Hasil untuk "Environmental protection"

Aleksandra Krasilnikova, Michele Di Iorio, Emanuele Antenucci et al.

The current study aimed to compare the effects of decreasing osmolality in glucose-based extenders containing methanol alone versus a methanol-ethylene glycol combination on the post-thaw motility of Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo cettii) spermatozoa. Milt was collected from mature males in the Biferno River, Southern Italy, and cryopreserved using a control cryomedium (150 mM glucose with 7.5% methanol) and experimental variants with reduced glucose (100 mM, 50 mM) paired with methanol alone or combined with 2.5% ethylene glycol. Samples were cryopreserved in 0.25 mL straws with a final sperm concentration of 3.0 × 109 spermatozoa/mL, corresponding to 750 × 106 spermatozoa/straw. Sperm motility and kinematic parameters of Mediterranean brown trout were assessed for fresh sperm and post-thaw samples cryopreserved in various cryomedia. Fresh sperm exhibited robust motility (89.0 ± 8.4%) and curvilinear velocity (VCL, 121.2 ± 22.4 µm/s), while the control cryomedium preserved motility at 65.9 ± 12.9% and VCL at 117.6 ± 26.1 µm/s; the experimental 100 mM glucose with 7.5% methanol and 2.5% ethylene glycol treatment yielded comparable motility (65.6 ± 11.6%) but reduced VCL (81.5 ± 16.1 µm/s, p < 0.05). Other treatments showed diminished efficacy, particularly at 50 mM glucose. These findings reveal that a hypotonic extender with methanol-ethylene glycol synergy sustains motility after cryopreservation despite lower glucose levels, demonstrating that the osmotic threshold of extender can be lowered to 100 mOsm/kg without compromising salmonid sperm function. This approach offers a practical tool for conserving S. cettii, supporting broader restoration efforts amid escalating environmental pressures.

Azam Amiri, Ali R. Bandani

While stress impacts fitness negatively, this study reveals a valuable behavior in Callosobruchus maculatus. This study explored the effects of intermittent and continuous cold stress on insect longevity, fecundity, hatch rate, and mating behavior while concurrently investigating the potential advantages of mating access during stressful conditions. We demonstrate that mating immediately after cold stress enhances survival and reproductive success and suggests a novel mechanism for stress resilience. Short-term sexual separation during either stressor type had detrimental long-term consequences on reproductive output. Cold exposure significantly reduced the lifespan for both male and female insects when the sexes were separated. Conversely, cohabitation during stress enhanced stress tolerance and preserved lifespan for both sexes. Adult emergence rates were significantly lower in the cold exposure group with sex separation compared to the group without separation. Callosobruchus maculatus appears to have developed a coping mechanism for stress involving rapid mating. Almost all (92.5 %) insects exposed to intermittent cold conditions mated within a short 10-min period after the cold exposure. Control gave 80 % mating, resulting in only a 12.5 % increase in mating success after cold treatment. Considering the established link between mating and the production of stress-resistant compounds, we hypothesize mating could help this species cope with and recover from stressful environments.

Yongfu Wu, Yuan Meng, Han Zhang et al.

Abstract During the first two decades of the 21st century, the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in urban atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in China significantly increased. By combining data from more than 6,695 individual samples covering 89 typical cities (population > 0.5 million people) across China, this study focuses on evaluating the health risks to urban residents and the ecological risks to the surrounding environment from PAHs in PM using the methods of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and sediment quality standards. The PAH contents and contamination levels in Central China (CC) were lower than those in South China (SC) and North China (NC). NC exhibited the most severe PAH pollution and greatest ecological risk, while CC had the highest population density and gross domestic product. The incremental lifetime cancer risk and hazard index values for people in NC were greater than those for people in CC and SC, and the health risk increased with increasing latitude. Based on ecological risk criteria and standard assessment methods, PAHs in PM in China pose a potential ecological risk, and the risk of harmful biological effects follows the order of NC > CC > SC. Given the significant risks of PAHs to people, animals and plants at both the national and global scales, under the guidance of the One Health concept of the World Health Organization, it is necessary to comprehensively manage PAHs in PM and reduce their threats to humans and ecosystems.

Xinyu ZHANG, Yingjie ZHANG

ObjectiveAt this stage, Beijing’s urban development has entered an era of stock renewal, and urban landscaping has also shifted from “incremental expansion” to “stock quality improvement”. In this context, the concept of the capital as a “Garden City” has emerged. It is a new idea and strategy for the high-quality development of the capital, pointing out the direction for Beijing to build itself into a “world-class, harmonious and livable capital”. To better achieve the goal of “building the capital into a large garden”, Beijing has, based on its green resource endowments, designated 15 essence areas for Garden City building. The “Xiaoxishan – Three Hills and Five Gardens” area is one of the 15 essence areas designated in Beijing. With the continuous deepening of the “government affairs guarantee function” in recent years, the “Three Hills and Five Gardens” area has entered a new stage of stock optimization. At present, a new round of environmental improvement and upgrading actions is being promoted in this region. How to align with the current requirements for Garden City building and explore pathways for the renewal and quality enhancement of green spaces in the essence areas is of great significance for protecting and inheriting historical and cultural context, optimizing ecosystem service functions, improving the overall environmental quality, and enhancing the attractiveness and vitality of the essence areas.MethodsThis research interprets the content of Garden City building and analyzes the natural and humanistic advantages that make the “Xiaoxishan – Three Hills and Five Gardens” area designated as an essence area. On this basis, this research focuses on three types of green spaces in the essence areas that are closely integrated with recreational functions, namely Yuanwaiyuan, historical gardens, and greenways, and takes them as the research object. Corresponding strategies for renewal and quality improvement are proposed in a problem-oriented manner from three aspects: overall planning of the area, meticulous shaping of nodes, and linear connectivity.ResultsBy implementing the spatial coordination strategies of “overall area planning, meticulous node shaping, and linear connection”, the research aims to enhance the quality and efficiency of regional green spaces in essence areas. The objective of overall area planning is to achieve the integration and optimization of the Yuanwaiyuan area. It primarily adopts the following four strategies. 1) Shape landscape characters in different areas according to their respective landscape characteristics. 2) Dig deep into historical and cultural information in light of the current site conditions by methods of reproducing historical features and marking historical memories to realize the expression and presentation of historical cultural information. 3) Proceeding from ecological service functions and the actual usage needs of visitors, implement the “quantity reduction and quality improvement” strategy within green spaces. 4) Improve the recreational functions to enrich visitors’ experience. Meticulous node shaping, aiming at the green rebirth of historic famous gardens, mainly adopts the following three strategies. 1) Take the surrounding environment of historic gardens as an integral part of the green base of the “Three Hills and Five Gardens”, and ensure that such surrounding environment is consistent with the overall landscape of the “Three Hills and Five Gardens” in terms of spatial pattern and landscape style. 2) Enhance the quality of the historic gardens themselves. 3) Promote the activation and utilization of historic gardens to realize the transformation from a single “garden scene” to multiple “scenes”. The goal of linear connection is to energize greenway networks, and it primarily adopts the following three strategies. 1) Upgrade and enhance existing greenways. 2) Establish a greenway network system. 3) Create distinctive brand travel routes.ConclusionThe development of green space in the “Xiaoxishan – Three Hills and Five Gardens” essence area needs to break the traditional concept of “garden” and regard different types of green spaces as organic components of the green base. By establishing a three-level spatial strategy system of “surface-point-line”, we can promote the transformation of project practice from the mindset of “protection and development of a single garden” to “integration and optimization of regional green spaces”, thus enhancing regional landscape quality and cultural value to foster the synergistic coexistence of historic preservation and contemporary urban development.

Carlotta L. E. D. Wilke, Reiner Gschwendtner, Volker Linnemann

Abstract The increasing prevalence of anthropogenic trace substances and organic micropollutants in wastewater necessitates advanced treatment stages in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to effectively remove these pollutants. Ozonation has proven to be an effective method for this purpose but poses the risk of generating toxic by-products like bromate, especially when treating bromide-containing wastewater at high ozone dosages. Bromate is classified as a possible human carcinogen (IARC Group 2B) and presents both acute and chronic health risks, along with various ecotoxic effects. With the new European Union Urban Wastewater Directive (2024/3019) mandating advanced treatment for micropollutant removal, the occurrence and monitoring of bromate will gain increasing relevance. Although no threshold value for bromate in wastewater has yet been established, the proposed environmental quality standard indicates ongoing regulatory efforts, resulting in the need to monitor bromate concentrations in WWTPs effluents to safeguard public health and the environment. This review systematically examines the toxicological and ecological relevance of bromate and evaluates existing analytical approaches for its detection in wastewater. Methods developed for drinking and surface waters, such as ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity (CD) or post-column reaction and ultraviolet detection (PCR-UV), as well as mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, have been applied to wastewater matrices with varying levels of success. Reported quantification limits range from 70 µg/L using IC-CD to as low as 0.1 µg/L using IC-MS/MS. Wastewater presents a significantly more complex matrix than drinking water, introducing interferences from dissolved organic matter, anions, and fluctuating compositions. These challenges reduce accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of results. However, none of these methods have been standardized by ISO, ASTM, or CEN or validated through interlaboratory trials for wastewater analysis. Among the evaluated methods, IC-PCR-UV as well as IC-MS-based approaches appear most suitable to provide the required sensitivity and robustness. Developing a harmonized methodology tailored to wastewater matrices is essential for regulatory compliance, environmental protection, and safeguarding public health.

Inès Gharbi, Md. Hasanur Rahman, Muryani Muryani et al.

Abstract We examine the case of Tunisia to empirically assess the impact of financial development, renewable energies, tourism, capital formation, and industrialization on environmental protection from 1988 to 2021. Given the heterogeneity between countries in terms of environmental conditions, energy consumption and production, and infrastructure, the results may be distinct from the previous studies. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the findings show that tourism and industrialization increase carbon emissions, whereas financial development, renewable energy, and capital formation lower them. One percent increase in renewable energy helps reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.80% in the long run and 0.57% in the short run. The rate of adjustment towards equilibrium was 0.48%. Other methods, including Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR), confirm the accuracy of our results. These findings provide policymakers in Tunisia and other countries with similar contexts with a solid basis for designing programs to improve environmental protection.

En-Hsuan Lu, Lucie C. Ford, Zunwei Chen et al.

Linus Mabughi Nyiwul

Using open source and official documents, we documented and analyzed changes in environmental regulations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We accumulated 71 such regulatory changes across 29 countries, spanning several environmental sectors, between March and July 2020. The objective of our analysis is to characterize trends, impacts and implications of regulatory changes adopted in response to COVID-19. Our analysis contributes to understanding the types and nature of changes that the pandemic may induce in environmental policy through behavioral changes and resource use. Examination of the data shows that countries around the globe largely pursued rollbacks and enforcement relief in response to COVID-19. However, developing countries in our data were more likely to tighten environmental regulations compared to developed economies, where steps towards deregulation dominated regulatory changes. The data also shows that actions in the energy sector were geared toward deregulation. Air quality and biodiversity regulations were rolled back in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, despite rising concerns about the links between the coronavirus and pollution, wildlife, and habitat destruction. It can be concluded that the nature and type of changes in environmental regulations across countries in response to COVID-19 depended on a country’s economic development status and that the degree of regulatory changes across different sectors was driven by the differences in the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.

A. Donner, P. Töchterle, C. Spötl et al.

<p>The investigation of cryogenic cave minerals (CCMs) has developed in recent decades to be a particularly valuable proxy for palaeo-permafrost reconstruction. Due to difficulties, however, in obtaining reliable chronologies with the so-called “fine” form of these minerals, such studies have thus far utilised the “coarse” form. In this study, we successfully investigate the northernmost-known deposit of fine-grained CCMs, which are situated in Cove Cave (Greenlandic translation: Eqik Qaarusussuaq), a low-elevation permafrost cave in northeastern Greenland (80<span class="inline-formula">^∘</span> N). The Cove Cave CCMs display a complex mineralogy that consists of fine-grained cryogenic cave carbonates and sulfate minerals (gypsum, eugsterite, mirabilite, and löweite). Until now, previous attempts to date fine-grained CCMs have been unsuccessful; however, here we demonstrate that precise dating is possible with both isochron-based <span class="inline-formula">²³⁰</span>Th <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mo>/</mo></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e653eaf840568ee76bb20ba3bf368ae0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-19-1607-2023-ie00001.svg" width="8pt" height="14pt" src="cp-19-1607-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> U dating and <span class="inline-formula">¹⁴</span>C dating if the dead carbon fraction is reliably known.</p> <p>The dating result (<span class="inline-formula">65±17</span> a BP; <span class="inline-formula">1885±17</span> CE) shows that the Cove Cave CCMs formed during the late Little Ice Age, a time interval characterised by cold temperatures and abundant permafrost in northeastern Greenland, making water infiltration into Cove Cave dependent on the water amount and latent heat. We relate the CCM formation to a combination of black carbon deposition and anomalously high temperatures, which led to widespread melting over large areas of the Greenland ice sheet in the course of a few days. We propose that the anomalous weather conditions of 1889 CE also affected northeastern Greenland, where the enhanced melting of a local ice cap resulted in water entering the cave and rapidly freezing. While calcite and gypsum likely precipitated concurrently with freezing, the origin of the other sulfate minerals might not be purely cryogenic but could be linked to the subsequent sublimation of this ice accumulation in a very dry cave environment.</p>

Cheng-long Zhang, Cheng-long Zhang, Jihu Zhang et al.

Extreme environmental conditions are a major challenge for livestock production. Changes in climate conditions, especially those that lead to extreme weather, can reduce livestock production. The screening of genes and molecular markers is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism of sheep prolificacy traits in Taklimakan Desert environment. We selected healthy adult Pishan Red Sheep (PRS) and Qira Black Sheep (QR) which live in Taklimakan Desert environment, collected blood from jugular vein, extracted DNA, and prepared Illumina Ovine SNP50 chip. For PRS, linkage disequilibrium (LD) was calculated using the ovine SNP50 Beadchip and the effective population size (Ne) was estimated using SMC++. The genetic characteristics of PRS were analyzed by integrated haplotype score (iHS) and fixation index (FST). The result showed that r2 of PRS was 0.233 ± 0.280 in the range of 0–10 Kb and decreased with increasing distances. SMC++ tested that the Ne of PRS remained at 236.99 in recent generations. 184 genes were screened out under iHS 1% threshold, and 1148 genes were screened out with FST under the 5% threshold, and 29 genes were obtained from the intersection of the two gene sets. In this study, the genetic characteristics of PRS and QR were compared by ovine genome chip, and the related excellent genes were searched, providing reference for the protection of sheep germplasm resources and molecular breeding in a desert environment.

Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć, Urszula Wydro, Elżbieta Wołejko et al.

An increasing level of pesticide exposition is being observed as a result of the consumption of large amounts of fruits, vegetables and grain products, which are key components of the vegetarian diet. Fungicides have been classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds, but their mechanisms of action have not yet been clarified. The effect of boscalid (B), cyprodinil (C) and iprodione (I) combined with Tamoxifen (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on cell viability, cell proliferation, reporter gene expression, ROS content, the cell membrane’s function, cell morphology and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in MCF-7 and T47D-KBluc cell lines were investigated. The cell lines were chosen due to their response to 17β -estradiol. The selected fungicides are commonly used in Poland to protect crops against fungi. Our results revealed that the studied fungicides caused significant increases in cell viability and proliferation, and estrogenic activity was present in all studied compounds depending on their concentrations. Oxidative stress activated uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation by inducing ROS production and by inhibiting antioxidant defense. Our findings verify that the studied fungicides could possibly exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties and exposure should be avoided.

Nina M. Baranova, Daria S. Loginova

In 2015, the UN Member States took 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Innovative development and environmental protection played a significant role in them. The solution to this problem directly depends on the environmental programs adopted at the state level, competent management, development of environmental innovations and their introduction. This article considers how sustainable development programs at the oil and gas enterprises are implemented to preserve the environment on the example of PJSC Gazprom. PJSC Gazprom, following the principles of sustainable development, combines economic growth and environment preservation. In 1995, PJSC Gazprom adopted an ecological program and gradually solves the environmental problems of the corporation, country and the world. Therefore, the study of some indicators of oil and gas enterprises affecting Russian environmental ecology, on the example of Gazprom Corporation, is relevant. The proceedings of Russian and foreign scientists were analyzed; UNDP’s annual and environmental reports for 2018-2022 were studied; leading Russian oil and gas companies for 2009-2021 and their environmental activities were analyzed to conduct the study. The calculations were carried out using Rosstat (2009-2021), World Bank (2009-2021), PJSC Gazprom (2009-2021). The regression analysis and econometric modeling were carried out through MS Excel and Eviews 12. The linear and exponential models of the innovative component in the environmental protection system were built and studied. It was proved the linear model can be used to build short-term forecasts, while the exponential model turned out to be untenable. PJSC Gazprom invested 658,284 billion rubles in environmental protection and rational use of natural resources, 139,1 billion rubles in RD from 2009 to 2021. In 2021, PJSC Gazprom fulfilled all of its innovative and environmental objectives and approved Environmental Program until 2024 with an outlook for 2030. The company’s contribution to the implementation of the UN sustainable development goals and objectives amounted to 89,9 %.

R. Brázdil, R. Brázdil, P. Zahradník et al.

<p>Based on documentary evidence, a chronology of bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic from 1781 to 1963 CE was created, continuing from 1964 through 2021 by bark beetle salvage felling data. The spatial distribution of bark beetle events concentrates on the border mountains of Bohemia and in the northern parts of Moravia and Silesia. The temporal distribution of the most important bark beetle outbreaks is concentrated in the 1830s, 1870s, 1940s–1950s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. Each of these notable calamities was analysed in detail with respect to their spatial extent, the volume of damaged wood, and their meteorological patterns. While meteorological triggers of the largest outbreaks of the 19th century were attributed especially to the slow procession of disastrous volumes of damaged wood after large windstorm events sometimes intensified by dying trees in subsequent dry years, the recent warming with relatively stable precipitation from the 1980s moves the main meteorological and climatological triggers to more frequent warm and dry meteorological patterns, acting simultaneously in interaction with severe windstorms. The last bark beetle outbreak from 2015 was evaluated as the most disastrous disturbance to spruce forest over the territory of the Czech Republic in documented history. The paper also discusses uncertainties in bark beetle data, responses to past bark beetle events, and relationships between environment, climate, and bark beetle outbreaks.</p>

Maria Letizia Manca, Maria Ferraro, Elisabetta Pace et al.

In this work beclomethasone dipropionate was loaded into liposomes and hyalurosomes modified with mucin to improve the ability of the payload to counteract the oxidative stress and involved damages caused by cigarette smoke in the airway. The vesicles were prepared by dispersing all components in the appropriate vehicle and sonicating them, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents. Unilamellar and bilamellar vesicles small in size (~117 nm), homogeneously dispersed (polydispersity index lower than 0.22) and negatively charged (~−11 mV), were obtained. Moreover, these vesicle dispersions were stable for five months at room temperature (~25 °C). In vitro studies performed using the Next Generation Impactor confirmed the suitability of the formulations to be nebulized as they were capable of reaching the last stages of the impactor that mimic the deeper airways, thus improving the deposition of beclomethasone in the target site. Further, biocompatibility studies performed by using 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells confirmed the high biocompatibility and safety of all the vesicles. Among the tested formulations, only mucin-hyalurosomes were capable of effectively counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that this formulation may represent a promising tool to reduce the damaging effects of cigarette smoke in the lung tissues, thus reducing the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-associated diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and cancer.

Yiyi Li, Haochun Zhang, Zhen Zhang et al.

TO (transformation optics)-based transformation thermotics offers an advanced way to design the propagation path of heat flux at will, which is valuable for the regulation and utilization of thermal energy. Thermal concentrator as one of the typical representatives has great application potential in fuel cells, solar thermal collectors, heat storages, and other energy related devices due to its advantageous functionality and efficiency. However, most existing TO-based thermal concentrators only perform the same thermal rectification effect in different environments, which is limited in industrial applications and insufficient to meet diverse requirements. In this work, based on the improved temperature-dependent transformation thermotics theory and taking thermal protection issue into account, we designed an intelligent thermal concentrator, which can spontaneously exhibit different working states corresponding to different environmental conditions; investigation and optimization of structural sensitivity were also carried out toward two impact factors. In addition, the proposed model was theoretically realized referring to wedge-like shaped materials, and two thermal control apparatus were enumerated as extensions of current work. The proposed intelligent thermal concentrator possessing nonlinear characteristic as well as active functionality can provide reference for energy collection equipment in industrial application, and the revealed methodology can be expanded to design other types of TO-based devices in thermal even multi-physical field.

Haneen A. Khudhair, Rand R. Ahmed, Rim H. Hussein et al.

The present study was conducted for eight wells that are distributed in A’alam subdistrict in Salah al-Din province to assess the groundwater quality in this area. Water samples from these wells were taken during three months periods, one sample per month. Some physical and chemical properties of the water samples were tested by conducting on-site and laboratory tests. The water temperatures of the wells were recorded to assess its relationship with many properties of the water, including basal. The results indicated that the water of the studied wells was warm during the study period, and its temperature range was (19-24) ° C. The pH was measured and also its values were in the range (7.44-8.4). The values of total dissolved solids exceeded the permissible limits, with a minimum value of (1930) mg/L which is higher than the permissible limit in the drinking water relating to the Iraqi standard and the specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), (1000) mg/L. This increase led to a significant increase in the electrical conductivity values, which reached its lowest recorded value of (3940) microsmins/cm, which is above the permissible limit (1500) microsmins/cm. The concentration of chloride ion, which is in the range (482.7-1053) mg/L and sulfur ions, which recorded its lowest value (411) mg/L, and also this exceeded the permissible limits for both ions (250) mg/L according to the Iraqi standard and WHO standards. The study covered all the studied wells water, and its depth are found in the range (80-160) meters, which is very hard water, with a concentration of (180) mg/L. The results indicate that the water was permanently exposed to pollution and is far from optimal for most of the time. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to produce spatial maps of the study area showing the distribution of the characteristics studied, thus providing a future database for the region, which could be used to diagnose pollution wherever it would be found.

Min. of Environmental Protection of PRC

Pranas Baltrėnas, Edita Baltrėnaitė

Rong Wan, De-quan Kong, Li-xin Zhang

The cave dwelling, as one of the most typical and traditional characteristic local housing styles in the loess area of Northwest China, has been adopted widely in many areas since ancient times. The construction of the cave dwellings supports environmental protection, makes use of innovative construction technology, and preserves historical cultural heritage. The cave dwellings have practical significance and play an important role in the current society. Although there are many natural advantages to use cave dwellings, they also pose many problems, such as high moisture, inadequate lighting, poor ventilation, insufficient strength, and so on. The most serious problem is related to moisture, which affects the comfort, security, and safety of the residents; it needs to be addressed. The authors propose to resolve this problem by developing a method of building a damp-proof course in the bottom of these cave dwellings. Meanwhile, specified experiments were carried out to validate the feasibility of this method. The results show that the method is reasonable and practical, and it can be implemented easily and conveniently in the future. This research has significant practical value; the results can improve people’s living environment and increase comfort and safety of cave dwelling.

Zhang Ping Qing, Wang Yang

At present, the protection of the ecological environment and the promotion of green building has been recognized and widely promoted.With the rapid development of the construction industry, Architecture design will inevitably require the resentation of its unique form and charm to reflect the ecological concept and ecological culture, because of the unique nature of the art and the particularity of the environment. To establish the ecological concept of green building design and vigorously develop the green green building has a complementary role to alleviate the pressure on resources,and to speed up the eco city planning design, and to realize the sustainable development of the city, and to protect the urban ecological environmental.