Hasil untuk "Cartography"

Moussa Sow

La préservation des forêts de mangroves est devenue cruciale face à la variabilité climatique croissante, offrant des avantages écologiques et socioéconomiques. Malgré leur rôle vital dans la protection côtière, ces écosystèmes subissent une régression due à des facteurs naturels et humains, tels que la surexploitation des ressources et l'urbanisation. Au Sénégal, la mangrove est menacée par les sécheresses, l'augmentation des températures et les pressions anthropiques. Cette étude vise à cartographier l'évolution de la mangrove dans le delta du Saloum depuis les années 70, mettant en lumière les impacts de l’évolution pluviométrique sur cet écosystème. Les résultats indiquent une augmentation significative des zones de mangrove, passant de 44 081,07 ha (18,81% de la surface totale) en 1985 à 47 252,74 ha (20,17%) en 2002, puis à 59 298 ha (25,31%) en 2022. La croissance de la mangrove est favorisée par l'amélioration des conditions pluviométriques, conjuguée à des mesures de protection. Les moyennes des précipitations sur la période sont évaluées à 620 mm pour Foundiougne et 787 mm pour Toubacouta, enregistrant une augmentation respective de +10,79% et +7,67%.

Shouhang Du, Shaoyu Wang, Yuhao Hua et al.

Shantytowns, characterized by poor living conditions and simple houses, necessitate efficient extraction and analysis for urban planning. This paper proposes a multi-scale and global-local information interactive attention transformer (MGLI-Former) for shantytown extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images. First, the multi-level feature fusion block (MLFFB) integrates neighborhood encoding features to prevent the loss of small-target shantytowns. Second, joint global and local information transformer blocks (JGLB) effectively combine global and local features. Finally, boundary and feature joint optimization loss (BF-Loss) refines the output by edges and high-level semantics. Experiments in Beijing and Shanghai demonstrate the MGLI-Former achieved optimal visual and quantitative extraction evaluations. The F1-score, IoU, Precision, and Recall are 86.92%, 76.87%, 86.84%, 87.01% and 72.33%, 56.66%, 69.29%, 75.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the use of UIS-Shenzhen datasets and fine-tuning experiments with mixed datasets further validate the robustness and generalization capabilities of MGLI-Former. Moreover, spatial and landscape patterns of shantytowns in Beijing and Shanghai reveal: (1) Beijing’s shantytowns radiate uniformly from the old city center, whereas Shanghai exhibits a multi-core diffusion pattern. (2) Shanghai's shantytown distribution is clustered, while Beijing's shantytown distribution is more uniform. MGLI-Former demonstrates the potential for extracting shantytowns and has significant urban planning and management implications.

Bart Roelofs, Gerd Weitkamp

Cartography, or geographical visualization of disease is an essential aspect of the field of GeoHealth, yet there is limited guidance on the visualization of spatiotemporal disease maps. In order to adequately contribute to understanding disease outbreaks, disease maps should be crafted carefully and according to relevant cartographic guidelines. This article aims to increase the understanding of space-time visualization techniques that are relevant to the field of GeoHealth, by providing a step-by-step framework for the creation of space-time disease visualizations. This study introduces a systematic approach to spatiotemporal disease mapping by integrating operations from the Generalized Space Time Cube (GSTC) Framework with established cartographic symbology guidelines. This resulted in an overview table that contains both the relevant GSTC operations and cartographic guidelines, as well as a step-by-step procedure that guides users through the process of creating informative spatiotemporal disease maps. The practical application of this step-by-step procedure is demonstrated with an example using Dutch COVID-19 data. By providing a clear, practical step by step procedure, this study enhances the capacity of public health professionals, policymakers, and researchers to monitor, understand, and respond to the spatial and temporal dynamics of diseases.

Skrycki Radosław

The subject of this analysis is Georg Freudenhammer’s map of Palatinatus Posnaniensis, editions of which were published by all major publishing houses of the 17th century: the Blaeu family, Janssonius, Schenk/Valk or Janssonius van Waesbergen. The formerly unknown first state was dedicated to the new Queen of Poland, Louise Marie Gonzaga. The author hypothesises that it was probably a gift from the author of the map, who participated in Krzysztof Opaliński’s envoy to the future queen. The speed at which this work was produced did not allow for its final completion, so in the later state of the map, a number of additions were made, the addressee of the dedication was changed, and the text of the royal privilege to print it was added. Several features indicate that Freudenhammer’s original intention was changed over time, and the new addressee of the work became the author’s employer and mentor – Krzysztof Opaliński.

Alain L’Hostis, Farouk Abdou

Geographical time-spaces exhibit a series of properties, including space inversion, that turns any representation effort into a complex task. In order to improve the legibility of the representation and leveraging the advances of three-dimensional computer graphics, the aim of the study is to propose a new method extending time-space relief cartography introduced by Mathis and L’Hostis. The novelty of the model resides in the use of cones to describing the terrestrial surface instead of graph faces, and in the use of curves instead of broken segments for edges. We implement the model on the Chinese space. The Chinese geographical time-space of reference year 2006 is produced by the combination and the confrontation of the fast air transport system and of the 7.5-times slower road transport system. Slower, short range flights are represented as curved lines above the earth surface with longer length than the geodesic, in order to account for a slower speed. The very steep slope of cones expresses the relative difficulty of crossing terrestrial time-space, as well as the comparably extreme efficiency of long-range flights for moving between cities. Finally, the whole image proposes a coherent representation of the geographical time-space where fast city-to-city transport is combined with slow terrestrial systems that allow one to reach any location.

Ya-Han Chuang

This article highlights how the emergence of trading routes between China and Hungary after 1989 has contributed to the urban transformation of Budapest. Initiated by migrant entrepreneurs arriving in a new economic context, and in response to a lack of everyday household products, the Chinese traders’ spatial practices have evolved through three stages: they started with the rehabilitation of contaminated land within deindustrialized areas; they continued by redistributing the lands’ usage rights via an emerging community of property actors and tenants; finally, they constructed modern showrooms dedicated for use by the wholesale sector. While increasing the land value through real-estate operations and management, the entrepreneurs also sought to cope with the aesthetic norms of urban renewal policy. By analyzing their spatial practices through a longitudinal perspective of thirty years, the article contributes to the study of economic globalization and urban transformation via a rare example of post-socialist cities.

Barry J Kronenfeld, Barbara P. Buttenfield, Lawrence V. Stanislawski

Generalization of geospatial data is a cornerstone of cartography, a sequence of often unnoticed operations that lays the foundation of visual communication [...]

Marina Kolinko

The article presents a philosophical reflection of the Other within the context of space “cosmisation”. The topological methodology suggests the analysis of semantic structures in spatial relation of subjects and their environment. It also assigns the cartography of differentiation relationships inside the humankind and in humankind’s search of its own place in the space universe. There have been found algorithms for the topology of relations with the Other in anthropological and cultural aspects. The authors have highlighted the importance of searching for algorithms of communicative and diplomatic protocols of the interaction of the humankind with the principally Other (animal, artificial, space worlds). An analytical instrument for distinguishing the specific forms of interaction became an abstract Alien by Georg Simmel. The Other articulates the relations of distance: it does not go ahead, but it does not fully overpower the freedom of coming and going. The paper proves the necessity of marginality of the Other for activating and renewing the relationships inside the homeworld and relationships between different worlds.

Jabłonowski Jakub, Gołębiowska Izabela

The Authors present the results of the multicriterial evaluation in 14 official map services of Capital City of Warsaw. The evaluation has been conducted in 2018 on two levels: in relation to all websites jointly (score according to one criterion) and individual mapping services (evaluation according to three criteria). The obtained results have been compared to previous analyzes of geoportals at various levels, including regional and state-owned. The Warsaw map service falls in a satisfactory manner, achieving a comparable or slightly higher rating than those previously analyzed by other authors.

Priscila L. Silva, Vinicius G Sperandio, Larissa F. Rodrigues et al.

A informação geográfica é utilizada constantemente no processo de tomada de decisão relacionado a problemas geoespaciais. Com a disseminação da tecnologia de informação na sociedade, a geração de dados espaciais por meio do mapeamento baseado em Informação Geográfica Voluntária (VGI) supera os procedimentos convencionais de mapeamento em termos de custo, qualidade temática e simplicidade. Este artigo é o primeiro a considerar o uso de VGI e programas gratuitos para elaborar bases cartográficas com alta acurácia temática e temporal, sendo um bom primeiro passo para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nesta área. Os resultados experimentais mostram o potencial da VGI como uma ferramenta para auxiliar gestores municipais no processo de decisão baseado em análises espaciais, permitindo uma melhor utilização dos recursos públicos, aumento da qualidade dos serviços oferecidos aos cidadãos e redução dos custos operacionais da administração pública.

Landry KEVIS KOSSI

Dans le massif  forestier du Sud-ouest de la République Centrafricaine, la terre  représente,  une  richesse inaliénable pour les peuples autochtones Aka. C’est de la terre,  que les Aka communément appelés pygmées,  tirent l’essentiel  de leurs  subsistances. Raison pour laquelle, les ressources foncières  ont fait l’objet d’attention particulière de ces  premiers occupants   du terroir, qui les ont régies par des normes juridico traditionnelles. Ces règles, quoique  fondées sur l’oralité, requiert  une valeur juridique, dont l’observance s’impose à toute la communauté. L’accession à l’indépendance, a introduit d’autres modes d’accès au foncier, caractérisés par la mise en valeur des espaces dits domaniaux et appartenant à l’Etat.Il ressort de l’étude, que le multi-juridisme a bouleversé les systèmes de gestion foncière des peuples autochtones Aka, posant ainsi, un problème de gouvernance foncière, ponctuée par une dialectique perpétuelle entre le coutumier et le moderne.

Sami Charfi, Salem Dahech

Tunis, with a population of 2.7 million, is located south of the Mediterranean Sea. Its topography and shape impacts its urban thermal field. Meteorological records given by network stations and mobile surveys have highlighted a multitude of parameters that explain the spatial variability of air temperature. In addition, modelling and satellite images were used to estimate the values in areas without observations. Night-time situations were simulated and validated by brightness temperatures given by satellite image. The determination coefficient of the statistical model reaches 0.9 at night.

Subir Chowdhury, Dennis K. Chao, Todd C. Shipman et al.

Land use and land cover (LULC) change detection associated with oil and gas activities plays an important role in effective sustainable management practices, compliance monitoring, and reclamation assessment. In this study, a mapping methodology is presented for quantifying pre- and post-disturbance LULC types with annual Landsat Best-Available-Pixel multispectral data from 2005 to 2013. Annual LULC and land disturbance maps were produced for one of the major conventional oil and gas production areas in West-Central Alberta with an accuracy of 78% and 87%, respectively. The highest rate of vegetation loss (178 km2/year) was observed in coniferous forest compared to broadleaf forest, mixed forest, and native vegetation. Integration of ancillary oil and gas geospatial data with annual land disturbances indicated that less than 20% of the total land disturbances were attributable to oil and gas activities. In 2013, approximately 44% of oil and gas disturbances from 2005 to 2013 showed evidence of vegetation recovery. In the future, geospatial data related to wildfire, logging activities, insect defoliation, and other natural and anthropogenic factors can be integrated to quantify other causes of land disturbances.

Marco Fermi

Il sistema GPS per il rilievo e la gestione del territorio

Tretiak Anton, Tretiak Natalia

Modern transformations prevailing inUkrainein the sphere of land relations and the use and protection of land are critical and require changes without final rozrushennya existing system of land management, the reform and a new understanding of the nature and forms of modern land management. Given that land management is a fundamental mechanism for land management and land use, in our opinion its reform and development should be seen in close relationship with the development of management system. Problems in the theory of management of land resources, especially its main land managers in different socio-economic communities is extremely important because the efficiency of its operation is not the most important in the economic relations of land ownership. However, for more than 25 years the implementation of land reform inUkrainegovernment has not decided as of model management and land management systems. Functioning system of land management and land use inUkraineon a "top - down" is derived from the authoritarian system of the state, theSoviet Unionand there is not a market. Similarly unchanged system of land management, which is why the task was made research its current state for further scientific studies integrated management system. It is studied modern land management in Ukraine and proved the concept and essence of contemporary land in Ukraine as a multifunctional system, which requires besides the concepts of "social land management", "economy of land", "legal land management", "technical land management", such as "environmental land management", " innovation in land management", "cadastral land management", "ecological and economic land management". A new concept of land as the overall socio-economic, environmental measures and organizational, legal and technical actions aimed at regulating land relations and rational organization of the territory of the administrative-territorial entities, entities committed under the influence of social and industrial relations and the development of productive forces.

Weihua Dong, Hua Liao, Fang Xu et al.

R. Tally

David Carral, S. Scheider, K. Janowicz et al.

P. Kubíček, J. Kozel, R. Štampach et al.

V. Poulain, J. Inglada, M. Spigai et al.

This paper addresses the issue of cartographic database (DB) creation or updating using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar and optical images. In cartographic applications, objects of interest are mainly buildings and roads. This paper proposes a processing chain to create or update building DBs. The approach is composed of two steps. First, if a DB is available, the presence of each DB object is checked in the images. Then, we verify if objects coming from an image segmentation should be included in the DB. To do those two steps, relevant features are extracted from images in the neighborhood of the considered object. The object removal/inclusion in the DB is based on a score obtained by the fusion of features in the framework of Dempster-Shafer evidence theory.