Hasil untuk "Civil law"

KIRPICHEV A.E.

The relevance of the study is determined by the adoption of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation Resolution No. 49-P of October 31, 2024, which established that No. limitation period applies to anti-corruption claims filed by prosecutors. The purpose of this work is to identify the theoretical foundations for excluding state claims from the scope of statute of limitations rules and to conduct a comparative legal analysis of this institution. The article examines problems of correlation between the principle of formal equality of private law subjects and the special position of the state as a participant in civil legal relations. Methods of comparative law, historicallegal and doctrinal analysis are used. The AngloSaxon maxim um tempus occurrit regi, the French concept of imprescriptibility of the public domain, and the practice of courts in the USA and Europe are examined. Conclusions: the exclusion of state claims from limitation periods is justified not by the identity of the owner, but by the special legal regime of property and the central position of certain bodies (primarily the prosecutor’s office) in the system of public interest protection.

Patrick Dumberry

In this contribution, I examine how investment tribunals have addressed the issues of recognition and identifying governments. While these questions may arise in different situations (for instance, in the context of the civil war in Yemen1), I will focus on claims arising from events occurring during the civil war in Libya because they have been examined frequently by tribunals.2 I will examine the Cengiz case and briefly mention other cases dealing with related procedural questions. I will explain that the Cengiz Tribunal has failed to properly apply some of the most fundamental principles of international law regulating government recognition/identification.

Dominik Wolski

In recent years, it has been a relatively common practice for the Polish antitrust authority – the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (the OCCP) – to issue conditional decisions in merger control proceedings. Actually, this is not a practice known only to the Polish antitrust authority, as such decisions are also issued by the European Commission. Consents granted following this procedure allow participants to a planned concentration (also referred to as merger) to proceed, but under certain conditions – behavioural or structural. Several important issues arise especially with regard to the latter type of conditions, particularly in terms of the permissible degree of interference in the sphere of private legal rights and obligations of one or both participants in the concentration, and the consequences of failure to comply with the condition under which the concentration has been approved. These issues are the subject of this paper, which ends with conclusions and implications regarding the judicial practice of the Polish antitrust authority in the area in question.

Priest Vitaly A. Kollantai

In the article, the author describes one of the properties of the evidence of the church trial, which is among the main elements of the entire system of evidence. The property of admissibility is interpreted differently in different legal families, but this does not affect its main focus, which is to establish the actual compliance of the evidence with the norms of current legislation or the existing canons of the Church. Based on the analysis of court cases of a number of dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), the conclusion is made about the differentiation of criteria for the admissibility of evidence. Using the comparative legal method, they were compared with the criteria for the admissibility of evidence in criminal and civil proceedings in Russia. The author substantiates the application of the rule “on the fruit of the poisoned tree”, inherent in the English common law in modern church litigation. It is proposed to amend the Regulation “on the Ecclesiastical Court of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) by including Article 13.1, reflecting the essence of the “fruits of the poisoned tree” rule as applied to the ecclesiastical judicial process.

Rafael Corzo de la Colina, Eduardo Wiese Bazo

En el presente artículo, los autores intentan dar un repaso práctico sobre el derecho de seguros en el Perú. Para ello, usan la experiencia recolectada en sus años laborando en esta área y se permiten profundizar y opinar sobre las primas, los ‘grandes riesgos’, la capacidad de las empresas del Sistema de Seguros para emitir fianzas, entre otros.  Los autores pretenden que este texto sirva de guía práctica para quienes se dedican al derecho de seguros.

Jakub Tomšej

The article discusses the application of the principle of equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination in the context of public service. While employees who feel discriminated against often resort to legal action in civil courts or raise discrimination claims in other civil proceedings, the situation in employment relationships within the public service is less clear. The author examines how the law on public service refers to the relevant provisions of the Labor Code and explores the compatibility of the regulations designed for employment relationships with the specific nature of public service relationships. The article also emphasizes the importance of addressing discrimination claims in the appropriate procedural framework. Despite the increased element of subordination in public service, the principle of equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination can still be invoked by public servants, as European law does not allow otherwise. The article analyzes the case law of the Czech supreme courts and its consequences.

Albano Francisco Schmidt, Reuel Salomão Corrêa da Silva

O direito falimentar possui disposições acerca da recuperação judicial, extrajudicial e a falência no enfrentamento de crises econômico-financeira das empresas, tais institutos visam salvaguardar o equilíbrio entre a empresa devedora e seus credores para a superação da crise. É notório que o exercício da atividade empresária acarreta a assunção de riscos econômicos, posto que o resultado final, embora previsível, pode sofrer variações. Verifica-se, desse modo, que entra em conflito o interesse da empresa em manter o funcionamento das suas atividades e obter lucro em detrimento do interesse do credor, o qual também deseja receber a remuneração estipulada. Ainda, atualmente se vivencia uma pandemia global, a qual trouxe diversos impactos financeiros, em razão do fechamento dos estabelecimentos empresariais, como forma de isolamento ao combate e enfrentamento do novo coronavírus. Posto isso, o presente artigo observou as disposições legais acerca dos institutos de recuperação e falência, os impactos gerados pelo novo coronavírus, principalmente no Estado de Santa Catarina, bem como se as principais modificações que a lei n. 14.112 de 2020 trouxe são suficientes para um trâmite célere no enfrentamento de crises econômicas vivenciadas pelas empresas. Além disso, traçou um paralelo, na conclusão, sobre o cenário da pandemia e as principais disposições da lei n. 14.112.

Habibova Konul, Zaretskaya Ella

This article explores law and legal relations in the digital age, considers bills of various data in the development of the digital environment in legal relations and legislative systems of public administration. The article analyzes such concepts as “digitalization of legal relations” and “digital form of law”. The topic of this article is relevant, because the digital form of law is currently being integrated into all branches of management and human activity, and the study of this phenomenon is a priority issue in modern jurisdiction. It also touches upon the program of artificial intelligence, considered as a full-fledged subject of legal relations. In the course of the study, general scientific research methods in jurisprudence were used.

Martín Ugalde

A principios del año 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró al COVID-19 como una pandemia. No hace falta hacer un análisis exhaustivo para advertir las importantes consecuencias sanitarias, económicas y jurídicas que aquella ha tenido. En particular, el derecho de patentes tiene un importante rol en este sentido. La posibilidad de que se patente una vacuna en el país con el ordenamiento vigente de la Ley 24481 y sus modificatorias y que se proteja el derecho humano de propiedad que el titular tiene sobre ella tiene un fuerte impacto en el incentivo al desarrollo técnico y científico. Derecho que no puede analizarse en forma aislada, sino en el contexto de emergencia sanitaria que hoy está imperando a nivel mundial y el interés público en la protección de otro derecho humano, como es la salud pública. Este desarrollo técnico incentivado por el sistema de patentes forma parte del interés no solo de la comunidad jurídica, sino de la sociedad toda. En este trabajo, analizaremos el contexto de la pandemia y el derecho de la propiedad intelectual, la evolución histórica en la legislación argentina en la posibilidad de patentar productos y procedimientos farmacológicos, los requisitos que debe cumplir la vacuna para ser considerada materia patentable en los términos de la ley, el procedimiento que hay que seguir ante el INPI para su patentamiento, los derechos que la ley otorga al titular de la patente de la vacuna y su encuadre la licencia obligatoria en contexto de emergencia sanitaria del artículo 45 de la Ley de Patentes.

Walsir Edson Rodrigues Júnior, Luísa Marques Reis

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo expor a técnica da Constelação Familiar e a sua aplicação na resolução dos conflitos familiares, sustentando a possibilidade de utilização da técnica dentro do Poder Judiciário como um método alternativo de resolução de controvérsias, ante o modelo de Justiça Multiportas inaugurado pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil. A hipótese é de que a Constelação Familiar é uma alternativa eficaz para a resolução de conflitos familiares, uma vez que possibilita que sejam tratados os diversos aspectos emocionais e psicológicos que permeiam os conflitos – na maioria das vezes não alcançados pelo procedimento judicializado. Dessa forma, sustenta-se que a Constelação Familiar viabiliza a solução consciente construída pelos próprios envolvidos, promovendo a (re)estruturação de seus vínculos afetivos e consolidando o papel da jurisdição como verdadeiro instrumento de pacificação social.

Jorge Orlando Ágreda Aliaga

La responsabilidad como institución civil frente a daños contractuales y extracontractuales ha sido una temática abundantemente desarrollada por la doctrina civil, pero injustamente no ha recibido el mismo tratamiento desde la perspectiva laboral peruana. En este artículo el autor esboza un análisis de la materia desde la doctrina y normas aplicables a la relación del empleador y trabajador con un especial énfasis crítico a la jurisprudencia que, en su anhelo de crear Derecho, confunde las categorías y genera inseguridad jurídica.

A. Yu. Helzhynskyi

The relevance of the research is determined by the prerequisites for the rise in the levels of terrorist threats in Ukraine and the development of international terrorism. In response to these threats, the state creates protective mechanisms, increasing the level of protection of the population, since this is one of its main tasks. However, this system does not fully meet its objectives without cooperation with civil society. That is why, one of the current tasks is to unite the efforts of the state and civil society institutions in fighting against terrorism. Every citizen and civil society in the whole is a stakeholder and partner in the fight against terrorism. Citizens should be active participants. Therefore, the article provides a legal analysis of the interaction of the main agency in the state system of combating terrorist activity – the Security Service of Ukraine with civil society and clarifies the ways of implementing the state policy on counteracting terrorism. The comparative legal method of the study analyzes the source base of national law concerning the interaction of the Security Service of Ukraine with civil society in fighting against terrorism. The practical relevance of the study is determined by the ability to use the main points and conclusions of the study to further studies of the problems of the interaction of counter-terrorism actors with civil society. As a result of the analysis of the normative base on the interaction of the Security Service of Ukraine with civil society in fighting against terrorism, it can be stated about the state's efforts to implement the main points of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. In general, Ukraine's anti-terrorist system meets international standards in the field of counteracting terrorism. However, national legislation is the subject to improvement in the field of counteracting terrorism with the involvement of civil society institutions in eliminating the conditions and causes of terrorist activity.

Rubens Damasceno-Morais

This article studies the nature of a disagreement expressed by some judges to their peers in a deliberative judgment, in a Brazilian court of appeal, where three magistrates analyse a legal affair involving a political media fact. The proposed analysis was to inspect linguistic structures where magistrates use a concessive construction as a way to disarm their interlocutor and to push his colleagues to change their mind and join their standpoint. The major interest here was to observe how those judges manage disagreement (stasis) when the polemic is installed during the complex deliberation by magistrates. Our data showed some interesting moments when one magistrate “drag” the objections made by his refractory interlocutor, in a Brazilian court of appeals. The analysis shows the central role of the concessive linguistic structure in that debate and the rhetoric effects caused by that use, confirming that, in a debate, sometimes, people “make an effort to be cooperative and polite in expressing agreement marks, at the same time that they keeps his dignity” in a strategic way (Doury and Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2011). Indeed, the concessive linguistic and rhetorical movement, that we called, in this work, the “dissonant agreement”, occurs in that context mainly to mitigate the disagreement in the deliberation table. This way, as we observed, the most important moment of the argumentation is strategically defeated in a more flexible/smooth way, without became a classical polemical issue, during the deliberation, because of the called dissonant agreement. The main issue of the analysis was to go beyond a simple description of a specific occurrence (the use of concessive structures) to demonstrate regularities in that kind of argumentative interaction and try to update a curious rhetorical and inventive phenomenon. That's why we proposed here to examine more than one concessive linguistic structure, in order to highlight the regularity of the phenomenon that the analysis intends to disclose (i.e. dissonant agreement). In other words, we realized that some statements of agreement and acquiescence of the data analysed did not represent an effective consensus or an acceptance of the other’s standpoint. Effectively, we observed that this way of disagreement, that is, in saying “yes” when someone would like to say “non”, looks more inventive and strategic, because, in that way, someone apparently avoid a possible frontal combat between different standpoints. This strategy demonstrates that “nothing is created ex nihilo in the language” (Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2009 : 222). And this ascertainment is really appropriate in this work about a deliberation in a tribunal, because in the examined legal deliberation (“The insulting title’s case”) we could observe the way that sentences in a deliberation mean more than the words apparently try to say; we were able to observe some ways to win a debate in a subtle way, in a legal territory among magistrates. In addition, the trial shows a recent political situation in the recent Brazilian history, what, we guess, might increase the interest for the analysis, because we examine a cultural side, in a situated context. On the other side, it must be said that this case does not represent the general Brazilian political life, but it gives an idea about the headlines that have been visiting newspapers during the last years. In the first part of the article, we propose a theoretical explanation about the rules and effects of politeness in the linguistic field of the Analysis of Conversation. With the help of authors like Grice (1982), Searle (1981), Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1992), among others, we will find theoretical support to help us to structure the proposed analysis. In the second part (the language-in-interaction in the legal universe) we present the context from which the data was extracted and, also, we explain summarily the Brazilian legal context. In this way, we try to explain how the civil law and its legislation is used in a Brazilian court, in judgements about moral damage, especially in deliberations with the three or more judges. Finally, in the third part (about a controversial media case) we present a case study to show how the agreement that we called the “dissonant agreement” takes place in a real situation of interaction between magistrates in a Brazilian court in a judgment of moral damage (“the insulting title’s case”). We have analyzed three transcribed excerpts of the judgment to demonstrate how the management of the disagreement takes place all long that deliberation. The conclusion of the work shows possibilities to be “potentially persuasive” (Aristotle) in a legal deliberation, and the way magistrates address to their interlocutors in a judgement among other legal experts. The careful analysis of the interaction among judges during the deliberations recorded is useful to demonstrate the rhetorical dimension of a deliberation and the kind of negotiation that may be made in these situations, where pain and suffering of others are being judged in moral damage cases. Even if the situations analysed do not have an argumentative purpose declared, it might be observed that the speakers tried to adopt strategies to make prevail their conclusions, that is, the amount to be paid, in opposition of those of their colleagues in session, like we tried to show in the analysis. Thus, we believe that the excerpts provide interesting ways to examine the importance of analysing argumentation in context of interaction (Plantin, 2015). In this way, we have looked more closely the process of mitigating the disagreement expressed by magistrates in a polemic legal deliberation. To conclude, we tried, in this analysis, to highlight the strategic dimension of the rhetorical disagreement among magistrates during a polemical trial in a media case, on a legal court in Brazil. As we try to show, the called “dissonant agreement” - or the subtle concessive movement - is an interesting face of the argumentative and rhetorical movement in a legal court in Brazil.

Željko Mirkov

Modalities of the principle of opportunity of prosecution in relation to adult offenders (deferring of a criminal prosecution and dismissing a criminal complaint due to a genuine remorse of a suspect) were a subject of many scientific papers which dealt with the theoretical and normative aspects of this institute of the criminal procedural law. According to the author’s opinion, due to the increased application of this principle, it is necessary to present its practical – a prosecutorial aspect which hasn’t been written about in many papers so far. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the work of a public prosecutor on a particular case where the principle of opportunity of prosecution is applied – from the moment of receiving a criminal complaint to the moment when the decision for its dismissal has been made. The paper is also consisted of prosecutorial documents which are related to the application of the principle of opportunity.

Henny Juliany

The aim of research to determine the position of state assets set aside in BUMN. The research method used is normative empirical research by using statutory approach. The research found that the First, implementation of management and accountability for the state against state assets set aside in BUMN aims to provide an important role in contributing to the state revenue for part of the profits of BUMNs will be deposited into the state budget as Non Tax Revenue (non-tax). Second, the wealth of a country that has been transformed into the capital of state enterprises, the management should be in the business paradigm (business judgment rules), but the separation of the wealth of the country has not made   the switch into a state that in spite of the wealth of the country’s wealth .

Luis Fernando Roca Lizarzaburu, Jorge Avendaño Valdez

The reform of the text and the enactment of a new Civil Code both require a long and careful process; the work of a Reformer Commission should focus on   identifying areas for improvement in the text and propose solutions to the problems that may have occurred in theimplementation of the revised text. In this interview, Jorge Avendaño talks about his experience working in the Reformer Commissions of 1936 and 1984’s Civil Codes, the second of which he personally presided. He also refers to the proposals he made to the Book of Rights in Rem and the feasibility of its implementation.

Aleksandar Grujić

The realization and protection of human rights in the modern society are imposed as a „condition sine qua non“ for the survival of any community. Modern society knows various ways of protecting human rights and freedoms. One of the numerous institutes through which human rights and freedoms are protected is the institution of ombudsman. The institution of ombudsman in Republic of Serbia was, for the first time, officially constituted at the beginning of 21st century when our legislation predicted the possibility of forming such an institution. Ombudsman was first established at the local level, then at the provincial level and, at the end, at the republic level. The ombudsman institution in Republic of Serbia has legally existed for more than a decade. In this period there have been numerous problems when we are talking about working and operating of the institution itself. Problems can be eliminated by changes in legal regulation. At the moment the change of the constitution is not required, but the laws might be changed. Republic Serbia must change the Law on the Ombudsman and the Law on Local Self-Government. According to the author`s opinion, the most important changes which are necessary to be made are those concerning the Law on Local Self-Government.

M. Amin, J. Haidar

R. Pound

Héctor Santaella Quintero

Este artículo plantea la necesidad de explorar el régimen constitucional del derecho de propiedad privada como condición para llevar a cabo una reconstrucción adecuada del contenido y concepto del mismo, así como un presupuesto para la determinación del significado de su garantía establecida por el artículo 58 párr. 1 frase 1 de la Constitución colombiana. Las transformaciones actuales de la sociedad, la proliferación de formas de propiedad privada difícilmente reconducibles al esquema tradicional del Código Civil y el reconocimiento de los notables poderes de intervención sobre el derecho previstas por el texto constitucional como formas de asegurar la tutela del interés general elevan esta exigencia y demandan llevar a cabo esta labor. No de otra forma resulta posible asegurar tanto una base constitucional común a todas las relaciones entre el Estado, los particulares y lo adquirido por ellos, que al tiempo que formaliza su sometimiento a los poderes de injerencia estatal en este ámbito, racionaliza estos poderes y hace operativa la idea de garantía del derecho proclamada en la Constitución.