Hasil untuk "History of Poland"

Serin Kim, Sangam Lee, Dongha Lee

Large language models have advanced web agents, yet current agents lack personalization capabilities. Since users rarely specify every detail of their intent, practical web agents must be able to interpret ambiguous queries by inferring user preferences and contexts. To address this challenge, we present Persona2Web, the first benchmark for evaluating personalized web agents on the real open web, built upon the clarify-to-personalize principle, which requires agents to resolve ambiguity based on user history rather than relying on explicit instructions. Persona2Web consists of: (1) user histories that reveal preferences implicitly over long time spans, (2) ambiguous queries that require agents to infer implicit user preferences, and (3) a reasoning-aware evaluation framework that enables fine-grained assessment of personalization. We conduct extensive experiments across various agent architectures, backbone models, history access schemes, and queries with varying ambiguity levels, revealing key challenges in personalized web agent behavior. For reproducibility, our codes and datasets are publicly available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/Persona2Web-73E8.

KaiWen Wei, Kejun He, Xiaomian Kang et al.

Generative recommendation, which directly generates item identifiers, has emerged as a promising paradigm for recommendation systems. However, its potential is fundamentally constrained by the reliance on purely autoregressive training. This approach focuses solely on predicting the next item while ignoring the rich internal structure of a user's interaction history, thus failing to grasp the underlying intent. To address this limitation, we propose Masked History Learning (MHL), a novel training framework that shifts the objective from simple next-step prediction to deep comprehension of history. MHL augments the standard autoregressive objective with an auxiliary task of reconstructing masked historical items, compelling the model to understand ``why'' an item path is formed from the user's past behaviors, rather than just ``what'' item comes next. We introduce two key contributions to enhance this framework: (1) an entropy-guided masking policy that intelligently targets the most informative historical items for reconstruction, and (2) a curriculum learning scheduler that progressively transitions from history reconstruction to future prediction. Experiments on three public datasets show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art generative models, highlighting that a comprehensive understanding of the past is crucial for accurately predicting a user's future path. The code will be released to the public.

Agnieszka Słupianek-Winkowska

Bogusław Gąszcz

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie sylwetek dwóch kaliskich notariuszy Zbigniewa Dulęby (1883-1942) oraz Bolesława Zawadzkiego (1885-1938), którzy – wcześniej nie związani z Kaliszem – na skutek różnych zawirowań w swoich prawniczych karierach, zakończyli je właśnie w tym mieście. Opracowanie jest przyczynkiem do badań nad kaliskimi notariuszami poruszanymi już w literaturze przez Samantę Kowalską („Notariat miasta Kalisza w dobie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego (1918-1939)”, Kalisz-Poznań 2012) oraz Grzegorza Walisia („Notariusze kaliscy w latach 1808-1951”, Kalisz 2022). Przypomnienie postaci tych dwóch notariuszy jest istotne dla ukazania, że poza niewątpliwym profesjonalizmem dla kontynuowania kariery w notariacie konieczne było zaangażowanie polityczne. Ponadto notariusze to nie tylko bezduszni prawnicy, cieszący się estymą w społeczeństwie, ale ludzie „z krwi i kości” z emocjami, zazdrością i walką o klienta.

Krystyna Patora

Asumptem do napisania niniejszego artykułu stało się orzeczenie niemieckiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Magdeburgu z dnia 14 grudnia 2020 r., dotyczące oceny lajkowania jako przestępstwa i podstawy do wydalenia cudzoziemca z kraju. Autorka dokonała nie tylko analizy tego orzeczenia, ale także przepisów niemieckiego prawa karnego w kierunku wskazania czy takie zachowanie wypełnia znamiona czynu zabronionego i ewentualnie jakiego. Przedmiotem analizy stały się także przepisy dotyczące podstaw do wydalenia cudzoziemca z terenu Niemiec. Ponadto umieszczenie „polubienia” zostało ocenione na gruncie polskiego prawa karnego materialnego oraz jako podstawa do wydalenia cudzoziemca z Polski. Autorka omówiła także najnowsze projekty zmiany niemieckiego prawa, które mają umożliwić szybsze wydalenie z Niemiec.

Christoph Draxler, Henk van den Heuvel, Arjan van Hessen et al.

Oral history is about oral sources of witnesses and commentors on historical events. Speech technology is an important instrument to process such recordings in order to obtain transcription and further enhancements to structure the oral account In this contribution we address the transcription portal and the webservices associated with speech processing at BAS, speech solutions developed at LINDAT, how to do it yourself with Whisper, remaining challenges, and future developments.

VanJessica Gladney, Breanna Moore, Kathleen Brown

In 2006 and 2016, the University of Pennsylvania denied any ties to slavery. In 2017, a group of undergraduate researchers, led by Professor Kathleen Brown, investigated this claim. Initial research, focused on 18th century faculty and trustees who owned slaves, revealed deep connections between the university's history and the institution of slavery. These findings, and discussions amongst the researchers shaped the Penn and Slavery Project's goal of redefining complicity beyond ownership. Breanna Moore's contributions in PSP's second semester expanded the project's focus to include generational wealth gaps. In 2018, VanJessica Gladney served as the PSP's Public History Fellow and spread the project outreach in the greater Philadelphia area. That year, the PSP team began to design an augmented reality app as a Digital Interruption and an attempt to display the truth about Penn's history on its campus. Unfortunately, PSP faced delays due to COVID 19. Despite setbacks, the project persisted, engaging with activists and the wider community to confront historical injustices and modern inequalities.

Łukasz Rozwadowski

Stosowane dość często wyrażenia, takie jak „wartości lewicowe” czy „tradycyjne wartości”, sugerują, że zwornikiem łączącym rozproszone wartości w uchwytną całość może być wyłącznie określona tożsamość bądź ideologia, których znaczenie wytwarza się w ramach polaryzacji. Dziś, gdy doskwierają nam starcia typowe dla współczesnych wojen kulturowych, tym istotniejsze staje się pytanie, czy sfery wartości można pomyśleć poza językiem sprowadzającym wszystko, co cenne, do opozycji. W odpowiedzi na to zagadnienie artykuł prezentuje koncepcję wypracowywaną na wrocławskim kulturoznawstwie, wedle której struktury wartości czerpią swoją specyfikę z własnej, szczególnej budowy. Wobec pewnych niedostatków tej koncepcji — w tym: zbyt wąskiego ujęcia wartości — dokonana została jej korekta zmierzająca do zastąpienia człowieka w roli podmiotu waluacji subiektywnością w rozumieniu fenomenologicznym. Wskazane zostały również możliwe typy relacji między wartościami: obok stosunków hierarchicznych proponuje się wyróżnienie jeszcze dwóch: współwystępowania i rozłączności.

Ewa Obała

Seong Jin Kim, Tomotsugu Goto, Chih-Teng Ling et al.

With the advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), extra-galactic source count studies were conducted down to sub-microJy in the mid-infrared (MIR), which is several tens of times fainter than what the previous-generation infrared (IR) telescopes achieved in the MIR. In this work, we aim to interpret the JWST source counts and constrain cosmic star-formation history (CSFH) and black hole accretion history (BHAH). We employ the backward evolution of local luminosity functions (LLFs) of galaxies to reproduce the observed source counts from sub-microJy to a few tens of mJy in the MIR bands of the JWST. The shapes of the LLFs at the MIR bands are determined using the model templates of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for five representative galaxy types (star-forming galaxies, starbursts, composite, AGN type 2 and 1). By simultaneously fitting our model to all the source counts in the six MIR bands, along with the previous results, we determine the best-fit evolutions of MIR LFs for each of the five galaxy types, and subsequently estimate the CSFH and BHAH. Thanks to the JWST, our estimates are based on several tens of times fainter MIR sources, the existence of which was merely an extrapolation in previous studies.

Kai Wang, H. J. Mo, Yangyao Chen et al.

We propose a novel method to quantify the assembly histories of dark matter halos with the redshift evolution of the mass-weighted spatial variance of their progenitor halos, i.e. the protohalo size history. We find that the protohalo size history for each individual halo at z~0 can be described by a double power-law function. The amplitude of the fitting function strongly correlates to the central-to-total stellar mass ratios of descendant halos. The variation of the amplitude of the protohalo size history can induce a strong halo assembly bias effect for massive halos. This effect is detectable in observation using the central-to-total stellar mass ratio as a proxy of the protohalo size. The correlation to the descendant central-to-total stellar mass ratio and the halo assembly bias effect seen in the protohalo size are much stronger than that seen in the commonly adopted half-mass formation time derived from the mass accretion history. This indicates that the information loss caused by the compression of halo merger trees to mass accretion histories can be captured by the protohalo size history. Protohalo size thus provides a useful quantity to connect protoclusters across cosmic time and to link protoclusters with their descendant clusters in observations.

Gerard Pasternak, Karolina Pieniawska-Śmiech, Mateusz Walkowiak et al.

Background: In the last days of December 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) was introduced, for the first time, for wide use in Poland. According to the vaccination schedule, healthcare workers were the first to receive the vaccine. The aim of this study was to analyse the attitudes of those who were determined to be vaccinated, with particular reference to their concerns, attitudes towards vaccination advocacy and sources of knowledge on vaccination, as well as the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods: The study had a three-stage design. Respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire before receiving the 1st and 2nd vaccine doses and 2 weeks after receiving the 2nd dose. A total of 2247 responses were obtained (1340 responses in the first stage, 769 in the second and 138 in the third). Results: The main source of knowledge on vaccination was the Internet (32%; <i>n</i> = 428). Of the respondents, 6% (<i>n</i> = 86) reported anxiety before the 1st dose of the vaccine, which increased to 20% (<i>n</i> = 157) before the 2nd dose. A declaration of willingness to promote vaccination among their families was made by 87% (<i>n</i> = 1165). Among adverse reactions after the 1st dose of the vaccine, respondents most frequently observed pain at the injection site (<i>n</i> = 584; 71%), fatigue (<i>n</i> = 126; 16%) and malaise (<i>n</i> = 86; 11%). The mean duration of symptoms was 2.38 days (SD 1.88). After the 2nd dose of vaccine, similar adverse reactions—pain at the injection site (<i>n</i> = 103; 75%), fatigue (<i>n</i> = 28; 20%), malaise (<i>n</i> = 22; 16%)—predominated among respondents. Those who declared having had a SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (<i>p</i> = 0.00484) and with a history of adverse vaccination reactions (<i>p</i> = 0.00374) were statistically more likely to observe adverse symptoms after vaccination. Conclusions: Adverse postvaccinal reactions are relatively common after Comirnaty vaccination but are usually mild and transient in nature. It is in the interest of public health to increase the knowledge of vaccine safety.

Andrzej A. Zięba

THE MADŻARSKI FAMILY – RENAISSANCE OF MEMORY (МАДЖАРСКИЕ: АРМЯНСКИЙ РОД В ИСТОРИИ БЕЛАРУСИ, НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АРХИВ БЕЛАРУСИ, ФОНД РАЗВИТИЯ И ПОДДЕРЖКИ АРМЕНОВЕДЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ «АНИВ», МИНСК-ЕРЕВАН 2023) The album book, jointly published by the National Historical Archive of Belarus and the Foundation for the Development and Support of Armenian Studies, is dedicated to the Madżarski family – Armenians who came from the Ottoman Empire to operate the Radziwiłłs’ workshop manufacturing kontush sashes in Słuck (Slutsk, today in Belarus). Such sashes were an essential element of traditional Polish noble attire. The reviewed book is based on archival research and draws upon significant sources on this topic. It is also an expression of the inheritance of historical memory from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by contemporary Belarusian society and, from Polish Armenians by the current Armenian diaspora in Belarus.

Andrew Iskauskas, Ian Vernon, Michael Goldstein et al.

Modelling complex real-world situations such as infectious diseases, geological phenomena, and biological processes can present a dilemma: the computer model (referred to as a simulator) needs to be complex enough to capture the dynamics of the system, but each increase in complexity increases the evaluation time of such a simulation, making it difficult to obtain an informative description of parameter choices that would be consistent with observed reality. While methods for identifying acceptable matches to real-world observations exist, for example optimisation or Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, they may result in non-robust inferences or may be infeasible for computationally intensive simulators. The techniques of emulation and history matching can make such determinations feasible, efficiently identifying regions of parameter space that produce acceptable matches to data while also providing valuable information about the simulator's structure, but the mathematical considerations required to perform emulation can present a barrier for makers and users of such simulators compared to other methods. The hmer package provides an accessible framework for using history matching and emulation on simulator data, leveraging the computational efficiency of the approach while enabling users to easily match to, visualise, and robustly predict from their complex simulators.

Alicja Bartnicka

Znana dziś pod skrótem SS organizacja sztafet ochronnych Adolfa Hitlera (Schutzstaffel) zawdzięcza swój prężny rozwój Heinrichowi Himmlerowi, który w latach istnienia Trzeciej Rzeszy uczynił z niej elitarną formację, stanowiącą tak narzędzie władzy wykonawczej, jak i zaplecze polityczno-wojskowe narodowosocjalistycznego reżimu. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że SS była dla Himmlera projektem o niezwykle istotnym znaczeniu, ponieważ to na jej gruncie, już od momentu objęcia funkcji Reichsführera, realizował koncepcję rasowej wspólnoty rodów. Głosząc teorię o tym, że „ludzie mogą być hodowani z równym powodzeniem jak hoduje się zwierzęta”, Himmler marzył o wybudowaniu czystego rasowo społeczeństwa, mającego najbardziej cenione genetycznie przez narodowosocjalistyczną władzę cechy. By zrealizować ten projekt, jako Reichsführer wprowadził sekwencję różnego rodzaju wytycznych, dzięki którym w szeregi SS mieli być przyjmowani wyłącznie kandydaci spełniający ustanowione przez niego rasowe kryteria. Z czasem te restrykcyjne wymogi zaczęto stosować również wobec kandydatek na przyszłe żony SS-manów, co na przestrzeni kolejnych lat miało zagwarantować zarówno wybudowanie elitarnej pod względem rasowym wspólnoty rodów, jak i ciągłość genetyczną najbardziej pożądanych cech. Himmler rościł sobie prawo nie tylko do wydawania pozwoleń na zawarcie małżeństwa przez podległych mu SS-manów, lecz także zaczął ingerować w ich życie rodzinne, oczekując od par wchodzących w skład wspólnoty rodów konkretnej dzietności czy też dostosowania się do określonych ról społecznych. Artykuł koncentruje się na opisaniu założeń teoretycznych i praktycznych działań Heinricha Himmlera mających na celu wybudowanie rasowej elity niemieckiego narodu na gruncie podległej mu SS. W tekście podjęto także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy rzeczywiście przestrzegano ustanowionych przez Himmlera wytycznych i na ile te praktyczne założenia okazały się skuteczne (w jakim stopniu wpłynęły na liczbę zawieranych przez SS-manów małżeństw oraz na liczbę rodzących się w tych związkach dzieci)?

Allison Marsh

Dr. Maria Stuchly is an IEEE Life Fellow recognized for her contributions to the understanding of interactions of electromagnetic fields with living systems. Born and educated in Poland, she immigrated to Canada as a Postdoctoral Fellow in 1970. For 16 years she worked as a research scientist at the Bureau of Radiation and Medical Devices for Health &amp; Welfare Canada, developing protection standards for occupational, medial, and public exposure to radio frequency (RF) and microwave fields. She later became a professor and named research chair at the University of Victoria before retiring in 2004. This article is the second in a continuing series of biographical pieces on women who have made significant and continuous contributions to microwave science, technology, and applications over the course of their careers. The articles are based on oral histories with the subject, conducted in conjunction with the IEEE History Center and deposited online with the Engineering and Technology History Wiki.

Sachini Herath, Saghar Irandoust, Bowen Chen et al.

The paper proposes a multi-modal sensor fusion algorithm that fuses WiFi, IMU, and floorplan information to infer an accurate and dense location history in indoor environments. The algorithm uses 1) an inertial navigation algorithm to estimate a relative motion trajectory from IMU sensor data; 2) a WiFi-based localization API in industry to obtain positional constraints and geo-localize the trajectory; and 3) a convolutional neural network to refine the location history to be consistent with the floorplan. We have developed a data acquisition app to build a new dataset with WiFi, IMU, and floorplan data with ground-truth positions at 4 university buildings and 3 shopping malls. Our qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed system is able to produce twice as accurate and a few orders of magnitude denser location history than the current standard, while requiring minimal additional energy consumption. We will publicly share our code, data and models.

Matthew D Snape, Melanie Gündert, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler et al.

Introduction The Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes-SINT1A Study is designed as a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre, multinational, primary prevention study aiming to assess whether daily administration of Bifidobacterium infantis from age 7 days to 6 weeks until age 12 months to children with elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes reduces the cumulative incidence of beta-cell autoantibodies in childhood.Methods and analysis Infants aged 7 days to 6 weeks from Germany, Poland, Belgium, UK and Sweden are eligible for study participation if they have a &gt;10.0% expected risk for developing multiple beta-cell autoantibodies by age 6 years as determined by genetic risk score or family history and HLA genotype. Infants are randomised 1:1 to daily administration of B. infantis EVC001 or placebo until age 12 months and followed for a maximum of 5.5 years thereafter. The primary outcome is the development of persistent confirmed multiple beta-cell autoantibodies. Secondary outcomes are (1) Any persistent confirmed beta-cell autoantibody, defined as at least one confirmed autoantibody in two consecutive samples, including insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet tyrosine phosphatase 2 or zinc transporter 8, (2) Diabetes, (3) Transglutaminase autoantibodies associated with coeliac disease, (4) Respiratory infection rate in first year of life during supplementation and (5) Safety. Exploratory outcomes include allergy, antibody response to vaccines, alterations of the gut microbiome or blood metabolome, stool pH and calprotectin.Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the local ethical committees of the Technical University Munich, Medical Faculty, the Technische Universität Dresden, the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, the Medical University of Warsaw, EC Research UZ Leuven and the Swedish ethical review authority. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations and will be openly shared after completion of the study.Trial registration number NCT04769037.

Jankowiak B, Kowalewska B, Krajewska- Kułak E et al.

Barbara Jankowiak,1 Beata Kowalewska,1 El&zdot;bieta Krajewska- Ku&lstrok;ak,1 Rafa&lstrok; Milewski,2 Maria Anna Turosz3 1Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; 2Faculty of Health Sciences Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; 3Faculty of Physical Education and Health Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Biala Podlaska, PolandCorrespondence: Barbara JankowiakDepartment of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 7A MC Sk&lstrok;odowskiej Str, Bialystok, 15-096, PolandTel +48 85 748 55 28Email barbara.jankowiak@umb.edu.plIntroduction: Psoriasis is a chronic disease with intermittent flares and remissions. Each individual perceives the disease, its somatic effects, resultant dysfunction and related problems differently. This attitude is primarily determined by one’s characterological traits and type of illness. A primary response to the diagnosis can be denial, underestimation, acceptance or overestimation of the disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the level of illness acceptance and its effect on the quality of life in moderate psoriasis depending on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.Materials and Methods: The study included 186 patients with plaque psoriasis with Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores ≤ 10. The inclusion criteria of the study were duration of psoriasis > 2 years, age ≥ 18 years, and lack of other somatic or mental disorders during three months preceding the study. The study participants completed the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) as well as an original survey containing questions about their sociodemographic characteristics and information about their disease.Results: Mean AIS score for the study group was 24.3 pts. Patients older than 40 years presented with lower levels of illness acceptance than younger persons (p = 0.0311). Also, patients’ sex and duration of psoriasis significantly affected the acceptance of the illness, with lower AIS scores found in women (p = 0.0092) and persons with a longer history of the disease (p = 0.0362). Mean DLQI score for the study group was 13.3 pts. A lower level of illness acceptance turned out to exert an unfavorable effect on the quality of life (QOL) in psoriasis (p = 0.0015; R = − 0.33).Conclusion: In this study, patients with psoriasis presented with a moderate level of the illness acceptance, and a significant correlation was found between this parameter and QOL.Keywords: illness acceptance, psoriasis, psychodermatology, quality of life

Karol Seidel

In 1833 the Prussian authorities issued a cabinet order announcing the liquidation of all monastic congregations in the Grand Duchy of Poznan, which resul-ted in the dissolution of the Cistercian abbey in Przemęt in 1836. The archival unit contains correspondence of the Regency with other bodies of state administration and institutions of the Catholic Church in Poznan in the matter of the Cistercian library in Przemęt just before and after the suppression.