Hasil untuk "Transportation and communication"

Oshin Rawlley, Shashank Gupta, Jatin Kumar Panwar et al.

Sulekha Pateriya, Shuvabrata Bandopadhaya

The development of cutting-edge vehicle communication technology targeted at enhancing road safety, traffic efficiency, and autonomous mobility has been expedited by the emergence of intelligent transportation systems. Direct wireless connection between vehicles is made possible via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, which speeds up the exchange of vital safety data like speed, trajectory, braking status, and road conditions. By incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into V2V networks, predictive skills are improved, enabling cars to foresee possible risks and react proactively as opposed to reactively.With an emphasis on its operational architecture, supporting technologies, recent research advancements, and future network paradigms, this study provides a thorough scientific overview of V2V communication. The report demonstrates how next-generation wireless technologies, edge computing, and AI-driven analytics are converting vehicle networks into intelligent safety ecosystems. Important issues are also looked at, such as interoperability, scalability, cyber security hazards, and latency limitations. The study comes to the conclusion that AI-enabled V2V communication will be a key component of completely autonomous and accident-free transportation systems.

V.B. Murali Krishna, Hossein Fotouhi, Rajesh Cheruku et al.

The transition to truly smart cities demands more than layered technologies; it requires convergent intelligence that unifies physical sensing, adaptive control, and ethical security. This editorial paper brief about the special issue entitled “Measurement, Control and Security of Systems for Smart Cities”. As smart cities are among the most active research areas, the call for papers for this special issue, “VSI: Systems for Smart Cities” attracted a wide range of manuscripts spanning multiple disciplines, including Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communication Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Urban Construction, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Cybersecurity, and Renewable Energy etc. Notably, authors from 16 different countries, including Algeria, Chile, China, Egypt, England, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Jordan, Kosovo, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates have contributed their research articles. In this editorial, we synthesize insights from all 30 published articles to present a holistic vision of next-generation urban ecosystems. Together, these works span renewable energy, structural health, healthcare, transportation, noise pollution, public space, and data security, these works collectively redefine what it means to build intelligent infrastructure that is sustainable, equitable, resilient, and trustworthy. We organize these advances around three interwoven pillars: (1) Measurement for Awareness, (2) Control for Adaptation, and (3) Security and Ethics for Trust-and demonstrate how fractional-order controllers, lightweight crack detectors, edge-based triage systems, multimodal transport models, and secure data-mining frameworks all contribute to a human-centered urban future. This synthesis serves as both a technical roadmap and a philosophical compass for the responsible evolution of smart cities.

Ryhor Miniankou, Aliaksandr Puptsau

Elisa Vieira, Larissa Tomaz, José Leitão et al.

<i>Background</i>: Due to the highly competitive nature of the retail sector, companies need to improve their operational efficiency. This study focuses on the application of the concepts of Lean production in the process of replenishing products on the shelves of the shops of one of the largest food retail chains in Portugal. <i>Methods</i>: This study aims to apply a transition from a “push” to a “pull” approach, based on real-time consumption. During a 5-day test, the impacts of implementing Lean principles and ergonomic trolleys in the process were investigated. <i>Results</i>: The test led to improved efficiency in product replenishment by eliminating pallets and reducing unfavourable product handling from the initial process. The implementation of a replenishment system in this manner allowed a reduced labour requirements from 28.4 to 19.2 man-hours per day and, the elimination of unnecessary handling and increase of product availability were reflected in gains on operational time and in replenishment time. <i>Conclusions</i>: This study provides empirical evidence for the effectiveness of Lean pull systems in retail replenishment, demonstrating a 32% reduction in labour hours.

Shanmathi Shanmuganathan, Malathi Kanagasabai, M. Gulam Nabi Alsath et al.

Abstract This paper presents a low-profile antenna that operates in the sub-1 GHz and intelligent transportation system (ITS) bands for vehicular communications. The antenna consists of a square patch and a full ground plane, which provide structural stability, reduce cross-polarized radiation, and prevent deformations. The proposed antenna features fan-shaped slots in the square patch in the first and third quadrants, while the second and fourth quadrants use slotted rectangular rings to limit current flow. The antenna operates at frequencies of 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, and 5.9 GHz, which are useful for dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and cellular-vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications. The designed automotive antenna has gain values of 0.76 dBi, 0.94 dBi, 1.1 dBi, 1.4 dBi, and 8 dBi in the 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, and 5.9 GHz bands, respectively. While higher frequencies concentrate on data heavy and low latency systems, the sub-1 GHz band offers long range and stable communication for automotive applications. Also, the proposed antenna is placed on the CAD model of the car, and an on-vehicle analysis is performed. On-vehicle testing promises that the designed antenna provides stable and dependable connectivity for vehicular communication applications.

İlkem Ceren Sığırtmaç, Ceyhun Türkmen, Tuğba Arslan et al.

Purpose: This qualitative study examines the experiences of both disabled and non-disabled individuals within a university setting, illuminating their unique challenges and underscoring the necessity for more inclusive practices. Material and method: Insights were gathered from 28 participants, including 12 diagnosed and 16 non-diagnosed individuals, during the "1st Barrier-Free Afternoon Tea Event." Semi-structured interviews were employed to reveal the shared and distinct barriers faced by both groups. Results: Individuals with disabilities primarily struggled with physical accessibility issues, while non-disabled participants expressed concerns regarding social adaptation and transportation difficulties. Notably, both groups reported communication challenges with administrative staff, albeit in different ways. Disabled individuals highlighted the need for enhanced academic services and improved campus accessibility through dedicated support units. In contrast, non-disabled participants sought broader university support and a wider range of activities. Conclusion: The study notably highlighted a shared willingness among both groups to contribute their unique talents towards fostering a more inclusive environment. This finding underscores the critical importance of comprehensive and inclusive approaches in higher education. By implementing these changes, universities can create a welcoming and equitable learning environment that embraces the diverse experiences and contributions of all community members.

Rojin Vafaei, MohammadReza Gholamian, Marzieh Marzieh Sedaghat Seyed Abadi

The railway industry in Iran is one of the country's oldest transport sectors. Over recent decades, efforts have been made to improve its infrastructure, such as connecting major freight hubs to the national rail network, shifting freight transport from road to rail. However, despite its key role in the national logistics system, limited progress has been achieved in modernizing the rolling stock and implementing precise and mechanized loading/unloading operations. This has resulted in resource inefficiencies, loss of freight, and declining confidence among cargo owners in the railway system. Additionally, from an environmental standpoint, inadequate waste and wastewater treatment systems have raised concerns about long-term ecological impacts. Circular economy principles seek to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability by reintegrating recycled materials into production cycles and minimizing ecological degradation. In this study, a network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) model incorporating a centralized structure and cooperative game theory is developed to assess the circular economy performance of railway maintenance companies. The proposed model comprises two interconnected subsystems: the production subsystem, which includes rolling stock washing and repair, and the treatment subsystem, responsible for processing the wastewater and industrial waste produced by the first subsystem. By applying a cooperative game approach, the model enables efficiency evaluation of both subsystems under a unified framework. The proposed methodology is applied to the performance evaluation of Iranian railway maintenance companies during the period 2020–2024 (1399–1403 in the Iranian calendar). The results help identify efficient and inefficient units, offering strategic insights to enhance overall system performance toward best-practice benchmarks.

Bhuvaneshwari A. J, Kaythry P., Kishore R. et al.

Abstract Secure vehicular communication is important in sustaining secure and effective transportation infrastructures. Advances in the Vehicular Internet of Things (VIoT) technology enable communication among vehicles as well as roadside facilities, offering effective traffic flow and security control. However, the vehicular networks are exposed to increased risks from cyberattacks, particularly from incoming quantum computers with the ability to interpret out-of-date conventional codes. This paper proposes a security solution based on post-quantum cryptography (PQC), which enhances Ascon encryption by adding quantum-proof key exchange. This method ensures secure authentication and protects against replay, sybil, collision, phishing, and man-in-the-middle attacks. A 32-bit Ascon hash coupled with SHA-512 provides data integrity. Investigations on resource-constrained vehicular environments confirm that the new scheme provides better performance, producing 128–512-bit keys in microseconds, much quicker than Kyber and Falcon. It also outperforms Ascon in hash rendering speed, completing a 256 × 256 grayscale image in 0.0782s, compared to 0.822s for standard Ascon, thereby emphasizing its ability to provide secure, immediate communication between vehicles in scenarios sensitive to quantum technologies. These observations show that the suggested approach is strongly secure and computationally efficient, and hence it is suitable for protecting future connected and autonomous vehicles from cyberattacks in the quantum era.

Mykola Karpenko, Olegas Prentkovskis, Paulius Skačkauskas

BAI Jinlei, WANG Yue, JIANG Fan et al.

The virtual coupling technology of trains significantly improves the transportation capacity of railway lines, making it a research hotspot among emerging technologies in the rail transit industry. Its key technical feature lies in a new safety braking model developed based on the concept of "dynamic tracking". However, existing research only addresses boundary issues such as emergency braking and minimum headways, lacking applicability in the context of heavy-haul trains, due to the absence of solutions for complex track conditions, strong dispersion in air braking capability, and other unfavorable factors. This paper presents a multi-mass safety braking model specifically for heavy-haul trains, based on the random distribution of parameters, to solve these challenges. Initially, a multi-mass dynamics analysis of trains was conducted based on the topological structure of the virtual coupling system of trains, leading to the establishment of a coupler-draft gear model. Subsequently, a safety braking model for heavy-haul trains was designed by referencing the safety model of the communication-based train control system (CBTC). This model was then utilized for simulation analysis, where technical indexes were evaluated from the perspective of longitudinal dynamics stability, corresponding to different fail-safe measures taken on following trains. In addition, the characteristics of the distribution function for safe braking distances were analyzed in relation to the random variation of typical parameters. Furthermore, verification was performed through the kinematic simulations of trains. Results showed that the proposed model resulted in greatly shortened headways below 1.4 km while improving the safety confidence by about 1 for trains, demonstrating its efficacy in improving both the efficiency and safety of train transportation.

Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Sajid Farooq, Tariq Shahzad et al.

In the recent era, the practical implementation of Autonomous Vehicular Networks (AVNs) with the vulnerable Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication of autonomous vehicles and inadequate intelligent decision-making systems has become a primary concern in smart city mobility. This has led to the traffic congestion concerns such as time wastage, compromised safety, decreased durability and reliability of transportation infrastructure and V2V communication short delay and Roadside Units (RSUs), and reduced traffic flow. To address these issues, secure AVN communication and smart decision-making for autonomous vehicles in smart cities are of utmost importance. It ensures safety on roads, durability of the infrastructure, transparency, reliability, traffic congestion reduction and transportation efficiency. MapReduce is a reliable distributed computing paradigm which is able to analyze and process enormous AVN data in parallel. It contributes to smoother traffic flow by identifying the patterns and providing actionable insights for real-time decision making to decrease congestion. A private blockchain AVN can efficiently solve the problems of data security and reliability by providing tamper-proof record of all the transactions, hence enhancing reliability, and also offering a trusted solution of unauthorized access in real-time V2V communication. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) which is an efficient way to analyze fairness in traffic data over time providing transparency and availability of intricate traffic patterns, improving real-time traffic management with V2V communication and RSUs and reducing short delays that may occur as well as enabling traffic flow and the development of predictive traffic models that assist in decision making. This research proposed an XAI-based transparent model integrating MapReduce for processing large amounts of data and private blockchain technology for secured and tamper-proof vehicular communication. This proposed model is a promising solution for addressing the AVN data security issues and reliability of the system, mitigating negative effects of traffic congestion, and improving the transparency of decision making on the transport efficiency in smart cities. The proposed model provides a better performance than the previous approaches and gets 96% of the accuracy and 4% of miss rate.

Maciej Mazur, Jacek Dybała, Aldona Kluczek

With the upcoming implementation of the amendment to Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council, from 2035 there will be a ban on the registration of new vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) in the Member States of the European Union (EU). Consequently, changes in the transportation sector, resulting from the increasing use of electric vehicles, appear to be inevitable. According to the adopted legal acts, the European Union Member States will be obliged to develop, among others, a charging infrastructure and access to public charging stations for electric vehicles. As a result, there will be a need to ensure a significant increase in the power and the number of charging stations and to determine their appropriate location. The article presents the challenges faced by charging station operators and difficulties related to the further development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland. The still poorly developed public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, especially in service areas located along the main communication routes, remains the main obstacle to the development of electromobility. In the context of legal, financial, technological, and organizational challenges, the problem of the proper distribution of electric vehicle charging stations along the main communication routes is therefore of particular importance. The aim of the article is to present a new, proprietary method for determining the location of electric vehicle charging stations in Poland within the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), which considers objective location factors: adherence to AFIR requirements, the specificity of the Polish power system and existing parking infrastructure. As a result of using the developed method, a list of 188 recommended locations for the construction of electric vehicle charging stations in Poland along the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) was created. It has been shown in this way that the use of the presented method enables the suitable determination of the location of electric vehicle charging stations along transport routes, considering legal, financial, and technological requirements, which will significantly facilitate the operation of zero-emission transport.

Alessia Giulianetti, Marco Gotelli, Anna Sciomachen

<i>Background</i>: We focus on the inland rail forwarding of import containers from a marine terminal. Specifically, we present a discrete-event simulation study related to container-loading operations by train, evaluating different train departure policies within a predetermined schedule based on the capacity of the rail network. The aim is threefold: manage more containers shipped by train, improve terminal operational efficiency, and increase the rail share. <i>Methods</i>: The proposed procedures take full advantage of the digitization and visualization of data currently present in the terminal with the aim of improving the performance indices of interest, thereby increasing the terminal‘s operational efficiency. We evaluate the medium- and long-term impact of alternative strategies on container dwell times and the possible increase in the number of containers shipped by train. <i>Results</i>: The computational tests are performed with data from a terminal in the port of Genoa (Italy). The results show the relationships between train departure management policies and train departure distributions. The number of departing trains, cancelled trains, and trains departing with load percentages below 70% is studied. Average loads per train and estimated delays are also analyzed. <i>Conclusions:</i> It is noted that the results, which can be obtained with data from any terminal, are of great importance for optimizing operational management, offering practical solutions to improve efficiency and reduce container downtime.

Veronika Reichenberger, Maria Eduarda Lima de Carvalho, Tom Shakespeare et al.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate perspectives of people with disabilities in Brazil regarding the access to primary healthcare. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 44 individuals with disabilities in Pernambuco, Distrito Federal, and São Paulo between March 2020 and November 2021. These interviews were transcribed, coded, and analysed thematically, using the Levesque framework to identify healthcare access barriers. RESULTS Participants expressed a solid understanding of their healthcare needs and existing obstacles. However, individuals with hearing and visual impairments experience challenges because of communication barriers. In Pernambuco, the Community Health Agent was often the initial point of contact for primary care services. Public transportation lacked accessibility, from buses to driver attitudes, posing difficulties for people with disabilities. More accessible transportation and improved urban infrastructure could enhance service access. High medication costs were reported due to limited healthcare unit availability. Communication accessibility issues, inadequate audio-visual resources and equipment were also identified as barriers. Attitudinal barriers among healthcare professionals and subpar home visit services further hinder access. CONCLUSION To address these challenges and improve the well-being of individuals with disabilities in Brazil, comprehensive action is essential. This includes leadership, governance, and resource allocation reforms to meet healthcare needs. Initiatives like disability-focused training for service providers, enhanced transportation options, improved information accessibility, and increased support from community healthcare workers can collectively enhance the lives of people with disabilities.

Z. A. Dadabaeva, E. A. Savicheva

Digitalization of the economy is proclaimed as a main target by  all countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The official authorities are doing a lot  but  despite the efforts being made, the goals  have not been fully achieved. It is especially sensitive for traffic flows, which in modern geopolitical realities acquire a special role in the world trade operations. The EAEU countries started transition to modern technologies long before the events in 2022. The main aim was not only to create conditions for economic growth (reducing the terms of passenger and freight transportation, simplifying transit through the EAEU, reducing financial costs, creating a barrier-free trading environment), but also increasing the attractiveness of the economic union for other states.Currently, digitalization processes have an impact on integration processes, determining the future of export-import operations. Building effective and technological supply chains increases the transport transit potential of the EAEU and its neighboring states, creates conditions for the implementation of large projects to modernize the transport infrastructure. The analysis of the state and role of information and communication technologies in the movement of goods inside and outside the EAEU, along existing and new logistics corridors, undertaken in the article, showed that the countries of the Union continue to create favorable conditions for business, gradually erasing the borders between states at the digital level, reducing the existing restrictions.

Valery Lukinskiy, Vladislav Lukinskiy, Darya Bazhina et al.

Julia Kleineidam

<i>Background</i>: Food loss management (FLM), which is discussed at length in the literature, lacks a scientific basis on which to determine the current engagement of actors in the food value chain and what is relevant to derive appropriate measures according to the circumstances in the organisations concerned. Therefore, this paper aims to derive patterns by which the engagement of actors can be distinguished and, on this basis, to make recommendations for further action. <i>Methods</i>: Based on an online survey of 40 participants, a clustering analysis was conducted using the unsupervised learning method and hierarchical clustering (R and R Studio). <i>Results</i>: Five clusters representing different profiles were derived, showing how actors in the food value chain have addressed FLM in the past. The derived profiles do not represent stages of development but rather characteristics of organisations that have addressed FLM in a certain way in the past. <i>Conclusions</i>: For the five organisational profiles, recommendations for action were given for further engagement with FLM. As the level of engagement with FLM increases, organisations should tackle increasingly complex measures to reduce food losses. At the same time, a shift in measures from the tactical to the strategic planning level was derived.

Wang Lei, Zhu Datong, Gao Shenghan et al.

Due to the particularity of raw materials and the complexity of processes, the petroleum and petrochemical industry involves a variety of disaster risks in production, transportation, storage and etc. However, there are three barriers in the emergency rescue of the petroleum and petrochemical industry, scene separation, data isolation and inefficient coordination. No matter the application of existing technology or the proposed method and concept, the situation cannot be broken quickly. By analyzing these problems existing in 5G communication technology, artificial intelligence and petroleum and petrochemical emergency rescue, this paper puts forward the concept of petroleum and petrochemical remote collaborative emergency technology, analyzes the development trend of remote collaborative emergency technology, and prospects the petroleum and petrochemical emergency rescue technology.

Irina Makarova, Aleksey Boyko, Anton Pashkevich et al.