Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Walter Leal Filho, Barbara Cyrek, Arturo Capasso et al.

Purpose: Integrating sustainability into the information policy of enterprises involves embedding sustainable practices into an organisation's communication strategies, data management, and reporting mechanisms. There is a perceived need for research into how companies integrate sustainability into their information policies. Methodology/approach: Against this background, this paper examines the integration of sustainability into enterprises' information policy, highlighting its significance for contemporary business practices. The increased attention being given to environmental and corporate social responsibility (CSR) means that businesses are becoming more active in incorporating sustainability into their strategic objectives. Findings: This study assesses how enterprises adopt and implement sustainable practices within their information policies, focusing on the mechanisms and frameworks that support this integration. Some approaches used to incorporate sustainability into information policies have been identified by analysing case studies across various industries. Originality/value: The paper concludes by identifying the key factors influencing the successful incorporation of sustainability into information policies, including leadership commitment, stakeholder engagement, and regulatory compliance.

Monika Puchlik, Izabela Sondej, Kamil Bernatowicz et al.

This paper presents the results of a two-year study (2020 and 2021) of physico-chemical parameters of water samples on the example of two rivers of eastern Poland, the Żytkiejmska Struga and the Błędzianka, as well as a preliminary analysis, which are located in an area generally considered to be free of negative industrial influences. Based on the results, 55% of the analysed water samples did not correspond to purity classes I and II (quality below good) compared to previous years. The analysis of our own research shows that the need to include forest habitats in comprehensive studies of surface water quality is essential, as they can play an important role in reducing pollution, stabilising ecosystems and mitigating climate change.

Monika Wodnicka, Agnieszka Krześ

This article aims to identify key research areas related to Industry 5.0 in the context of sustainable development. This was achieved through a bibliometric analysis based on a systematic literature review. The Scopus database was explored. Based on the constructed bibliometric query Q1, 207 scientific publications addressing the indicated issues were identified. Authors' keywords were used for the analysis, based on which bibliometric maps were generated in the VOSviewer software. Based on the literature review and the analysis carried out, potential future research directions were identified in the context of Industry 5.0 and sustainable development. New scientific considerations should focus on greenwashing and skills gap issues. The results presented in the article can inspire researchers looking for research gaps or describing the state of the art in the issues addressed in this article.

Monika Ziółko, Dorota Dziedzic, Maciej Banik et al.

Re-commerce, or the re-trading of clothes, is gaining popularity in the fashion industry, especially among the younger generation Z. The rapid growth of apps such as Vinted and Depop, as well as the increasing number of online and stationary second-hand shops, indicates a change in consumer attitudes towards second-hand clothing shopping. For Generation Z, known for their greater environmental awareness and desire for authenticity, re-commerce is becoming an attractive alternative to fast fashion. The aim of this article is to explore how re-commerce fits into the shopping requirements of generation Z. The article analyses the motivations, attitudes and shopping habits of the younger generation in the context of the second-hand clothing market, and identifies barriers that may influence their consumer decisions. The study used the original author's social research conducted using a diagnostic survey method (CAWI survey questionnaire). The results obtained can contribute to a better understanding of the role of e-commerce in the fashion industry and point to directions for further research on sustainable consumption among the younger generation. The results of the analyses provide new insights into the shopping preferences of generation Z, identifying barriers and motivations of consumers. They address the subject of changing attitudes to consumption among Generation Z representatives, the promotion of a circular economy and changing consumer shopping patterns, as well as the perception of second-hand clothes. However, the research results are limited to a specific, narrow group of respondents (generation Z) and have territorial limitations (respondents from Poland). Nevertheless, they can be used in practice in the marketing strategies of clothing companies, the development of e-commerce platforms and the promotion and education of conscious consumption.

Renata Kubik

The study brings attention to a significant problem: the gap in eco-efficiency between EU countries depending on the date of accession. This study aims to analyse eco-efficiency at the micro-level (farm) between two distinct groups of EU Member States: those that joined before 2004 and after 2004. The survey covered individual commodity farms dealing with field crops. The research used data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network from 2013 to 2020. The study uses input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index. The study concludes that farms in countries that acceded to the EU before 2004 feature a higher eco-efficiency level. On the other hand, farms from the EU Member States that joined the EU at the expansion stage after 2004 have gradually reduced the distance, which is reflected by the increased dynamics of the eco-efficiency index in the period under review.

Urszula Gołaszewska-Kaczan, Julita Augustyńczyk

The transition from a brown to a green economy creates a demand for workers equipped with green competencies. Understanding what these competencies entail and how to develop them is crucial. Higher education institutions should play a pivotal role in educating society, incorporating green practices into university management, and disseminating research findings. This article presents the results of a bibliometric analysis of academic research on green competencies within the context of higher education. Specifically, the study seeks to examine the presence and frequency of publications on this subject, identify the dominant authors, and explore the primary areas of interest among researchers. This objective was achieved through a review of domestic and international literature and a bibliometric analysis conducted using VOSviewer software. The research indicates that this topic is not yet widely represented in the academic literature. However, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of publications in recent years, suggesting growing interest in this area. Furthermore, there is a clear shift from a focus on environmental education towards environmental management and sustainable development issues within higher education institutions.

Sakshi S. Naik, Lavinia M. Ghilardi, Robert B. Parker et al.

Multistage model predictive control (MPC) provides a robust control strategy for dynamic systems with uncertainties and a setpoint tracking objective. Moreover, extending MPC to minimize an economic cost instead of tracking a pre-calculated optimal setpoint improves controller performance. In this paper, we develop a formulation for multistage economic MPC which directly minimizes an economic objective function. The multistage economic MPC framework is extended for systems with a cyclic steady state (CSS) and stability is guaranteed by employing a Lyapunov-based stability constraint. The multistage economic MPC framework is validated on two natural gas network case studies to minimize the net energy consumption during gas transmission. In both instances, the multistage economic MPC effectively manages uncertain demands by preventing constraint violations and guides the network to its optimal cyclic operating conditions. The Lyapunov function remains bounded in both instances, validating the robust stability of the controller.

Carlos J. Costa, Joao Tiago Aparicio

This paper explores artificial intelligence's potential societal and economic impacts (AI) through generating scenarios that assess how AI may influence various sectors. We categorize and analyze key factors affecting AI's integration and adoption by applying an Impact-Uncertainty Matrix. A proposed methodology involves querying academic databases, identifying emerging trends and topics, and categorizing these into an impact uncertainty framework. The paper identifies critical areas where AI may bring significant change and outlines potential future scenarios based on these insights. This research aims to inform policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers on the strategic planning required to address the challenges and opportunities AI presents

Yanhong Lai, Wanying Kang, Jun Yang

On tidally locked lava planets, magma ocean can form on the permanent dayside. The circulation of the magma ocean can be driven by stellar radiation and atmospheric winds. The strength of ocean circulation and the depth of the magma ocean depend on external forcings and the dominant balance of the momentum equation. In this study, we develop scaling laws for the magma ocean depth, oceanic current speed, and ocean heat transport convergence driven by stellar and wind forcings in three different dynamic regimes: non-rotating viscosity-dominant Regime I, non-rotating inviscid limit Regime II, and rotation-dominant Regime III. Scaling laws suggest that magma ocean depth, current speed, and ocean heat transport convergence are controlled by various parameters, including vertical diffusivity/viscosity, substellar temperature, planetary rotation rate, and wind stress. In general, scaling laws predict that magma ocean depth ranges from a few meters to a few hundred meters. For Regime I, results from scaling laws are further confirmed by numerical simulations. Considering the parameters of a typical lava super-Earth, we found that the magma ocean is most likely in the rotation-dominant Regime III.

Thiago C. Silva, Paulo V. B. Wilhelm, Diego R. Amancio

This study examines the effects of de-globalization trends on international trade networks and their role in improving forecasts for economic growth. Using section-level trade data from nearly 200 countries from 2010 to 2022, we identify significant shifts in the network topology driven by rising trade policy uncertainty. Our analysis highlights key global players through centrality rankings, with the United States, China, and Germany maintaining consistent dominance. Using a horse race of supervised regressors, we find that network topology descriptors evaluated from section-specific trade networks substantially enhance the quality of a country's GDP growth forecast. We also find that non-linear models, such as Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM, outperform traditional linear models used in the economics literature. Using SHAP values to interpret these non-linear model's predictions, we find that about half of most important features originate from the network descriptors, underscoring their vital role in refining forecasts. Moreover, this study emphasizes the significance of recent economic performance, population growth, and the primary sector's influence in shaping economic growth predictions, offering novel insights into the intricacies of economic growth forecasting.

Avichai Snir, Dudi Levy, Dian Wang et al.

Many experimental studies report that economics students tend to act more selfishly than students of other disciplines, a finding that received widespread public and professional attention. Two main explanations that the existing literature offers for the differences found in the behavior between economists and noneconomists are the selection effect, and the indoctrination effect. We offer an alternative, novel explanation. We argue that these differences can be explained by differences in the interpretation of the context. We test this hypothesis by conducting two social dilemma experiments in the US and Israel with participants from both economics and non-economics majors. In the experiments, participants face a tradeoff between profit maximization, that is the market norm and workers welfare, that is the social norm. We use priming to manipulate the cues that the participants receive before they make their decision. We find that when participants receive cues signaling that the decision has an economic context, both economics and non-economics students tend to maximize profits. When the participants receive cues emphasizing social norms, on the other hand, both economics and non-economics students are less likely to maximize profits. We conclude that some of the differences found between the decisions of economics and non-economics students can be explained by contextual cues.

Xin Qin, Ioannis Lestas, Bolun Xu

Economic withholding in electricity markets refers to generators bidding higher than their true marginal fuel cost, and is a typical approach to exercising market power. However, existing market designs require storage to design bids strategically based on their own future price predictions, motivating storage to conduct economic withholding without assuming market power. As energy storage takes up more significant roles in wholesale electricity markets, understanding its motivations for economic withholding and the consequent effects on social welfare becomes increasingly vital. This paper derives a theoretical framework to study the economic capacity withholding behavior of storage participating in competitive electricity markets and validate our results in simulations based on the ISO New England system. We demonstrate that storage bids can reach unbounded high levels under conditions where future price predictions show bounded expectations but unbounded deviations. Conversely, in scenarios with peak price limitations, we show the upper bounds of storage bids are grounded in bounded price expectations. Most importantly, we show that storage capacity withholding can potentially lower the overall system cost when price models account for system uncertainties. Our paper reveals energy storage is not a market manipulator but an honest player contributing to the social welfare. It helps electricity market researchers and operators better understand the economic withholding behavior of storage and reform market policies to maximize storage contributing to a cost-efficient decolonization.

Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska

The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between financial efficiency and environmental efficiency in the meat and poultry industry in Poland between 2010-2020. Firstly, the assessment of financial efficiency in the area of profitability was underdone. Secondly, the environmental efficiency in the area of selected environmental policy components was assessed. Based on the results, the author built an econometric model examining the impact of binary variables on individual financial efficiency indicators in the area of profitability. The study consists of theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and graphical transposition of data were used. In the practical part, quantitative methods: ratio financial analysis, ANOVA method, panel econometric modelling, and qualitative methods – case studies, were used. The study shows that for financial efficiency, the values of the net sales profitability ratio are statistically significant. The most important factor for environmental efficiency are consistently implementing transparent environmental policies. The practical implication of the study contributes to financial support for the meat and poultry industry in Poland. The social implication of the study is the urge to implement the principle of sustainable consumption.

Marlon Azinovic, Jan Žemlička

Contemporary deep learning based solution methods used to compute approximate equilibria of high-dimensional dynamic stochastic economic models are often faced with two pain points. The first problem is that the loss function typically encodes a diverse set of equilibrium conditions, such as market clearing and households' or firms' optimality conditions. Hence the training algorithm trades off errors between those -- potentially very different -- equilibrium conditions. This renders the interpretation of the remaining errors challenging. The second problem is that portfolio choice in models with multiple assets is only pinned down for low errors in the corresponding equilibrium conditions. In the beginning of training, this can lead to fluctuating policies for different assets, which hampers the training process. To alleviate these issues, we propose two complementary innovations. First, we introduce Market Clearing Layers, a neural network architecture that automatically enforces all the market clearing conditions and borrowing constraints in the economy. Encoding economic constraints into the neural network architecture reduces the number of terms in the loss function and enhances the interpretability of the remaining equilibrium errors. Furthermore, we present a homotopy algorithm for solving portfolio choice problems with multiple assets, which ameliorates numerical instabilities arising in the context of deep learning. To illustrate our method we solve an overlapping generations model with two permanent risk aversion types, three distinct assets, and aggregate shocks.

Qirui Mi, Siyu Xia, Yan Song et al.

Taxation and government spending are crucial tools for governments to promote economic growth and maintain social equity. However, the difficulty in accurately predicting the dynamic strategies of diverse self-interested households presents a challenge for governments to implement effective tax policies. Given its proficiency in modeling other agents in partially observable environments and adaptively learning to find optimal policies, Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is highly suitable for solving dynamic games between the government and numerous households. Although MARL shows more potential than traditional methods such as the genetic algorithm and dynamic programming, there is a lack of large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning economic simulators. Therefore, we propose a MARL environment, named \textbf{TaxAI}, for dynamic games involving $N$ households, government, firms, and financial intermediaries based on the Bewley-Aiyagari economic model. Our study benchmarks 2 traditional economic methods with 7 MARL methods on TaxAI, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of MARL algorithms. Moreover, TaxAI's scalability in simulating dynamic interactions between the government and 10,000 households, coupled with real-data calibration, grants it a substantial improvement in scale and reality over existing simulators. Therefore, TaxAI is the most realistic economic simulator for optimal tax policy, which aims to generate feasible recommendations for governments and individuals.

Yiting Chen, Tracy Xiao Liu, You Shan et al.

As large language models (LLMs) like GPT become increasingly prevalent, it is essential that we assess their capabilities beyond language processing. This paper examines the economic rationality of GPT by instructing it to make budgetary decisions in four domains: risk, time, social, and food preferences. We measure economic rationality by assessing the consistency of GPT's decisions with utility maximization in classic revealed preference theory. We find that GPT's decisions are largely rational in each domain and demonstrate higher rationality score than those of human subjects in a parallel experiment and in the literature. Moreover, the estimated preference parameters of GPT are slightly different from human subjects and exhibit a lower degree of heterogeneity. We also find that the rationality scores are robust to the degree of randomness and demographic settings such as age and gender, but are sensitive to contexts based on the language frames of the choice situations. These results suggest the potential of LLMs to make good decisions and the need to further understand their capabilities, limitations, and underlying mechanisms.

Maciej Dziadel, Katarzyna Ignatowicz

This paper presents a tannery industry's water and wastewater management problem. Information has been collected on the volume of water demand and, consequently, wastewater generation in these plants. This made it possible to relate them to the values generated by one of the smaller tanning plants located in Poland. The concentration of the pollutants contained in this wastewater, mainly chromium, was also determined from the study. Management of wastewater is a financial nuisance for small plants. The need to conclude contracts with specialized treatment plants, storage and long-distance transport of sewage, also by the respective companies, generates considerable costs, which may be a limiting factor of the willingness to invest in production. Wort reuse reduces the cost of purchasing chromium as a bath ingredient, reduces the frequency of waste disposal and significantly reduces company costs.

Daniel Tokarski

The decision-making processes for planning an environmentally compatible infrastructure are extremely complex, as are the logistics processes themselves. The concepts for the location of urban logistics centers have been compared with the ecological danger zones in Poland. In this way, areas with a high degree of environmental degradation, particularly unfavorable from the point of view of the location of new logistics centers, were identified. The decision on the location of the planned project should be made on the basis of a previously developed, special procedure for the assessment of investment implementation and its impact on the natural environment. The aim of the study is to indicate the infrastructure of city logistics centers as one of the necessary and most effective factors determining sustainable development. As a rule, infrastructure can be created in two ways. The first one recommends building the enterprise, and then its infrastructure, while the second one recommends the opposite approach. From the point of view of the infrastructure of sustainable development, the second approach seems appropriate, allowing for the effective implementation of the sustainable development strategy. The first approach may only lead to a decline in the meaning of the concept of sustainable development in the mentality and social awareness. The variety of approaches in the literature on the subject defining the concept of sustainable development infrastructure covers both the area of ​​economy, society and the environment. Significant from the point of view of future generations seems to be the environmental aspect related to the creation of urban logistics centers in the era of sustainable development. One of the essential properties of the natural environment is equilibrium, which occurs when the outflow and supply of energy and matter in nature are balanced. The natural environment is in constant interaction with humans, in order to prevent its gradation, measures are taken to prevent damage to the physical environment or natural resources, there are also activities aimed at reducing the risk of losses or encouraging the efficient use of natural resources, including measures to save energy and use renewable energy sources.

Philip Lubin, Alexander N. Cohen

Large scale directed energy offers the possibility of radical transformation in a variety of areas, including the ability to achieve relativistic flight that will enable the first interstellar missions, as well as rapid interplanetary transit. In addition, the same technology will allow for long-range beamed power for ion, ablation, and thermal engines, as well as long-range recharging of distant spacecraft, long-range and ultra high bandwidth laser communications, and many additional applications that include remote composition analysis, manipulation of asteroids, and full planetary defense. Directed energy relies on photonics which, like electronics, is an exponentially expanding growth area driven by diverse economic interests that allows transformational advances in space exploration and capability. We have made enormous technological progress in the last few years to enable this long-term vision. In addition to the technological challenges, we must face the economic challenges to bring the vision to reality. The path ahead requires a fundamental change in the system designs to allow for the radical cost reductions required. To afford the full-scale realization of this vision we will need to bring to fore integrated photonics and mass production as a path forward. Fortunately, integrated photonics is a technology driven by vast consumer need for high speed data delivery. We outline the fundamental physics that drive the economics and derive an analytic cost model that allows us to logically plan the path ahead.

Carlos Bendicho

This paper proposes the characteristics a techno-economic model for 5G should have considering both mobile network operators perspective and end users needs. It also presents a review and classification of models in the literature based on the characteristics of such theoretical techno-economic reference model. The performed analysis identifies current gaps in the techno-economic modeling literature for 5G architectures and shows it can be enhanced using agile techno-economic models like the Universal Techno-Economic Model (UTEM) created and developed by the author to industrialize assessment of different technological solutions, considering all market players perspectives and applicable to decision-making in multiple domains. This model can be used for an effective and agile 5G techno-economic assessment, including not only network deployment perspective but also customers and end users requirements as well as other stakeholders to select the most adequate 5G architectural solution considering both technical and economic feasibility. UTEM model is currently available for all industry stakeholders under specific license of use.