discussion focused on significance and interpretation of the data, their meaning to further development, and prevention of exposure at the workplace. The paper of Poland et al was presented and detailed by Dr. Duffin, a senior researcher at the ELEGI-COLT lab at Edinburgh University (UK). Dr. Takagi and his team did not share our discussion although they were invited to do so.</p>

Dolores Toledo

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R. Hollingsworth, V. K. Rowe, F. Oyen