Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Yang Huang, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Farah Syazwani Shahar et al.

Hybrid fiber-reinforced composites are gaining prominence in engineering for their lightweight, high-strength, and eco-friendly potential. This study explores the performance of sustainable hybrid kenaf/flax/glass fiber composites in marine environments. Natural fibers like kenaf and flax offer renewable, biodegradable alternatives to synthetic reinforcements, reducing environmental impact. Three five-layer stacking sequences, namely, GKKKG, GKFKG, and GFKFG were fabricated using hand lay-up and vacuum bagging methods, then exposed to seawater for 50 days. Specimens were tested as per ASTM standards using Izod impact, Shore D hardness, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Among the configurations, GFKFG demonstrated superior durability, with minimal degradation in impact strength (18.2%), energy absorption (12.7%), and hardness (2.3%). TGA results showed aged samples retained slightly higher residual mass and exhibited delayed, less intense thermal peaks. DMA revealed GFKFG had the highest storage modulus, while GKFKG showed the best damping behavior. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid natural/synthetic fiber composites especially GFKFG as sustainable alternatives for marine applications, combining mechanical resilience with reduced ecological footprint.

Rex Lam, Scott Cray, Sam Dietterich et al.

We present millimeter and sub-millimeter room temperature transmission and loss measurements of 3D printed alumina disc and of a disc with one-sided 3D printed sub-wavelength structures anti-reflection coatings (SWS-ARC). For four bands spanning 158 - 700~GHz we find an index of refraction consistent with $n= 3.107 \pm 0.007$. The loss over the entire frequency band between 158~GHz and 700~GHz spans $ 1 \cdot 10^{-3} \leq \tan δ\leq 2.49 \cdot 10^{-3}$ with 10%-30% uncertainty at the lower range of frequencies shrinking to $\sim\!2\%$ at the higher frequencies. As expected, constructive and destructive interference fringes that are apparent with the flat disc data are absent with the disc that has SWS-ARC. The measured data are consistent with finite element analysis predictions that are based on the measured shape of the SWS. At frequencies between 158~GHz and 200~GHz, below the onset of diffraction effects, reflectance is reduced from a maximum of 64% to about 25%, closely matching predictions. These measurements of the index, loss, and SWS-ARC of 3D printed alumina suggest that the material and fabrication technique could be useful for astrophysical applications.

Rubaiyat Islam, Kazi Sirajul Islam, Niloy Chowdhury et al.

Nanotechnology, deals with materials on the order of 100 nm, has been showing immense potential for the last four decades. Precise manipulation and stringent control on structure of materials allows nanomaterials to have unique characteristics. The versatility of electrospinning has resulted in the development of techniques such as melt, coaxial, needleless, single and multi-needle, wet, solution and hybrid methods, which produce nanofibers with diverse applications in biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, drug delivery, filtration, protective clothing, and energy systems. Some key factors, like polymer molecular weight, temperature, humidity, electric field strength, and viscoelasticity, are important parameters in electrospinning, and they affect fiber morphology, diameter, and quality. Again, electrospinning faces some barriers like scalability issues, irreproducibility, solvent toxicity, frequent needle clogging, adhesion issues, mechanical inconsistencies, etc. This comprehensive review aims to discuss various methods of electrospinning in relation to nanofiber production. It also discussed a brief history of the development of electrospinning. Again, it covers the effect of factors on the properties and morphology of electrospun nanofibers. Moreover, this review illustrates merits, and drawbacks of producing nanofibers through electrospinning. Although there are several solutions in practice to mitigate some of the limitations, but there are room for further research. Lastly, it covers the current and potential utilization of electrospun nanofibers.

Matthew J. Silverstein, Yasashri Ranathunga, Yuki Kobayashi

We present a 3D-printing-based design to produce wire-guided liquid microfilms that can be used for versatile spectroscopic applications. We demonstrate the ability of our instrument to provide optically useful liquid microfilms with highly tunable thicknesses over the range 25 - 180 $μ$m, with standard temporal thickness deviation less than 1.0% on the low end of the range of flow rates, and spatially homogeneous microfilms that remain stable over the course of ten hours. We then show the device's versatility through its use in Raman, fluorescence, and nonlinear spectroscopy. Our approach is highly reproducible as a unique advantage of a 3D-printed enclosure and limited other components. The 3D-printable file for the enclosure is included in the supplementary materials. This innovation in design shows the feasibility of applying 3D-printing to physical and chemical instrumentation for faster adoption of experimental techniques.

Vineet Kumar, Niklas V. Lausti, Jiří Hajnyš et al.

We demonstrate the ultra-high vacuum compatibility of a microwave-driven electron trap and an atomic oven (for atomic beam generation) fabricated through 3D printing via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). The trap integrates into a coaxial microwave cavity, enabling stable, narrow-band, high-amplitude oscillations of the electric field at the electrodes. The design also supports simultaneous trapping of ions. The oven performs well in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environments without significant outgassing. In addition to achieving the UHV regime for 3D-printed components, pressure variations and their potential impact on electron-ion trapping experiments were investigated over a month. Our results show that experiments with electrons photodetached from trapped and laser-cooled ions are feasible with the trap and oven manufactured by the L-PBF method. These findings establish a foundation for future experiments in microwave detection and the study of low-energy ion-electron interactions at room temperature.

Zaheer Ahmed Dayo, Jiang Guosong, Mohamed A. El-Tayeb et al.

Kamonwan Tachai, Aree Deenu, Suthaphat Kamthai

Bagasse is a type of bast fiber obtained from agricultural waste. It is a suitable material for producing cellulose derivatives, specifically as a DCMC crosslinking agent. The optimal synthesized conditions of dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMCB) from the elemental chloride-free (ECF) bleached bagasse pulp were evaluated, including the concentration of bagasse carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCB) at 3% and 6% (w/v), the sodium periodate (NaIO4) concentration at 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/v) and the reaction time from 1 to 4 hours. The optimal conditions were characterized based on the DCMCB properties, including production yield, aldehyde content, and degree of oxidation. The optimal conditions for synthesizing DCMCB are a pH of 3.0, a reaction temperature of 35°C, a NaIO4-to-CMCB mass ratio of 1:6, and a reaction time of 2.5 hours. It obtained 97.37% yield and 97.70% aldehyde content. This optimal condition led to a 27.2% significant increase in DCMCB aldehyde content and a 37.5% reduction in reaction time. Various analytical techniques were employed to verify the success of CMCB oxidation and to fully characterize the crystallinity, thermal stability, and structure of DCMCB. CMCB encountered oxidation, resulting in alterations in functional groups and influencing the crystallinity, thermal stability, and structure of DCMCB.

Stephan Passon, Kristian König, Florian Schilling et al.

This paper presents the concept of an ultra-stable, thermally independent precision voltage divider tailored for direct current (DC) voltages up to 60 kV. Key features of this voltage divider include minimal voltage dependence, excellent stability, and resistance to external temperature variations. The innovative approach involves its fabrication using 3D printing technology, allowing easy replication by project partners. This precision voltage divider leverages commercially available precision resistors, drawing upon successful outcomes from the FutureEnergy 19ENG02 and HVDC ENG07 Projects. In these experiments, which involve ion acceleration and laser probing of electronic transitions, voltage dividers are integrated into setups such as COALA (TU Darmstadt), BECOLA (Michigan State University), COLLAPS (CERN/ISOLDE), and ATLANTIS (Argonne National Laboratory). Monitoring the applied acceleration potential, these dividers allow one to consider and counteract long-term drifts and thereby improving measurement accuracy.

Qiang Jiang, Stephanie Atampugre, Yipu Du et al.

Heterogeneous multilayered solid-state electrolyte (HMSSE) has been widely explored for their broadened working voltage range and compatibility with electrodes. However, due to the limitations of traditional manufacturing methods such as casting, the interface between electrolyte layers in HMSSE can decrease the ionic conductivity severely. Here, a novel combinatory aerosol jet printing (CAJP) is introduced to fabricate functionally graded solid-state electrolyte (FGSSE) without sharp interface. Owing to the unique ability of CAJP (in-situ mixing and instantaneous tuning of the mixing ratio), FGSSE with smooth microscale compositional gradation is achieved. Electrochemical tests show that FGSSE has excellent oxidative stability exceeding 5.5 V and improved conductivity (>7 times of an analogous HMSSE). By decoupling the total resistance, we show that the resistance from the electrolyte/electrolyte interface of HMSSE is 5.7 times of the total resistance of FGSSE. The Li/FGSSE/NCM622 cell can be stably run for more than 200 cycles along with improved rate performance.

Nadine C. Bradbury, Barry Y. Li, Tucker Allen et al.

We introduce an individually fitted screened-exchange interaction for the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method and show that it resolves the missing binding energies in polymethine organic dye molecules compared to time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The interaction kernel, which can be thought as a dielectric function, is generated by stochastic fitting to the screened-Coulomb interaction of many-body perturbation theory (MBPT), specific to each system. We test our method on the flavylium (Flav) and indocyanine green (ICG) dye families with a modifiable length of the polymethine bridge, leading to excitations ranging from the visible to short-wave infrared (SWIR). Our approach validates earlier observations on the importance of inclusion of medium range exchange for the exciton binding energy. Our resulting method, TDHF@$v_W$, also achieves a mean absolute error on par with MBPT at a computational cost on par with local-functional TDDFT.

Kairi Takimoto, Kazutomo Nakamura, Peter Njogu et al.

A passive, low-cost, paper-based intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is designed to reflect a signal in a desired direction to overcome non-line-of-sight scenarios in indoor environments. The IRS is fabricated using conductive silver ink printed on a paper with a specific nanoparticle arrangement, yielding a cost effective paper-based IRS that can easily be mass-produced. Full-wave numerical simulation results were consistent with measurements results, demonstrating the IRS's ability to reflect incident wave into a desired nonspecular direction based on the inkjet-printed design and materials.

Brigita Tomšič, Špela Bajrič, Kaja Cergonja et al.

The use of nanomaterials to functionalise textiles offers new opportunities for chemical modification of textile fibres’ surfaces to achieve multifunctional protective properties. In this study, novel coatings were tailored on cotton fabric by embedding a mixture of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) of different molar ratios into a chitosan polymer matrix. The excitation energies of the TiO2+ZnO composites generated in the coatings ranged from 3.20 eV to 3.25 eV, indicating that the photocatalytic performance of the functionalised cotton was driven by UV light. The presence of TiO2+ZnO composites increased the UV protection factor (UPF) of the cotton fabric from 4.2 for the untreated sample to 15–21 for the functionalised samples. The UPF values of the coatings slightly decreased after repeated washing. The ZnO in the TiO2+ZnO composites conferred biocidal activity to the coatings, which were resistant to washing at higher ZnO concentrations. In addition, the TiO2 in the TiO2+ZnO composites was responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic self-cleaning of the functionalised cotton, which was observed during the initial period of illumination at lower ZnO concentrations in the composite. The main advantage of these TiO2+ZnO composite coatings is their multifunctionality, which cannot be provided by single-component TiO2 or ZnO coatings. Moreover, these coatings have wide-ranging practical applications, as they were composed of commercially available nanomaterials and were applied using conventional pad–dry–cure equipment.

Róger Moya, Carolina Tenorio, Allen Puente-Urbina et al.

Pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were biopulped using Trametes versicolor, and the resulting biopulp was bleached with xylanase-enzymatic treatments. The biopulping was extensively described using determinations of fiber morphology, color, chemical composition, extractive content, and thermal stability using the structural characteristics determined by XRD and paper properties. The results showed that the chemical and enzymatic treatments shortened the fiber, almost to 50%, and the Kappa index decreased from 27 to 13. Cellulose and holocellulose contents increased from 65% to 74% and from 86% to 91%, respectively, but extractives, lignin (from 12% to 4%), pentosans (from 25% to 14%) and the crystallinity decreased from 58% to 67% in both chemical bleaching and further xylanase-enzymatic processing. Xylanase-enzymatic processing allowed us to obtain whiter (increased lightness color and decreased redness and yellowness tonality) and heavier paper, even though it presented decreased mechanical properties (decreased stress resistance, rupture length, tear resistance and index longitudinal tearing). The xylanase-enzymatic treatment with the best pulping and paper properties is when the biopulp is treated with a xylanase enzyme concentration of 0.04% (w/w).

Isma Dembri, Ahmed Belaadi, Messaouda Boumaaza et al.

Natural fibers continue to attract the attention of researchers because of their use in reinforced polymer composites. They allow industrial designers to find solutions to aging infrastructure problems more than 50 years after their use in aerospace, automotive, construction, consumer products, etc. These fibers are economical and low density. In fact, in addition to their specific properties, such as non-abrasiveness and biodegradability, they are an ecological material with low environmental impact. Washingtonia Filifera (WF) fiber, among others, is attracting more and more researchers to replace certain fibers such as synthetic or glass fibers, being widely used in the world. This study aims to determine the mechanical parameters of WF fibers with a gauge length (GL = 50 mm) in quasi-static tension. Tensile tests were carried out on 150 fibers in five-test series to determine the influence of their variability on the tensile stress, strain at break and Young’s modulus of plant fibers. Due to the dispersion of the results of the mechanical tensile properties of WF fibers, which is a characteristic of natural fibers, a statistical study is necessary. Thus, statistical tools such as the two and three-parameter Weibull distribution at 95% confidence level (CI) and the one-way analysis of variance ANOVA were carried out to study this dispersion.

Jin Rui, Niu Qiang

Fabric defects seriously affect the textile industry in China. Given that traditional manual detection methods have low efficiency and poor accuracy, using automatic textile defect detection methods is urgently needed. A fabric defect detection method based on an improved generative adversarial network is thus developed to address the shortage of fabric defect samples. This method learns to reconstruct the fabric image in an unsupervised manner and locates the defect areas based on the differences between the original image and the reconstruction. Afterward, the defect-related features are extracted from these areas to further recognize specific fabric defects. The central loss constraint is introduced to improve the recognition performance of this method, and lightweight processing is applied to guarantee its real-time operation in embedded systems. The application of this method is then evaluated on the publicly available Tianchi dataset. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that the proposed method can accurately detect fabric defects.

Subramoniapillai Viju, G. Thilagavathi

One of the major issues associated with the use of plant fibers in composite fabrication is their hydrophilic nature, which leads to poor interfacial interaction between the fibers and matrix. Therefore, it is essential to modify the plant fibers prior to composite fabrication. Several researchers investigated the potential use of chemically treated cellulosic bast fibers such as jute, flax, hemp, ramie, and kenaf in composite development. However, there is another natural bast fiber ‘nettle’, which is least investigated for making biocomposites. In this study, nettle fibers were treated with chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chlorite and the influence of chemical treatment on the characteristics of nettle fibers were investigated. The characteristics of raw and chemically treated nettle fibers were investigated through chemical composition analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and water sorption test. The results showed that the nettle fiber is a potential reinforcement material for composite fabrication.

Yuktisha Rajpoot, Veerender Sharma, Santanu Basak et al.

In this study, environmentally benign calcium borate particles (sub-micron size) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and applied on cotton fabric to impart flame retardant property. Synthesized particles were characterized in details to analyze the particle size distribution, crystal structural and chemical constituents. Henceforth, the prepared calcium borate particles were integrated into cotton fabric by following a suitable process condition. Flame retardant efficacy of the treated fabric was analyzed by using vertical flame test and by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone-calorimetry parameters. Besides, particle add-on % on the treated cotton fabric was also optimized (trade-off between efficacy and physiological handle). Optimized concentration of calcium borate particles treated cotton substrate showed a LOI value of around 29 (control cotton fabric having LOI value of 18) and a significant decrease (75% lower as compared to the virgin cotton fabric) in peak heat release rate. Further, thermo-gravimetric analysis and char morphology of control vs. treated substrate were compared to understand the pyrolysis path and carbonaceous structure of cotton substrate, respectively.

Aminoddin Haji, Maryam Rahimi

With the aim of introducing a new source of natural dye and developing a sustainable coloration process, the dyeing of wool with the leaves of Berberis thunbergii DC was optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that increasing the dye concentration and dyebath temperature increased the color strength (K/S) and increasing the dyebath pH and mordant concentration decreased the K/S. The optimum pH, dye concentration, dyeing temperature, and mordant concentration for obtaining the highest K/S were 5, 146%owf, 76°C, and 3.8%owf, respectively. The sample dyed under the optimal conditions showed good color fastness properties.

Julian Rua, Henry A. Colorado, Sergio Neves Monteiro

The use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has extensively turned into an environmental global issue that requires multiple approaches to give use or recycle this material. This investigation analyzes the incorporation of PET laminates from post-consumer two-liter soda plastic bottles in combination with a fique fabric as a natural fiber reinforcement and an epoxy resin as the matrix. The value of this composite is the combination of a solid waste material with natural fibers, as a strategy to reduce plastic pollution in high-performance applications. The developed composite is aimed to be used in structural and impact applications. The mechanical properties were evaluated via Charpy and flexural tests, while the microstructure of the composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. From the structural point of view, the sandwich-structure composite proved to be a strong material, while amazingly the energy absorbed in an epoxy-PET-fique composite formulation was found to be better under impact when compared to the neat resin and to the epoxy-fique composite.

Hui Zhu, Xuexue Xiang, Jing Gao et al.

In order to develop far-infrared functional bandage products with excellent performance, tourmaline powder was selected as the far-infrared radiation material and the far-infrared functional finishing of polyester fabric was carried out by the dip-rolling process. Taking the radiation temperature rise value as the index to explore the optimal process conditions for the far-infrared performance, then the microstructure, mechanical properties, comfort performance, and far-infrared radiation performance of the far-infrared bandage were further investigated, respectively. Based on the results, the optimum process conditions for heating bandage have been proposed (tourmaline powder mass fraction, 5%; polyacrylate mass fraction, 25%; impregnation temperature, 40°; impregnation time, 15 min, baking temperature, 140° and baking time, 1 min). After being treated, the mechanical properties of the bandage enhanced, the air permeability decreased, and the moisture permeability increased significantly, indicating its comfort and is suitable for practical application. It was measured that the far-infrared ray emission value of the far-infrared functional bandage was 0.89, which was greater than the 0.80 required by CAS 115-2005 “Health Functional Textiles” standard, proving that the attachment of tourmaline made the far-infrared radiation performance of the bandage significantly improved. These attractive features of the far-infrared functional bandages promise them great potential in far-infrared health care applications.