Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

Jan Stradomski

A collection of miracles attributed to St Menas appeared in medieval Old Church Slavonic literature as a result of contacts between Orthodox Slavs in the Balkans and Byzantine Christian literature. By the 10th century, at least two distinct translations of the had likely been produced in Bulgaria. These translations have been preserved in Slavic collection manuscripts (dating from the late 13th to the 17th centuries) in both an abridged version (a compilation of several miracles) and a full translation of the entire collection, comprising 13 miracles. This article presents the current state of research on the subject, the most important sources, the hypothesized routes of migration of Greek sources into Old Church Slavonic (and later Church Slavonic) literature, and a proposed reconstruction of the transmission process of these translations within the Slavic textual tradition.

Oumaima Barhoumi, Ghazal Farhani, Taufiq Rahman et al.

Platooning has emerged as a promising strategy for improving fuel efficiency in automated vehicle systems, with significant implications for reducing emissions and operational costs. While existing literature on vehicle platooning primarily focuses on individual aspects such as aerodynamic drag reduction or specific control strategies, this work takes a more comprehensive approach by bringing together a wide range of factors and components that contribute to fuel savings in platoons. In this literature review, we examine the impact of platooning on fuel consumption, highlighting the key components of platoon systems, the factors and actors influencing fuel savings, methods for estimating fuel use, and the effect of platoon instability on efficiency. Furthermore, we study the role of reduced aerodynamic drag, vehicle coordination, and the challenges posed by instability in real-world conditions. By compiling insights from recent studies, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in platooning technologies and highlights both the challenges and opportunities for future research to maximize fuel savings in real-world scenarios.

Damian Mrugalski

Wśród badaczy filozofii Augustyna panuje przekonanie, że zaczerpnął on pojęcie pozytywnie rozumianej nieskończoności Boga od Plotyna. Inna opinio communis utrzymuje, że Orygenes odziedziczył negatywne rozumienie nieskończoności od starożytnych filozofów i dlatego uważał moc Boga za skończoną. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu wykazanie, że obie opinie są błędne. Chociaż Augustyn był zaznajomiony z myślą Plotyna, jego refleksje na temat nieskończoności Boga mają więcej wspólnego z tezami stawianymi przez Orygenesa niż z neoplatonizmem. U obu autorów kwestia ta pojawia się przy komentowaniu tych samych fragmentów biblijnych i obaj zmagają się z tą samą aporią wynikającą z przyjęcia doktryny o nieskończonej mocy i wiedzy Boga. Jeśli, zgodnie z logiką Arystotelesa, nieskończoność nie może być objęta przez nic, to czy boski intelekt może obejmować nieskończone idee? Odpowiedź obu autorów na to pytanie jest pozytywna. Artykuł stawia tezę, że Augustyn mógł przejąć doktrynę o nieskończoności Boga bezpośrednio od Orygenesa, ponieważ miał dostęp do wielu jego dzieł przetłumaczonych na łacinę lub za pośrednictwem Nowacjana i Hilarego z Poitiers, którzy byli pod wpływem myśli Orygenesa.

Guadalupe López Monteagudo

Recensión

Kartheik G. Iyer, Mikaeel Yunus, Charles O'Neill et al.

The exponential growth of astronomical literature poses significant challenges for researchers navigating and synthesizing general insights or even domain-specific knowledge. We present Pathfinder, a machine learning framework designed to enable literature review and knowledge discovery in astronomy, focusing on semantic searching with natural language instead of syntactic searches with keywords. Utilizing state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) and a corpus of 350,000 peer-reviewed papers from the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), Pathfinder offers an innovative approach to scientific inquiry and literature exploration. Our framework couples advanced retrieval techniques with LLM-based synthesis to search astronomical literature by semantic context as a complement to currently existing methods that use keywords or citation graphs. It addresses complexities of jargon, named entities, and temporal aspects through time-based and citation-based weighting schemes. We demonstrate the tool's versatility through case studies, showcasing its application in various research scenarios. The system's performance is evaluated using custom benchmarks, including single-paper and multi-paper tasks. Beyond literature review, Pathfinder offers unique capabilities for reformatting answers in ways that are accessible to various audiences (e.g. in a different language or as simplified text), visualizing research landscapes, and tracking the impact of observatories and methodologies. This tool represents a significant advancement in applying AI to astronomical research, aiding researchers at all career stages in navigating modern astronomy literature.

Saeed Safikhani, Lennart Nacke, Johanna Pirker

Previous research demonstrates that the interruption of immersive experiences may lead to a bias in the results of questionnaires. Thus, the traditional way of presenting questionnaires, paper-based or web-based, may not be compatible with evaluating VR experiences. Recent research has shown the positive impact of embedding questionnaires contextually into the virtual environment. However, a comprehensive overview of the available VR questionnaire solutions is currently missing. Furthermore, no clear taxonomy exists for these different solutions in the literature. To address this, we present a literature review of VR questionnaire user interfaces (UI) following PRISMA guidelines. Our search returned 1.109 initial results, which were screened for eligibility, resulting in a corpus of 25 papers. This paper contributes to HCI and games research with a literature review of embedded questionnaires in VR, discussing the advantages and disadvantages and introducing a taxonomy of in-VR questionnaire UIs.

Ramin Hassannejad

The existence of fluctuations at the early stage of the universe provides enough confidence to rely on averaging methods. However, the nonlinearity of general relativity makes this process extremely difficult. Several methods have been proposed to study inhomogeneous cosmology and address the averaging problem, such as Buchert's spatial averaging. In this work, early cosmic inflation is investigated using the Buchert equations and the Mori-Zwanzig projection operator formalism. The coarse-grained description derived from these approaches acts as a geometrical source of early cosmic inflation through higher-order differential equations. The theoretical results, while not an exact match, exhibit close agreement with observational data, demonstrating the robustness of the model and its potential for further cosmological applications.

Gen Ye, Jun-Qian Jiang, Yun-Song Piao

Recently, the cosmological tensions, $H_0$ and $S_8$ in particular, have inspired modification of both pre- and postrecombination physics simultaneously. Early dark energy is a promising pre-recombination solution of the $H_0$ tension, known to be compatible with the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, the compatibility of early dark energy, as well as general early resolutions, with the CMB is no longer obvious if the late Universe is also modified. Aside from cosmological parameters, the main channel through which late Universe physics affects CMB observables is gravitational lensing. We employed a new method of sampling functions using the Gaussian Process in the Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis to constrain the shape of the CMB lensing potential. We obtained the early Universe (CMB) only constraints on the full shape of the CMB lensing potential, with the late-time Universe being marginalized over. It is found that CMB data prefers a lensing potential shape that is $Λ$CDM-like at $80\lesssim L\lesssim400$ but with enhanced amplitude beyond this range. The obtained shape constraints can serve as a CMB-compatibility guideline for both late and early Universe model building that modifies the lensing potential.

Yousuf A. Khan, Clarisse Hokia, Jennifer Xu et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to 1.1 million deaths in the United States, despite the explosion of coronavirus research. These new findings are slow to translate to clinical interventions, leading to poorer patient outcomes and unnecessary deaths. One reason is that clinicians, overwhelmed by patients, struggle to keep pace with the rate of new coronavirus literature. A potential solution is developing a tool for evaluating coronavirus literature using large language models (LLMs) -- neural networks that are deployed for natural language processing. LLMs can be used to summarize and extract user-specified information. The greater availability and advancement of LLMs and pre-processed coronavirus literature databases provide the opportunity to assist clinicians in evaluating coronavirus literature through a coronavirus literature specific LLM (covLLM), a tool that directly takes an inputted research article and a user query to return an answer. Using the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), we produced two datasets: (1) synCovid, which uses a combination of handwritten prompts and synthetic prompts generated using OpenAI, and (2) real abstracts, which contains abstract and title pairs. covLLM was trained with LLaMA 7B as a baseline model to produce three models trained on (1) the Alpaca and synCovid datasets, (2) the synCovid dataset, and (3) the synCovid and real abstract datasets. These models were evaluated by two human evaluators and ChatGPT. Results demonstrate that training covLLM on the synCovid and abstract pairs datasets performs competitively with ChatGPT and outperforms covLLM trained primarily using the Alpaca dataset.

Peter W. Shor

I recount some of my memories of the early development of quantum computation, including the discovery of the factoring algorithm, of error correcting codes, and of fault tolerance.

Qingyu Chen, Alexis Allot, Robert Leaman et al.

LitCovid (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/), first launched in February 2020, is a first-of-its-kind literature hub for tracking up-to-date published research on COVID-19. The number of articles in LitCovid has increased from 55,000 to ~300,000 over the past two and half years, with a consistent growth rate of ~10,000 articles per month. In addition to the rapid literature growth, the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved dramatically. For instance, the Omicron variant has now accounted for over 98% of new infections in the U.S. In response to the continuing evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, this article describes significant updates to LitCovid over the last two years. First, we introduced the Long Covid collection consisting of the articles on COVID-19 survivors experiencing ongoing multisystemic symptoms, including respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and profound fatigue. Second, we provided new annotations on the latest COVID-19 strains and vaccines mentioned in the literature. Third, we improved several existing features with more accurate machine learning algorithms for annotating topics and classifying articles relevant to COVID-19. LitCovid has been widely used with millions of accesses by users worldwide on various information needs and continues to play a critical role in collecting, curating, and standardizing the latest knowledge on the COVID-19 literature.

Amr Abd Al-Rahman Youssef, Gaber Faisel, Hakan Akyildirim

The early Universe was characterized by the presence of heavy particles that decoupled at different temperatures leading to different phases of the Universe. This had a consequences on the time evolution of the thermodynamic and the cosmological parameters characterizing each phase of the early Universe. In this study, we derive the analytic expressions of the equations governing the time evolution of these parameters in the early eras of the Universe namely, the radiation era, the quark-gluon plasma era, the hadron era and the mixed era. The parameters under concern include the energy density, the entropy density, the temperature, the pressure in addition to Hubble parameter and the scale factor. Having these expressions allows us to give estimations of the times corresponding to the beginning and ending of each era of the Universe as will be presented in this work.

Thanasis Zoumpekas, Maria Salamó, Anna Puig

Early stopping techniques can be utilized to decrease the time cost, however currently the ultimate goal of early stopping techniques is closely related to the accuracy upgrade or the ability of the neural network to generalize better on unseen data without being large or complex in structure and not directly with its efficiency. Time efficiency is a critical factor in neural networks, especially when dealing with the segmentation of 3D point cloud data, not only because a neural network itself is computationally expensive, but also because point clouds are large and noisy data, making learning processes even more costly. In this paper, we propose a new early stopping technique based on fundamental mathematics aiming to upgrade the trade-off between the learning efficiency and accuracy of neural networks dealing with 3D point clouds. Our results show that by employing our early stopping technique in four distinct and highly utilized neural networks in segmenting 3D point clouds, the training time efficiency of the models is greatly improved, with efficiency gain values reaching up to 94\%, while the models achieving in just a few epochs approximately similar segmentation accuracy metric values like the ones that are obtained in the training of the neural networks in 200 epochs. Also, our proposal outperforms four conventional early stopping approaches in segmentation accuracy, implying a promising innovative early stopping technique in point cloud segmentation.

Jennifer Grisales-Casadiegos, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Luis A. Núñez et al.

We present a methodology to simulate the impact of the atmospheric models in the background particle flux on ground detectors using the Global Data Assimilation System. The methodology was within the ARTI simulation framework developed by the Latin American Giant Observatory Collaboration. The ground level secondary flux simulations were performed with a tropical climate at the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. To validate our methodology, we built monthly profiles over Malargüe between 2006 and 2011, comparing the maximum atmospheric depth, X$_\mathrm{max}$, with those calculated with the Auger atmospheric option in CORSIKA. The results show significant differences between the predefined CORSIKA atmospheres and their corresponding Global Data Assimilation System atmospheric profiles.

A. Oelen, M. Y. Jaradeh, M. Stocker et al.

Reviewing scientific literature is a cumbersome, time consuming but crucial activity in research. Leveraging a scholarly knowledge graph, we present a methodology and a system for comparing scholarly literature, in particular research contributions describing the addressed problem, utilized materials, employed methods and yielded results. The system can be used by researchers to quickly get familiar with existing work in a specific research domain (e.g., a concrete research question or hypothesis). Additionally, it can be used to publish literature surveys following the FAIR Data Principles. The methodology to create a research contribution comparison consists of multiple tasks, specifically: (a) finding similar contributions, (b) aligning contribution descriptions, (c) visualizing and finally (d) publishing the comparison. The methodology is implemented within the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), a scholarly infrastructure that enables researchers to collaboratively describe, find and compare research contributions. We evaluate the implementation using data extracted from published review articles. The evaluation also addresses the FAIRness of comparisons published with the ORKG.

Matthieu Herrmann, Geoffrey I. Webb

The Dynamic Time Warping ("DTW") distance is widely used in time series analysis, be it for classification, clustering or similarity search. However, its quadratic time complexity prevents it from scaling. Strategies, based on early abandoning DTW or skipping its computation altogether thanks to lower bounds, have been developed for certain use cases such as nearest neighbour search. But vectorization and approximation aside, no advance was made on DTW itself until recently with the introduction of PrunedDTW. This algorithm, able to prune unpromising alignments, was later fitted with early abandoning. We present a new version of PrunedDTW, "EAPrunedDTW", designed with early abandon in mind from the start, and able to early abandon faster than before. We show that EAPrunedDTW significantly improves the computation time of similarity search in the UCR Suite, and renders lower bounds dispensable.

José Ángel Castillo Lozano

Juan de Bíclaro nació en Scallabis (actual Santarem) en el seno de una familia aristócrata de origen godo en el año 540, aunque otros autores quieran ubicar su nacimiento a posteriori, entre los años 550-556. Durante su juventud marchó durante siete años a Constantinoplapara ser educado en la capital del Imperio romano de Oriente, algo que marcaría su mentalidad y que plasmaría en esta obra que vamos a analizar y que podría ser un lugar común en la educación de los obispos de la Antigüedad Tardía.

José Antonio Molina Gómez, José Antonio Zapata Parra, María Isabel Muñoz Sandoval et al.

Este artículo pretende mostrar los resultados de las intervenciones en el yacimiento arqueológico de Begastri durante la década 2007-2017. Por un lado, ofrecemos los resultados de las excavaciones en el extremo occidental de la ciudad, que han supuesto el hallazgo de estructuras habitacionales de época visigoda (siglos VI y VII d.C.), bajo las que se han documentado restos de otros periodos culturales; y por otro, las excavaciones en el extremo oriental, destacando la intervención sobre la puerta oriental, cuya estructura y función han quedado por fin definidas.

Piotr Kochanek

nie dotyczy

Benjamin Fleury, Nathalie Carrasco, Maeva Millan et al.

The emergence of life on the Earth has required a prior organic chemistry leading to the formation of prebiotic molecules. The origin and the evolution of the organic matter on the early Earth is not yet firmly understood. Several hypothesis, possibly complementary, are considered. They can be divided in two categories: endogenous and exogenous sources. In this work we investigate the contribution of a specific endogenous source: the organic chemistry occurring in the ionosphere of the early Earth where the significant VUV contribution of the young Sun involved an efficient formation of reactive species. We address the issue whether this chemistry can lead to the formation of complex organic compounds with CO2 as only source of carbon in an early atmosphere made of N2, CO2 and H2, by mimicking experimentally this type of chemistry using a low pressure plasma reactor. By analyzing the gaseous phase composition, we strictly identified the formation of H2O, NH3, N2O and C2N2. The formation of a solid organic phase is also observed, confirming the possibility to trigger organic chemistry in the upper atmosphere of the early Earth. The identification of Nitrogen-bearing chemical functions in the solid highlights the possibility for an efficient ionospheric chemistry to provide prebiotic material on the early Earth.