Hasil untuk "History (General)"

Kiyoshi Igusa, Gordana Todorov

Whereas exceptional sequences have a long history with many well-known connections to combinatorics, signed exceptional sequences are relatively recent. The authors introduced this concept in 2017 [19], although it was retroactively realized that the category of noncrossing partitions [24] is a special case of this construction. Buan and Marsh [4] have introduced the concept of $τ$-exceptional sequences to generalize the definitions and theorems to all finite dimensional algebras. This short paper is the story of the original concept of signed exceptional sequences for hereditary algebras and how it developed out of the two authors' study of algebraic K-theory, link invariants, and cluster combinatorics.

H. Ernandes, D. Feuillet, S. Feltzing et al.

The Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus was the last major merger and central turning point in the Milky Way's story. This event, comparable in mass to the Large Magellanic Cloud today, left behind significant debris that provides valuable insights into the assembly history of our Galaxy and the chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies. By examining the aftermath of the GSE merger, we can delve deeper into understanding how the Milky Way's formation unfolded and how dwarf galaxies evolved chemically. Specifically, the distinct patterns of neutron capture elements such as Eu and Ba, along with Mg, offer clues about the star formation history. Through a comprehensive analysis of data compiled in the SAGA database, we investigated the Gaia Sausage-Enceladus' star formation history. Elemental abundance ratios ([Eu/Mg], [Ba/Mg], and [Eu/Ba]) derived from this study, when compared with those of surviving Milky Way satellites, indicate that the GSE experienced a prolonged period of slow star formation, lasting over 2 Gyr, until it was eventually quenched by merging with the Milky Way. Consequently, these elemental signatures serve as a unique window into the complex history of both surviving and accreted satellites orbiting our Galaxy.

Wenhan Lyu, Devashish Tyagi, Yihang Yang et al.

Long user history is highly valuable signal for recommendation systems, but effectively incorporating it often comes with high cost in terms of data center power consumption and GPU. In this work, we chose offline embedding over end-to-end sequence length optimization methods to enable extremely long user sequence modeling as a cost-effective solution, and propose a new user embedding learning strategy, multi-slicing and summarization, that generates highly generalizable user representation of user's long-term stable interest. History length we encoded in this embedding is up to 70,000 and on average 40,000. This embedding, named as DV365, is proven highly incremental on top of advanced attentive user sequence models deployed in Instagram. Produced by a single upstream foundational model, it is launched in 15 different models across Instagram and Threads with significant impact, and has been production battle-proven for >1 year since our first launch.

Abbas Ghaddar, David Alfonso-Hermelo, Philippe Langlais et al.

In this work, we dive deep into one of the popular knowledge-grounded dialogue benchmarks that focus on faithfulness, FaithDial. We show that a significant portion of the FaithDial data contains annotation artifacts, which may bias models towards completely ignoring the conversation history. We therefore introduce CHARP, a diagnostic test set, designed for an improved evaluation of hallucinations in conversational model. CHARP not only measures hallucination but also the compliance of the models to the conversation task. Our extensive analysis reveals that models primarily exhibit poor performance on CHARP due to their inability to effectively attend to and reason over the conversation history. Furthermore, the evaluation methods of FaithDial fail to capture these shortcomings, neglecting the conversational history. Our findings indicate that there is substantial room for contribution in both dataset creation and hallucination evaluation for knowledge-grounded dialogue, and that CHARP can serve as a tool for monitoring the progress in this particular research area. CHARP is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/huawei-noah/CHARP

VanJessica Gladney, Breanna Moore, Kathleen Brown

In 2006 and 2016, the University of Pennsylvania denied any ties to slavery. In 2017, a group of undergraduate researchers, led by Professor Kathleen Brown, investigated this claim. Initial research, focused on 18th century faculty and trustees who owned slaves, revealed deep connections between the university's history and the institution of slavery. These findings, and discussions amongst the researchers shaped the Penn and Slavery Project's goal of redefining complicity beyond ownership. Breanna Moore's contributions in PSP's second semester expanded the project's focus to include generational wealth gaps. In 2018, VanJessica Gladney served as the PSP's Public History Fellow and spread the project outreach in the greater Philadelphia area. That year, the PSP team began to design an augmented reality app as a Digital Interruption and an attempt to display the truth about Penn's history on its campus. Unfortunately, PSP faced delays due to COVID 19. Despite setbacks, the project persisted, engaging with activists and the wider community to confront historical injustices and modern inequalities.

Elitsa Nenova

Международната конференция по българистика, която беше организирана от Историческия факултет, Факултета по славянски филологии и Катедрата по езиково обучение на Софийския университет „Св. Климент Охридски“, имаше за цел да събере учени от България и чужбина за обмен на знания и изследвания в областта на българистиката, историята, антропологията, съвременната българска литература, езика и превода. Конференцията предостави платформа за нови изследвания и популяризиране на българистиката с над четиридесет презентации и участници от над седем държави.

Seong Jin Kim, Tomotsugu Goto, Chih-Teng Ling et al.

With the advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), extra-galactic source count studies were conducted down to sub-microJy in the mid-infrared (MIR), which is several tens of times fainter than what the previous-generation infrared (IR) telescopes achieved in the MIR. In this work, we aim to interpret the JWST source counts and constrain cosmic star-formation history (CSFH) and black hole accretion history (BHAH). We employ the backward evolution of local luminosity functions (LLFs) of galaxies to reproduce the observed source counts from sub-microJy to a few tens of mJy in the MIR bands of the JWST. The shapes of the LLFs at the MIR bands are determined using the model templates of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for five representative galaxy types (star-forming galaxies, starbursts, composite, AGN type 2 and 1). By simultaneously fitting our model to all the source counts in the six MIR bands, along with the previous results, we determine the best-fit evolutions of MIR LFs for each of the five galaxy types, and subsequently estimate the CSFH and BHAH. Thanks to the JWST, our estimates are based on several tens of times fainter MIR sources, the existence of which was merely an extrapolation in previous studies.

Rui An, Vera Gluscevic

We present a model-independent reconstruction of the early expansion and thermal histories of the universe, obtained from light element abundance measurements. The expansion history is tightly constrained around the onset of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). The temperature of photons is additionally constrained around the time of neutrino decoupling. Allowing for perturbations to the standard expansion rate, we find that the radiation energy density is constrained to within 15% of its $Λ$CDM value, and only 1% extra matter energy density is allowed around the epoch of BBN. We introduce a new and general analytic fitting formula for the temperature variation, which is flexible enough to reproduce the signal of large classes of beyond-CDM particle models that can alter the temperature through early-time energy injection. We present its constraints from BBN data and from the measurements of effective number of relativistic species and helium-4 abundance probed by the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation anisotropy. Our results provide clarity on the most fundamental properties of the early universe, reconstructed with minimal assumptions about the unknown physics that can occur at keV--MeV energy scales and can be mapped to broad classes of models of interest to cosmology.

Baatr Uchaevich Kitinov

The Mongolian peoples traditionally associated crucial events and processes with the name of Genghis Khan. Nonetheless, that name acquired a nominal significance in one sphere, specifically as a title or an auxiliary name to the first, where it became a special name. The Genghis Khan name itself held a holy and tabooed implication that guided its subsequent realization. The study aims to investigate the impact of religion on the utilisation of Genghis Khan’s title by the Mongolian leaders during the XVII- XVIII centuries. The study focuses on two leaders of Mongolian peoples, the Chakhar in the east and the Oirat-Hoshut in the west, to examine the uniformity and diversity of interpreting and implementing this name as a title. They were Ligdan and Lkhavzan, with Ligdan being a direct descendant of Genghis Khan and Lkhavzan was considered to be a descendant of Khabutu, the younger brother of Genghis Khan. The author came to the following conclusions: such use of Genghis Khan’s name became possible due to the influence of a number of factors that actualised Genghis Khan’s name: 1) the struggle against separatism under the influence of external force; 2) the desire to “start anew”, to lead a “new era of prosperity”; 3) the need to identify oneself as a true leader under the increasing role of religion. The scientific contribution is to determine the multidimensional meaning of Genghis Khan’s name; its use as a title had common grounds and characteristics, and in general had the expected (albeit in the short term) results.

Chyntia Putriasni Kurnia, Fajar Wasilah, Leni Lismayanti

Mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 are associated with hyperinflammation. The CRP and ferritin are acute phase proteins that marks incidence of inflammation and used as the paramaters of hyperinflammation. This study aimed to determine the validity of CRP and ferritin level examination in moderate and severe COVID-19 since the time of admission. This was a cross-sectional analytical retrospective study with on moderate and severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, during the period of March 2020 to December 2020. The CRP and ferritin levels were obtained since the beginning of admission to the fourth day since admission on patients without any history of anemia. Subjects in this study were divided into moderate and severe COVID-19 groups based on the 3rd edition of COVID-19 Prevention and Control Guideline issued by the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Each group consisted of 30 subjects. The cut-off value was 7.65 mg/dL (AUC 0.698) for CRP and 963.1 mcg/L (AUC 0.938) for ferritin. The validity of ferritin vs CRP were reflected respectively as follows:  93.3% vs 76.7% sensitivity; 80.0% vs 63.3% specificity; 82.4% vs 67.6% PPV; and 92.3% vs 73.1% NPV. The validity of ferritin was proven to be superior as it  significantly increases since day one, persisted longer and reaches its peak on  the16th day. Meanwhile, CRP increases within 6-8 hours and reaches its peak within 48 hours after inflammation, then declines soon afterwards.

Lourdes Lobato-Bailón, Ane López-Morales, Rita Quintela et al.

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in healthy animals is often asymptomatic. However, some species with little history of contact with the parasite, such as marsupials and New World primates, present high mortality rates after infection. Despite its potential conservation concern, <i>T. gondii</i> infection in insectivorous bats has received little attention, and its impact on bat populations’ health is unknown. To assess the putative role of insectivorous bats in the cycle of <i>T. gondii</i>, samples of three species of bats (<i>Pipistrellus pipistrellus</i>, <i>P. pygmaeus</i> and <i>P. kuhlii</i>) collected between 2019 and 2021 in NE Spain were tested for the presence of the parasite using a qPCR. All tissues resulted negative (0.0% prevalence with 95% CI: [0.0–2.6]) for the presence of <i>T. gondii</i>. Unlike previous studies on insectivorous bats from Europe, Asia and America, the present study suggests that <i>Pipistrellus</i> spp. bats do not play a significant role in the epidemiology of <i>T. gondii</i> in NE Spain. Further studies are encouraged to elucidate both the epidemiology of <i>T. gondii</i> and its potential impact on the health of microchiropteran species in Europe.

Fuad Mohammed Frieh, Hanan Khaled Ibrahim

Many researchers confirm that the time we live nowadays is witnessing conflicts and wars which made human being face psychological and biological stressors. Psychological literature suggested that such stressors could affect negatively our psychological and biological well-being. Therefore, so many studies were conducted investigating the negative impact of such stressors on personality and how our defense mechanisms could face such difficulties. The current study aims to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program in reducing anxiety disorders and strengthening the psychological immune system among students. To achieve the aims of the current study, the researchers adopted the experimental method and counseling program. The program was applied among a sample of (80) female students who got the highest scores on the Psychological Immune System Scale (PISS) and Taylor's Explicit Anxiety Scale which consists of 48 items. The group was divided into two groups (experimental and control group). Each group consisted of (40) students. After conducting the parity process in the variables of age, number of family members, birth order, economic and education level, the results showed that the counseling program was effective in increasing the effectiveness of psychological immunity and reducing the manifestations of anxiety among the experimental group. The recommendations and suggestions are discussed.

James E. Upjohn, Michael J. I. Brown, Andrew M. Hopkins et al.

We measure the cosmic star formation history out to z = 1.3 using a sample of 918 radio-selected star forming galaxies within the 2 square degree COSMOS field. To increase our sample size, we combine 1.4 GHz flux densities from the VLA-COSMOS catalogue with flux densities measured from the VLA-COSMOS radio continuum image at the positions of I < 26.5 galaxies, enabling us to detect 1.4 GHz sources as faint as 40 uJy. We find radio measurements of the cosmic star formation history are highly dependent on sample completeness and models used to extrapolate the faint end of the radio luminosity function. For our preferred model of the luminosity function, we find the star formation rate density increases from 0.019 Solar masses per year per cubic Mpc at z = 0.225 to 0.104 Solar masses per year per cubic Mpc, which agrees to within 33% of recent UV, IR and 3 GHz measurements of the cosmic star formation history.

Mariela Canali

Entrevista a Amelia Rivaud Morayta Realizada por Mariela Canali Bogotá, 5 de abril de 2019 en el marco del VIII Encuentro Internacional de Historia Oral y memorias.  

Goźdź-Roszkowski Stanisław

This paper investigates the role of (DIS)RESPECT a value premise in two landmark civil rights cases given by the United States Supreme Court. It adopts a corpus-assisted approach whereby a keyword analysis and the analysis of key semantic domains are used to identify potential values relied upon by judges in their justifications. The two categories of NO RESPECT and RESPECTED have been selected and examined as one domain of (DIS)RESPECT. (DIS)RESPECT turns out to be the only value marked by strong evaluative polarity and it is found in the majority, as well as in dissenting opinions. The analysis shows how the notion of (DIS)RESPECT has been integrated into the arguments of judges and it highlights the central importance of values and the related evaluative language for legal argumentation.

Antonio Henrique Seixas de Oliveira, Diana de Souza Pinto

As bandas filarmônicas são das manifestações culturais mais significativas na vida social portuguesa, sobretudo, nas regiões centro e norte do país (Granjo, 2005). Observa-se que, no contexto do associativismo migrante, o elo de memória com a tradição e os costumes portugueses é estabelecido nas celebrações e instituições criadas pelos migrantes que constituem lugares de memória (Nora, 1993) nos quais as representações simbólicas e ritualizações portuguesas são materializadas, dentre elas, as bandas filarmônicas, objeto deste estudo de doutoramento com foco na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.  Investigamos a atividade filarmônica de migrantes portugueses inicialmente naquela cidade e, em numa perspectiva sincrônica, o fizemos em escala planetária nos séculos XX e XXI. Desenvolvemos extensa revisão de literatura sobre migração portuguesa, pesquisa em periódicos locais e na Internet e contatamos músicos e dirigentes associativos no Rio de Janeiro, Estados Unidos, Canadá e Venezuela. Neste artigo, discutimos a distribuição das bandas filarmônicas portuguesas em atividade na diáspora da migração portuguesa nas Américas articulando-a aos fluxos migratórios que lhes deram origem. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, por exemplo, existem atualmente duas bandas filarmônicas portuguesasem atividade – a Banda Portugal e a Banda Irmãos Pepino, fundadas, respectivamente, em 1921 e 1958. Todavia, a pesquisa realizada nos periódicos locais revelou que diversos grupos congêneres foram criados e encerraram suas atividades nesta cidade como a Banda do Centro Musical da Colônia Portuguesa (1920-1930), a Banda Lusitana (1923-1998) e a Banda União Portuguesa (1924-1929).   Palavras-chave: Bandas Filarmônicas. Portugal. Migração. Américas. Memória.

Chiang-Mei Chen, James M. Nester, Wei-Tou Ni

For the benefit of the readers of this journal, the editors requested that we prepare a brief review of the history of the development of the theory, the experimental attempts to detect them, and the recent direct observations of gravitational waves (GWs). The theoretical ideas and disputes beginning with Einstein in 1916 regarding the existence and nature of GWs and the extent to which one can rely on the electromagnetic analogy, especially the controversies regarding the quadrupole formula and whether GWs carry energy, are discussed. The theoretical conclusions eventually received strong observational support from the binary pulsar. This provided compelling, although indirect, evidence for GWs carrying away energy--as predicted by the quadrupole formula. On the direct detection experimental side, Weber started more than 50 years ago. In 1966, his bar for GW detection reached a strain sensitivity of a few times 10^-16. His announcement of coincident signals (now considered spurious) stimulated many experimental efforts from room temperature resonant masses to cryogenic detectors and laser-interferometers. Now there are km-sized interferometric detectors (LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo and KAGRA). Advanced LIGO first reached a strain sensitivity of the order of 10^-22. During their first 130 days of observation (O1 run), with the aid of templates generated by numerical relativity, they did make the first detections: two 5-sigma GW events and one likely event. Besides earth-based GW detectors, the drag-free sensitivity of the LISA Pathfinder has already reached to the LISA goal level, paving the road for space GW detectors. Over the whole GW spectrum (from aHz to THz) there are efforts for detection, notably the very-low-frequency band (pulsar timing array [PTA], 300 pHz-100 nHz) and the extremely-low (Hubble)-frequency (cosmic microwave background [CMB] experiment, 1 aHz-10 fHz).

CAROLINE CUNILL

Robert John Wilson, Michael Heath, Douglas Speirs

The North Atlantic copepods Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus are moving north in response to rising temperatures. Understanding the drivers of their relative geographic distributions is required in order to anticipate future changes. To explore this, we created a new spatially explicit stage-structured model of their populations throughout the North Atlantic. Recent advances in understanding Calanus biology, including U-shaped relationships between growth and fecundity and temperature, and a new model of diapause duration are incorporated in the model. Equations were identical for both species, but some parameters were species-specific. The model was parameterized using Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey data and tested using time series of abundance and fecundity. The geographic distributions of both species were reproduced by assuming that only known interspecific differences and a difference in the temperature influence on mortality exist. We show that differences in diapause capability are not necessary to explain why C. helgolandicus is restricted to the continental shelf. Smaller body size and higher overwinter temperatures likely make true diapause implausible for C. helgolandicus. Known differences were incapable of explaining why only C. helgolandicus exists southwest of the British Isles. Further, the fecundity of C. helgolandicus in the English Channel is much lower than we predict. We hypothesize that food quality is a key influence on the population dynamics of these species. The modelling framework presented can potentially be extended to further Calanus species.