Judit Pécsinger, Gergely Zoltán Macher, Dalma Bódizs
et al.
Climate resilience in urban areas is increasingly critical in the face of climate change, particularly in regions where climate variability poses significant challenges. This study introduces the Climate Resilience Index for Town Sustainability, a novel, multidimensional framework designed to evaluate the resilience of 19 Hungarian cities, including Budapest and county capitals. The framework incorporates 41 parameters across environmental, social, and infrastructural dimensions, addressing significant gaps in existing resilience assessments by providing a region-specific, holistic evaluation. The research employs advanced statistical techniques, including principal component analysis and k-means clustering, to analyze the data sourced from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and the National Adaptation Geo-Information System. This analysis revealed substantial variability in resilience scores among Hungarian county capitals, with Békéscsaba achieving the highest scores due to its extensive green infrastructure, renewable energy adoption, and lower proportion of vulnerable populations. In contrast, Budapest recorded one of the lowest scores, highlighting challenges such as limited green spaces, high population density, and elevated energy consumption. Clustering analysis grouped the cities into eight distinct categories, emphasizing the role of geographic and climatic factors in shaping urban resilience. The findings demonstrate the critical importance of targeted interventions, such as expanding green infrastructure, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing sustainable practices. By offering actionable insights for policymakers, this index not only advances resilience research but also provides a replicable framework adaptable to other regions. Its innovative approach to integrating multidimensional parameters represents a significant contribution to the understanding and improvement of urban climate resilience in a changing world.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological provisions and develop practical recommendations for improving the evaluation of the implementation of strategies for the social and economic development of territorial communities in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development. To evaluate the implementation of strategies for the social and economic development of territorial communities, the author proposes to use the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as an effective economic tool for strategic planning by setting strategic goals in selected blocks using selected target indicators, both financial and non-financial. The article proposes, in the context of achieving the sustainable development goals, to form the following BSC blocks for territorial communities: financing, service providers, service consumers, environment, and cooperation, which have their own characteristics and differ significantly from the four blocks of enterprises: internal processes, finance, training and growth (personnel), and customers interacting with each other. At the same time, the indicators selected for assessing these blocks have appropriate interrelationships and provide the necessary analytical information to achieve the strategic goals of the communities. To ensure the effectiveness of the assessment of the implementation of strategies for the social and economic development of territorial communities, the BSC system was systematized, and a matrix of correspondence between strategic directions and goals for the Broshniv-Osad Territorial community and the BSC was created. This helps to structure information about the selected strategic guidelines of the community and facilitates the further selection of key BSC indicators, which made it possible to link the strategic goals of the territorial community with the BSC blocks and the identified targets in order to choose a reasonable solution in the context of successful achievement of the goals of sustainable development not only of a separate territorial community but also of the country as a whole.
At a time of climate change, sea level rise, flooding, drought, and changing groundwater and rainwater patterns, water managers need to adjust their current practices and develop new approaches. Technological innovation remains a key element in adaptation and mitigation; but technological innovation is not enough. Changing water patterns will affect everyone and every structure. How we manage water depends on local conditions, spatial and social developments and cultures as well as decisions of the past. That is why water management needs to go hand in hand with sustainable practices that are connected to the context of specific places, social systems and cultures and their changes over time.
Sustainable development also requires recognizing the long-term impact of buildings and human-made structures. They may have been erected in the past for specific purposes and functions that have disappeared or are no longer welcome, yet the buildings and landscapes still exist. Sometimes they are valued cultural heritage; sometimes they are considered a nuisance, standing in the way of future development. Finally, water managers and other decision-makers may need new tools and methodologies for a holistic approach to sustainable development, which accounts for local particularities, achieves buy-in from society at large, and acknowledges historic path dependencies. As a first step toward such an approach, this chapter reflects on the UN Sustainable Development Goals through the lens of water and culture.
To understand the complex relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions, this study measures the urbanization level and land-use carbon emissions of 19 counties and districts in Ningxia from 2009 to 2019 using the integrated index method and carbon emission model, respectively, and explores the coupling relationship based on the coupling coordination degree model, to provide theoretical support for low-carbon urbanization and carbon emission reduction planning in Ningxia. The research results showed that the comprehensive evaluation index of the Ningxia urbanization system shows a linear increasing trend with an average annual growth of 1.6%, but the overall level is low, and the overall spatial pattern being high in the North and low in the South is shown. The dominant type of urbanization is population and economic urbanization. The average annual growth rate of net carbon emissions from land use in Ningxia is 4.75 106t/a. Spatially, it is characterized by higher levels in cities in the North along the Yellow River Ecological and Economic Zone and lower levels in the central arid zone and southern mountainous areas. The coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of Ningxia urbanization and land use carbon emissions show a fluctuating upward trend but belong to a low level of mutual constraints, i.e., the low level of development of Ningxia urbanization, backward industries, and low energy utilization lead to the growth of carbon emissions in Ningxia and restrict the development of urbanization. The government should take into account the regional differences when formulating carbon emission reduction policies to maintain appropriate population size, optimize the economic structure, and improve the land use efficiency.
This paper proposes new tests for financing constraints on R&D investment by directly examining the role played by working capital in smoothing the R&D expenditures of firms listed on the Tel Aviv stock exchange. It emphasizes the importance of working capital, not only for use but also as a source of funds. The findings offer new evidence for why levels of liquidity are important for R&D-intensive firms. Working capital alleviates the effects of transient finance shocks on the level of R&D, thereby averting the high adjustment costs that accompany changes in R&D.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economic history and conditions
<p class="E-JOURNALAbstractBody"><em>Manajemen resiko adalah konsep yang menawarkan bahwa seluruh portfolio resiko perusahaan secara terpadu dan holistik, dengan demikian mitigasi risiko bisa sejak dini dan komprehensif. Dampak penerapan manajemen resiko adalah meningkatkan nilai perusahaan dan mewujudkan tata kelola yang baik termasuk keputusan investasi. Perusahaan dikategorikan berinvestasi secara efisien apabila melakukan proyek dengan net present value (NPV) yang positif dan tidak terdapat permasalahan di pasar terkait moral hazard dan biaya keagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mennganalisis hubungan penerapan manajemen resiko BUMN di Indonesia terhadap efisiensi investasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitaif menggunakan regresi linier. Data yang digunakan adalah data laporan keuangan perusahaan BUMN non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2013-2018. Dari hasil olahan data penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa perusahaan penerapan manajemen resiko pada BUMN non keuangan di Indonesia tahun 2013-2018 berpengaruh signifikan pada efisiensi investasi. </em></p>
Abstract Background As a response to collective failure to move adequately towards sustainability, youth movements have grown. This article explores the experiences of one young climate activist, Elsie Luna. The article is the product of conversations between the co-authors, augmented by written material by Elsie Luna. The article seeks to avoid adultism, that is, the power that adults have over children; hence it is written principally using Elsie’s own words, with minimal translation or interpretation. The article reflects on three key recent events in Elsie Luna’s activism: her approach to the London headquarters of several oil companies; her ‘dying’ symbolically at the BBC in Berlin; and her recent involvement in the large Extinction Rebellion actions in London. Findings The article suggests that these events offer insights on learning. Specifically, she is formulating views on sustainability, on system change and associated strategies, and developing a moral position on these matters. She has learned socially, from family and other immediate influences, and from activism. Thus, further, she has learned from experience, but has done so in her own self-managed way.
Stephen Chong, Rutger Hoekstra, Oscar Lemmers
et al.
Abstract Firm size is increasingly acknowledged as an important factor for (macro-)economic policy. It is known that the overall importance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is different relative to large multinationals in terms of their impact on economic growth, exports and innovation. Yet empirical evidence to substantiate the role of firms of different sizes is rare. To tackle this problem, we develop a novel approach by extending the Dutch supply–use framework to firm size. We utilize firm-level data to construct a purpose-built supply–use table distinguishing between SMEs and large enterprises and derive an extended input–output table. In doing so, we adopt a more evolved definition of SMEs, accounting for the fact that small firms may be subsidiaries of large (multinational) enterprise groups. The analysis shows that due to their function as suppliers, SMEs benefit much more from Dutch exports to foreign markets than the traditional export figures show. SMEs are less dependent on imports than large enterprises. This might be detrimental to the competitiveness of SMEs if they do not fully appreciate the benefits of sourcing internationally in terms of cheaper or higher quality inputs. The paper shows the policy relevance of macroeconomic statistics which distinguish firm size.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economics as a science
This study investigates how and when general self-efficacy is related to entrepreneurial intentions. We propose that entrepreneurial outcome expectations function as a mediator in this relationship, while subjective norms act as a moderator. Using a sample of 1052 students from U.S. Public Universities, we tested a moderated mediation model. Results showed that general self-efficacy is positively related to entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating effect of entrepreneurial outcome expectations, and that this relationship is significantly positive for individuals with favourable subjective norms towards entrepreneurship, while significantly negative for individuals with less favourable subjective norms. These findings contribute to literatures on entrepreneurial intentions.
Keywords: entrepreneurial intentions, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial outcome expectations, subjective norms
JEMILUYI Olofunmilayo Olayemi, DADA James Temitope
This study examines the role of education in the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and market size in sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2015 using a panel of 30 countries. Market size is proxy by gross domestic product and population while two variables are used to measure education; primary school enrolment and secondary school enrolment. Difference Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) is used as the estimation technique. The result shows that education and market size have positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment. The interactive effect of market size (population and gross domestic product) and education (both primary and secondary school enrolment) has positive effect on foreign direct investment. The study concludes that policy maker in the region should focus more on the quality of education rather than quantity of education.
Se presenta una reflexión acerca del área de conocimiento a la que pertenece la Contabilidad, afirmando que debe ser considerada de una jerarquía superior a la de una simple herramienta administrativa, ya que trata de conocer y explicar la realidad económica a través de modelos. Se analiza su evolución y su diferencia con la contabilidad gerencial. Se concluye que la Contabilidad es una disciplina que requiere la presencia de un agudo sentido crítico y una profunda capacidad reflexiva y que, por otra parte, ofrece un vasto campo a la investigación que apunte a la creación de nuevos modelos, cada vez más representativos de la verdadera naturaleza de los fenómenos económicos.
Labor. Work. Working class, Economic growth, development, planning
In many developing countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is expected to accelerate economic development. For that reason, both host country and home country try to simulate the flow of FDI. The purpose of this article is to examine whether FDI affects to economic growth in east Asian or not.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
As noções de heterogeneidade, fragmentação, simultaneidade e hibridação se acentuam, a cada dia, entre as produções imagísticas. As hipóteses de McLuhan quanto à recuperação da sensibilidade audiotátil, através das novas tecnologias no campo da comunicação, contribuem para o debate do pensamento pós-moderno, e nos ajudam a compreender os recentes processos e configurações visuais, que cada vez mais se opõem aos velhos métodos e instrumentos de análises lineares. A revista californiana Beach Culture se oferece como objeto de reflexão quanto às experimentações aplicadas à mensagem e aos critérios de legibilidade.
Palavras-chave: Novas tecnologias – Pós-modernidade – comunicação gráfica.
Economic growth, development, planning, Social sciences (General)
This article discusses about methods and the importance of minimizing public debt - external and internal debts - for the development of the republic of Cote d’Ivoire. It also details factors which contribute to the growth of the public debt and proposes recommendations for its minimization. In the conclusion it concluded by explaining how the presence of a large amount of public debt led to a lack of resources for the development of the country. At the same time, in my opinion, the program to reduce public debt is yet to efficiently respond to challenges the country faces due to debt burden in order to foster sustainable economic and social development in the country.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economics as a science
La valuación de un proyecto de inversión o de un negocio generalmente se realiza considerando una tasa de actualización ajustada por riesgo que compensa la incertidumbre a la que está expuesto el flujo de fondos. Se suelen usar técnicas con base probabilística o borrosa para reflejar la propagación de la incertidumbre de las variables básicas del negocio con las que se realiza la estimación del flujo de fondos; y también se suele distinguir entre la incertidumbre como variabilidad aleatoria y la imprecisión (o incertidumbre epistémica). En este ensayo se explican las variantes metodológicas para obtener una estimación puntual del valor, o bien una estimación en un intervalo. Se hace especial referencia a las situaciones en que puede determinarse un valor probabilístico o un valor borroso, de un modo que sea
congruente con una valuación que emplea una tasa ajustada por riesgo.
Labor. Work. Working class, Economic growth, development, planning
Selection of the most suitable university among many alternatives is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In this paper, an integrated approach which employs analytic network process (ANP) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) together, is proposed for this problem. By the way, the paper is concerned with criteria influencing student choice in Turkey to establish if there is any need in developing a multi-criteria model for predicting students’ preference for universities. The ANP is used to analyse the structure of the university selection problem and to determine weights of the criteria, and the PROMETHEE method is used to obtain final ranking, and to make a sensitivity analysis by changing the weights for criteria. The results indicate that three factors, future career prospects and opportunities, scholarship and university's social life at the top in the university selection.
First published online: 11 Aug 2014