Hasil untuk "General works"

Nathan Hopson

This is a case study of Japan’s school lunch program (kyūshoku) in the long 1960s. Using previously unexamined archival materials, I present concrete evidence for the ideological and practical transformation of kyūshoku during those years. I argue that with basic nutrition essentially assured after 1958, hygiene, discipline, mutual responsibility, and other aspects of social learning were increasingly prioritized over the original goal of improving school attendance and performance. Put differently, kyūshoku’s functions shifted―in line with Maslow’s needs hierarchy―from physiological and safety needs to social needs, a development common among successful social programs. As codified since the mid-1950s, the program is a cornerstone of Japanese compulsory education with a dual mandate to nurture healthy, responsible citizens. Schools therefore emphasize “proper” dietary habits on the one hand and sociability, cooperation, gratitude, etc., on the other. Through structured, unified, participatory daily rituals including serving and cleanup, children learn hygiene, teamwork, responsibility, and more. Embodied knowledge from collective experiences of discipline become part of children’s habitus and values. These aspects of kyūshoku suggest the need for a nuanced vision of the role of discipline and technologies of the self in educational and childrearing spaces.

Jialan Zhang, Ludan Zhang, Kuan Zhang et al.

Abstract Agricultural non-point source pollution significantly threatens global ecosystems and sustainable agricultural development. Adopting diversified green production technologies is recognized as a key approach to mitigating agricultural pollution and promoting sustainability. Internet use (IU) has become essential for promoting farmers’ diversity in green production technology adoption (DIGPTA) and mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution. Although many studies have analyzed the impact of IU on agricultural green production technologies, the relationship between IU and farmers’ DIGPTA remains poorly understood. In particular, the mechanism by which IU influences farmers’ DIGPTA remains unclear. Based on the micro-survey data from the China Land Economy Survey (CLES) conducted between 2020 and 2022, this study employs the IV-Tobit model to investigate how IU affects farmers’ DIGPTA and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that: (1) IU is significantly correlated with farmers’ DIGPTA. Farmers’ DIGPTA increases by 53.10% as IU increases by one unit. (2) When grouped by generational differences, IU substantially influences the DIGPTA of new-generation farmers. (3) IU enhances farmers’ DIGPTA by influencing their decision-making preferences, environmental awareness, and diversification risk perception. The mediating effects of decision-making preferences, environmental awareness, and diversification risk perception on farmers’ DIGPTA are 11.90%, 6.79%, and 16.84%, respectively. These findings have important implications for addressing agricultural non-point source pollution and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

A. R. Gilmullin

This article theoretically examines some contradictions and major milestones in the development of the doctrines of just laws as laid out by prominent Russian scholars during the 19th century. It analyzes the problems surrounding different theoretical approaches and conceptions regarding the connection between justice and law through the works of M.M. Speransky, N.M. Karamzin, P.I. Pestel, N.M. Muravyov, K.A. Nevolin, B.N. Chicherin, V.S. Solovyov, and S.A. Muromtsev. The results obtained show that the period under study was marked by the elaboration of a conceptual framework and basic criteria of positive law from the perspectives of liberal (natural law) and ethical beliefs, which align with spiritual (Christian) principles. This strengthened the humanistic and moral foundations of Russian legal understanding. Additionally, a continuing and stable connection is revealed between the philosophical and legal doctrines of the 18th and 19th centuries, indicating the common (abstract, not fully comprehended) motivational grounds and logic in the establishment of legal freedoms.

Xingrong Guo, Siyu Chen, Yiming Guo

Abstract This study explores the development and global landscape of multimodal teaching research from 1995 to 2023, focusing on influential contributors, thematic trends, and emerging research directions. Aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field’s evolution and future potential, this study addresses three core research questions: (1) How has research in multimodal teaching progressed over time? (2) What are the primary topics and current concerns in multimodal teaching research? (3) What theoretical and practical implications arise from these findings, and what opportunities exist for future exploration? Employing a mixed-methods approach with bibliometric and content analysis, 689 articles were analyzed, revealing significant growth in research output, particularly since 2016. Analysis using CiteSpace identified major contributors, including Nanyang Technological University and the State University System of Florida, with the United States, China, and Australia leading in publication volume. Prominent research themes include augmented reality, cognitive load, early childhood education, and multimedia human-computer interaction, reflecting an increasing focus on technology-enhanced learning environments. This study not only highlights the current trends in multimodal teaching but also proposes a conceptual framework and future research directions, offering valuable insights for the adaptation of educational practices in increasingly digital and multimodal contexts.

Cong Ma, Min Zhao, Tianyuan Xin et al.

U3Si2 is a potential accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) due to its high thermal conductivity and uranium density relative to UO2. The grain size and distribution play an essential role in the service performance of U3Si2. However, the grain evolution is quite complicated and remains unclear, which limits further application of U3Si2 in the ATF assembly. In the present work, a phase-field model is employed to investigate the nucleation and growth of grains in U3Si2. Our results show that the number of grains rises rapidly at the nucleation stage until they occupy the whole system. After that, the grain radius and area continue to grow, and the grain number decays. The grain area increases in time according to the linear law, while the mean grain radius increases with time in a power law form with the scaling growth exponent z = 0.42, which is quite close to the theoretically predicted value. Finally, we performed statistical analysis and found that the grain size evolution of U3Si2 obeys Rayleigh distribution. Our simulation not only elucidates the nucleation and evolution of grains in U3Si2 during the thermal treatment process unambiguously but also provides a fundamental study on the investigation of grain growth, subdivision, and even amorphization in the irradiated condition, which is very important for U3Si2 used as ATF in the light water reactor.

Hommyyev Toyly Babageldyevich

Among the Turkmen villagers, there have been stories about the making of ancient models of traps and snares used in hunting. The origins of various traps used in hunting go back thousands of years. The Turkmens hunting tools were made of wood, bone, yarn, pieces of cloth and similar simple things. The presence of unique types of traps means the perfection of folk practices. One of the Turkmens hunting tools are snares and various kinds of traps, which are rarely made today. Catching birds with the help of “surge”, “chara” and “hepbik” are stored in people’s memory. The tradition of hunting with traps has also become a thing of past. Simple hunting tools and cages indicate that the ancient Turkmens had accumulated a wealth of experience and had a whole arsenal of various tools used in hunting.

Stuart G Nicholls

Zhihao Xu, Chao Liu, Ziyang Song

In a modern power system, to realize the safe operation of units and maintain the frequency stability of the power network, various means of frequency modulation can be adopted. However, there are some deficiencies in the real-time monitoring and assessment management of primary frequency modulation (PFM). To solve these problems, a PFM online monitoring and management method based on the “master–sub” control station model in a wide area measurement system (WAMS) is proposed as a control strategy to support frequency modulation of units and assist power network assessment. In the hybrid monitoring system strategy of the master control station and sub control station, the sub control station is built locally in the power plant to monitor the operational status of the unit in real-time and calculate the PFM assessment index. The master control station is built in the dispatching center, receiving the assessment data uploaded by the sub control station and sending the PFM simulation test instruction. This strategy can effectively improve the real-time performance of dynamic monitoring and parameter calculation, and reduce the probability of frame loss and communication instability in long-distance data transmission. The experimental results show that the PFM online monitoring management control strategy based on the “master–sub” control station model can effectively monitor the unit and provide data support for PFM assessment.

Maria do Rosário Alves Coelho Alves Coelho, Lorenna Grasielle Silva Bispo

A violência contra a mulher não é um fenômeno recente, porém, contemporaneamente este tema se tornou pauta de discussões, sobretudo, nas últimas décadas, onde o movimento feminista ganhou notoriedade na mídia televisiva, manchete de jornais e internet. Todavia, no que tange à violência testemunhada por crianças e adolescentes na esfera doméstica, ainda é um assunto escasso no Brasil, dispondo de pouquíssimos trabalhos em torno desta temática. Enxerga-se como importante e urgente que pesquisas e debates sobre esta forma de violência indireta se transformem em políticas públicas no combate ao enfrentamento desse problema, pois, as consequências dos atos de violência acometidos no seio familiar em especial contra as mulheres-mães causam prejuízos à saúde emocional dos menores envoltos nessas ocorrências. Este artigo, contextualiza um estudo demonstrando que o convívio em um ambiente doméstico violento enfraquece as identidades e intervém no desenvolvimento social alterando o comportamento dos filhos na fase adulta.

Muhammad Asghari, Neda Mohajel

This article reviews Michel Foucault’s late work, entitled What Is Critique and the Care of the Self, which deals with both the content of the book and its Persian translation. Foucault’s most recent work, especially in this book, deals with the subject of Kantian Enlightenment and the question of the ethics of taking care of a particular attitude to the subject and its governance and upbringing to express its critical view of modernity and social and moral structures. What is Foucault’s critique of the Kantian epistemological approach to the question of “what can I know?” Redirects to the critical question and believes that critique is a redefined movement that gives the subject the right to know the truth about his power effects and the power of his truth discourses. Ask a question. Concerning the second part of the book, one can also summarize Foucault’s words about his upbringing in his aesthetic attitude, something that Foucault himself emphasizes. He believes that it is an artwork in itself. An art work that everybody has to make, and everybody has it in their own way. Regarding the evaluation of the Persian translation of this book, it can be said that although it has been translated into fluent and fluent language, the lack of an introduction by the Persian translators and the lack of a profile and last references of the book and some incorrect translations of Latin terminology are some of the shortcomings of this work.

Gladys Ayaya, Tsediso Michael Makoelle, Martyn van der Merwe

Previous studies conducted on the implementation of inclusive education in South African full-service schools showed that teachers lacked knowledge and expertise in inclusive teaching practices. Furthermore, in some international studies, it is recommended that, to enhance inclusive teaching, it was necessary to involve the teaching communities concerned, using their in-depth understanding of the problem at hand, to come up with emancipatory solutions that could assist in the design of effective teaching strategies to enhance inclusive teaching. Therefore, this study investigated the role of participatory action research (PAR) in enhancing teachers’ inclusive teaching practices in full-service schools. This qualitative PAR study was conducted for 6 months by a research team comprising 12 teachers in a full-service school in the Johannesburg East District of South Africa. Data were collected through PAR stages of planning, observation, action, and reflection. To analyze data, during PAR, group interpretative meetings were held with coresearchers and, after PAR process, an inductive qualitative thematic content data analysis was done by the researcher. Among the findings from the study was that teachers’ understandings of inclusive education were varied. Their conceptions about what it meant to be an inclusive teacher in a full-service school context were also vague. However, the study has found that through PAR participation teachers were able to share and develop own understandings of these concepts. Furthermore, the study identified a need for teachers in a full-service school to be reflective, critical, and innovative about their teaching practices to cater for diverse learner needs in the classroom, which are skills necessary for enhancing inclusive teaching and learning. The study has confirmed PAR as a viable change strategy of teaching toward inclusion.

Adriane Elisa Glasser, Joni Márcio Dorneles Fontella, Maria Elena Pires Santos et al.

A contemporaneidade tem sido marcada por mudanças constantes nas sociedades, em sua maioria decorrentes da globalização e acompanhar esses acontecimentos tem sido tarefa árdua em diversos setores, em especial no meio escolar. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a importância da etnografia na escola, buscando expor algumas de suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas na área da educação. Para tanto, apresentamos uma parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado realizada em uma escola estadual na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, no estado do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo que toma como fatos etnográficos a convergência entre transletramentos, saberes locais e era digital durante as aulas de Língua Portuguesa na terceira série do Ensino Médio. Para tal, buscamos embasamento nos principais conceitos que norteiam os estudos etnográficos, trazendo para o rol das discussões os autores  Mattos (2011); Silva (2015); Street (2014); Peirano (2014); Pires-Santos et al (2015), entre outros.  

Grzegorz Godawa

Parents involved in their child’s distance education process during the COVID-19 pandemic situation reflected on their acquired experiences and described them for this study. A qualitative analysis of 169 statements of respondents showed their critical attitude towards the way distance teaching is being implemented. Parents point out the inconveniences they face during their everyday help in their children’s learning process and organising family life. They assess the quality of remote teaching, highlighting its advantages and shortcomings. Respondents assess the teachers’ work thoroughly, appreciating their efforts but also pointing out deficiencies in their commitment and didactic skills. They emphasise the advantages of online teaching.

Jordan Windholz

The digital divide is deeply felt by undergraduate students in resource-restricted universities, but creative, if also labor-intensive, solutions exist for instructors negotiating paywalls and other institutional impediments. In this essay, I argue that teaching early modern drama outside the restraints of the Shakespearean archive and through a host of digital archives, databases, and tools not only engages students in inquiry-based, active learning but also cultivates a critical sense of how digital tools obviate and exacerbate questions of access. To make my case, I describe how I designed and taught a course on non-Shakespearean drama for English majors at Shippensburg University, one of Pennyslvania’s state-funded universities. After describing the mechanics of the course, I further theorize and examine the ways centering digital archives, databases, and tools as course texts enables students to think critically about the content available through these resources as well as the information hierarchies and receptions histories they promulgate.

Sri Margana

This article examines the social realities of literary works and the colonial perceptions of socio-political movement inspired by the ideologies of Islam, communism, and the Just King (Ratu Adil). The main sources for this study are four propaganda literatures published by the Resident of Yogyakarta, Louis Frederik Dingemans (1924-1927). It employs post-colonial literary theory to analyse the colonial authority’s perceptions of Islam, communism, and Ratu Adil, and examines how colonial rulers (as colonizers) positioned themselves as above indigenous society (the colonized) as the guardians of moral, social, and political order.

Ion GUMENÂI

<p>Articolul de faţă se referă la istoria urbanistică a Chişinăului, iar dacă e să fim mai precişi – la construcţia Bisericii armene „Învierea Domnului” ridicate în cimitirul armenesc din această urbe. O atenţie aparte se acordă unor documente ce au fost colectatela Arhivele Naţionaleale Armeniei.</p><p align="center"> </p><p><strong>SOME DATA WITH REFERENCE TO THE ARMENIAN CHURCH THE</strong></p><p><strong>RESURRECTION OF CHRIST IN CHISINAU</strong></p><p>The present article refers to the urban history of Chisinau, and if it is to be more precise in the construction of the Armenian Church the Resurrection of the Lord built in the Armenian cemetery of this city. Particular attention is drawn to documents that were collected at the National Archives of Armenia.</p>

José Luis ALONSO SANTOS, Auro APARECIDO MENDES, Silvia Aparecida GUARNIERI ORTIGOZA

In the economic relations between Spain and Brazil investment is the most relevant factor. The text analyzes its evolution, mainly from the beginning of the twenty-first century, which marks a new phase of contraction and increase in economic and political relations. Since the 1990s, Spanish capital found in Brazil a strategic market in the process of internationalization of its companies. Intense Spanish investment of the latter years of the last century, very polarized towards the liberalized and privatized public services, will give way starting from 2000 to a process of investment of smaller volume but of greater diversity of activities that develop the businesses. Today, the large companies of the Spanish Ibex are well accompanied in Brazil by a large number of medium and small companies that believe in the country and have arrived to stay.

Antonio Moreno Rosa

El Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Cabra es el museo local más antiguo de la provincia de Córdoba, autorizado en el año 1973 por el Ministerio de Cultura. Desde esa fecha, aunque ha mantenido su sede en la Casa de la Cultura, ha sufrido varias reformas, la última culminó el 28 de febrero de 2015. Su recorrido expositivo está centrado en las fases cronológicas más importantes de la comarca de Cabra, desde la prehistoria a la Edad Moderna, con especial interés en la ocupación humana de la ciudad, desde el oppidum ibérico de Igabrum a Madinat Qabra. El Museo mantiene una línea de investigación con el objetivo de proteger y divulgar el patrimonio arqueológico del término municipal, actualmente se está trabajando en la puesta en valor del recinto de Época Ibérica del Cerro de la Merced y en la necrópolis de la Edad del Cobre de La Beleña.

Alexandru MALACENCO

<p>O incursiune sumară în tematica cercetării atestă că în anii celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial activitatea serviciilor speciale ale URSS, ca instrument coercitiv al puterii politice, era determinată „în funcție de acțiunea <em>ofensivă</em> sau <em>defensivă</em><em> </em>a trupelor sovietice. Apariția NKGB-ului sovietic – structură menită să lupte cu dușmanii statului/regimului sovietic – se producea ori de câte ori armata sovietică urma să se lanseze în ofensivă, scopul fiind, desigur, „purificarea” de ele­mente ostile a teritoriului” recucerit, ce constituia o etapă inerentă în procesul (re)sovietizării acestor spații.</p><p>Istoria celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial arată că acolo unde călca Armata Roșie se impunea și regimul comunist. <em>Grosso modo</em>, URSS în anii războiului opera cu mai multe armate pe câmpul de luptă în misiunea de „eliberare” a țărilor din Europa: Armata Roșie, care lupta pe frontul militar și Armata de trupe speciale, care lupta pe frontul invizibil.</p><p>Așadar, la sfârșitul lunii martie 1944, trupele Armatei Roșii au reușit să forțeze linia frontului peste Nistru și să reocupe partea de nord a Basarabiei, iar pentru scurt timp orașul Soroca a devenit capitala administrativă a Moldovei sovietice. Odată cu trupele sovietice, în nordul Basarabiei au revenit și structurile de securitate ale URSS. Printre primele instituții sovietice care s-au stabilit inițial cu sediulla Sorocaa fost Comisariatul Poporului pentru Securitatea Statului – NKGB. În fruntea NKGB-ului din RSSM a fost numit ucraineanul Iosif Mordoveț (1944-1955), care a avut ca obiectiv reorganizarea aparatului de securitate pe teritoriul Basarabiei reocupate, fapt ce a determinat soarta acestui spațiu aproximativ pentru jumătate de secol înainte.</p><p><strong>SOVIET NKGB ON THE INVISIBLE FRONT IN BASARABIA, MARCH - JUNE 1944</strong></p><p>A short insight into the subject of this study highlights that in the period of the Second World War the activity of the USSRsecret services, as a political power coercive tool, was governed by “the <em>offensive </em>or <em>defensive</em> phase of the Soviet troops. Establishment of the soviet NKGB – organization whose general objective was fighting state/Soviet regime enemies – occurred every time that Soviet army was to initiate offensive operations, aiming, of course, to “purify” the reconquered territory from hostile elements”. This was an inevitable phase in the territories (re)sovietisation.</p><p>The history of the Second World War attests that in the territories were the Red Army stepped the communist regime was established. <em>Grosso modo</em>, during the War, aiming to liberate European countries, theUSSR was operating with several armies in the battlefield: the Red Army that was fighting on the military front and the special troops that were battling on the invisible front.</p><p>Thus, at the end of March 1944, the Red Army managed to force the front line over theDniesterRiverand to reoccupy theNorth Bessarabia. For a short period of time Soroca was settled up as the administrative capital of the Soviet Moldova. Together with Soviet troops, theUSSRsecurity structures also returned in the territory. National Commissariat for State Security – NKGB, was one of the first Soviet institutions that were based in Soroca. The head of the MSSR’ NKGB was nominated the Ukrainian national Iosif Mordoveț (1944-1955). His goal was to reorganize the security apparatus within the reoccupiedBessarabiaterritory, fact that determined the faith oh this region for more than half of century ahead.</p>