Hasil untuk "Sports medicine"

Ali Kamil Güngör, Hüseyin Topçu, Yahya Yildirim et al.

Abstract Practical strategies that facilitate rapid restoration of cardiovascular and neuromuscular function are needed to support the short recovery window between matches in high-level wrestling tournaments. This study compared the effects of post-match foam rolling (FR), static stretching (SS), and passive rest (PR) on cardiac-autonomic, hemodynamic, and neuromuscular performance markers in national-level wrestlers. Sixteen male wrestlers (weight class range: 57–92 kg, ≥ 5 years of wrestling experience) participated in this randomized crossover study. Recovery interventions were performed on separate days immediately following a maximal-intensity match simulation. Heart rate variability (HRV), brachial blood pressure (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) parameters were measured pre-match, post-match, immediately post-recovery, and 10 min post-recovery. Across all recovery methods, HRV parameters showed progressive but incomplete recovery following post-match reductions (p < 0.05), while transient post-match BP increases were followed by a hypotensive response (p < 0.05). CMJ parameters were reduced at all post-match time points, with the greatest impairment observed immediately post-recovery (p < 0.05). Although no condition × time interactions were observed (p > 0.05), Hedges’ g effect sizes showed that at 10 min post-recovery, HRV parameters were higher for FR (g = 0.62–0.95), and to a lesser extent for SS (g = 0.54–0.69) versus PR. Mean arterial pressure was lower for FR versus PR (g = -0.69) at the same time point. While effect sizes suggest modest HRV recovery benefits favoring FR with neutral CMJ effects, the lack of statistical significance provides no conclusive evidence to recommend these modalities over PR for post-match recovery. Clinical trial number Trial registration: NCT07305506 (Registered date: 12 December 2025). This study was retrospectively registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07305506 .

Huiying Guo, Jieruo Li, Guiwang Shen et al.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent pollutants that have been linked to chronic inflammation. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that PFAS exposure is associated with an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA). We previously hypothesized that inflammation may facilitate the penetration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) across the joint barrier; however, the potential impact of PFASs on OA progression remains unclear. Herein, we revealed that exposure to PFOS induced joint inflammation, contributing to the development of OA in vivo; PFOS decreased the expression of YAP1 and IκBα, causing inflammation of the synovium and cartilage. The regulation of OA by PFOS is conserved in human synovicytes, synovial explants, and mice. Our findings clarify the hazards and potential mechanisms of PFOS towards joint inflammation and highlight YAP1/IκBα as a potential therapeutic target for OA.

Hadeel Ghazzawi, Raghad Al Aqaili, Batool Khataybeh et al.

The achievements of Olympic athletes are often highlighted, whereas the successes of Paralympians are frequently overlooked. Paralympic athletes with disabilities face unique nutritional challenges due to variations in energy expenditure and nutrient requirements associated with their specific disabilities and sports. Hydration is critical, particularly for athletes with spinal cord injuries, who may struggle with body temperature regulation. Despite the importance of nutrition in enhancing athletic performance, there is a lack of research focused on the nutritional requirements of Paralympic athletes. This scholarly review provides a comprehensive overview of the energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient requirements, including those for minerals and vitamins, supplements, and fluid intake, of Paralympic athletes aged 18 and older. This literature search was conducted via the Scopus and Google Scholar databases and focused on English-language original articles published between 1990 and 2024. This review included 56 studies. These findings highlight the necessity for tailored nutritional planning to support the performance and health of Paralympic athletes. Close monitoring of individual intake is essential to adjust for fluctuations in macronutrients, micronutrient supplements, and fluid intake. Ongoing research is vital for developing effective nutritional strategies that accommodate the diverse needs of these athletes.

Aleksandra Madej, Hanna Senat, Patrycja Grabowska et al.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a progressive chronic multisystemic inflammatory disease of unclear pathogenesis, which presents with noncaseating granulomas and is complicated to diagnose due to the variable clinical presentation of patients. Sarcoidosis may attack any organ, but especially the pulmonary, cutaneous, lymphatic, ocular, hepatic and splenic systems. The most frequent presentations are prolonged cough, rash, visual problems, peripheral lymphadenopathy, tiredness, and occasional abnormality of the chest X-ray. The diagnostic evaluation of sarcoidosis is difficult and often involves a combined effort of clinical data and appropriate imaging modalities. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the available literature on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and management of patients with sarcoidosis Materials and method: The available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write the article, using the keywords ,,sarcoidosis”, ,,cardiac sarcoidosis”, ,,pulmonary sarcoidosis” and ,,cutaneous sarcoidosis”. Conclusion: Sarcoidosis is associated with a significant increase in patient mortality, as well as decreased quality of life and physical disability. Efforts to accurately predict disease progression allow for more comprehensive and personalized patient care. As a life threatening disease, sarcoidosis needs to be diagnosed early and treated appropriately.

Beomman Ha, Mijin Han, Wi-Young So et al.

Abstract Background Frailty is a pervasive clinical syndrome among the older population. It is associated with an increased risk of diverse adverse health outcomes including death. The association between sleep duration and frailty remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and frailty in community-dwelling Korean older adults and to determine whether this relationship is sex-dependent. Methods Data on 3,953 older adults aged ≥ 65 years were obtained from the 7th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Frailty was defined using the Fried phenotype with criteria customized for the KNHANES dataset. Self-reported sleep duration was classified as short sleep duration (≤ 6 h), middle sleep duration (6.1–8.9 h), and long sleep duration (≥ 9 h). Complex samples multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The percentage of male participants with short, middle, and long sleep durations was 34.9%, 62.1%, and 16.8%, respectively, while that of female participants was 26.1%, 59.2%, and 14.7%. The prevalence of frailty in the middle sleep duration group was lower than that in the short and long sleep duration groups in both men (short, 14.7%; middle, 14.2%; long, 24.5%; p < 0.001) and women (short, 42.9%; middle, 27.6%; long, 48.6%; p < 0.001). Both short (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.91 − 4.83) and long (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.36 − 3.88) sleep duration groups had a significantly higher OR for frailty than the middle sleep duration group even after adjusting for confounding variables among women, but not among men. Conclusion Short and long sleep durations were independently associated with frailty in community-dwelling Korean older adult women. Managing sleep problems among women should be prioritized, and effective interventions to prevent frailty should be developed accordingly.

Ki-Woong Noh, Eui-Kyoung Seo, Sok Park

<i>Background and Objectives:</i> There are typical differences in body composition and distribution of muscle fiber types between women and men. However, research investigating the effects of exercise based on sex differences is limited, and studies examining sex differences in physiological adaptations according to exercise type are scarce. We aimed to compare the effects of exercise types on muscle strength and body composition in men and women through a meta-analysis. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EBSCO databases. Keywords included “endurance training”, “resistance training”, “concurrent training”, “muscle strength”, “body composition”, “sex characteristics”, and “men and women”. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was presented separately for men and women based on the pre- and post-intervention values for each exercise type. <i>Results:</i> Concurrent training showed the greatest effect on the increase in leg press muscle strength in men, and resistance training showed the greatest effect in women. Concurrent training showed the greatest effect size in both men and women in increasing bench press muscle strength. Resistance training and concurrent training showed a small effect size on lean mass reduction in both men and women. Endurance training and concurrent training significantly reduced fat mass in men. However, no significant changes in fat mass were observed in any exercise type among women. <i>Conclusions:</i> Concurrent training is the most efficient type of exercise for men, as it is effective in increasing upper- and lower-body muscle strength, increasing lean mass, and reducing fat mass. Resistance training is most effective in increasing muscle strength in females, whereas endurance training is most effective in reducing fat mass. However, it is difficult to corroborate these results because of the lack of study samples included in the analysis and the differences in exercise methods, participant age, and exercise duration.

M.B. Baurzhan, K.B. Abzaliyev, S.A. Abzaliyeva et al.

The sympathetic type of overtraining manifests itself as level of perceived psychological stress increases and coordination reactions decreases during exercise. Clinically this syndrome is manifested by an increase in heart rate, arterial hypertension with frequent headaches. Moreover, most athletes experience an increase in body temperature with a characteristic increase in metabolism. The parasympathetic type of overtraining is a phase of “exhaustion” with an indispensable decrease in the body’s performance. According to the founder of the theory of stress Hans Selye “ exhaustion phase” is an irreversible reaction of the regulatory system, denoting the “death” of the body. The study was conducted at the premises of the sports medicine and rehabilitation center at the Akbulak Olympic Center (Almaty region, Republic of Kazakhstan) with the participation of 30 highly qualified athletes involved in Greco-Roman wrestling of the main group and the control group consisting of healthy volunteers comparable exclusively to males aged between 18 and 35 years old. The sympathetic type of misadaptation is characterized as psychological stress with a typical behavioral and emotional manifestation. A change in autonomic regulation with a predominance of the sympathetic link is an early indication of a breakdown in adaptation with a decrease in performance. With increased sympathetic regulation the athlete’s body is in a condition of constant stress and internal tension, in the future such condition can become a predictor of the occurrence of organic disorders.

Ulf Ekelund, Soren Brage, Bjørge H Hansen et al.

Objectives We compared the ability of physical activity and sitting time questionnaires (PAQ) for ranking individuals versus continuous volume calculations (physical activity level (PAL), metabolic equivalents of task (MET), sitting hours) against accelerometry measured physical activity as our criterion.Methods Participants in a cohort from the Tromsø Study completed three questionnaires; (1) The Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale (SGPALS) (n=4040); (2) The Physical Activity Frequency, Intensity and Duration (PAFID) questionnaire (n=5902)) calculated as MET-hours·week-1 and (3) The International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ) short-form sitting question (n=4896). We validated the questionnaires against the following accelerometry (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) estimates: vector magnitude counts per minute, steps∙day-1, time (minutes·day-1) in sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) non-bouted and ≥10 min bouted MVPA.Results Ranking of physical activity according to the SGPALS and quartiles (Q) of MET-hours∙week-1 from the PAFID were both positively associated with accelerometry estimates of physical activity (p&lt;0.001) but correlations with accelerometry estimates were weak (SGPALS (PAL): r=0.11 to 0.26, p&lt;0.001) and weak-to-moderate (PAFID: r=0.39 to 0.44, p&lt;0.01). There was 1 hour of accelerometry measured sedentary time from Q1 to Q4 in the IPAQ sitting question (p&lt;0.001) and also weak correlations (r=0.22, p&lt;0.01).Conclusion Ranking of physical activity levels measured with PAQs appears to have higher validity than energy expenditure calculations. Self-reported sedentary time poorly reflects accelerometry measured sedentary time. These two PAQs can be used for ranking individuals into different physical activity categories supporting previous studies using these instruments when assessing associations with health outcomes.

Peter Bakalár, Jaroslava Kopčáková, Andrea Madarasová Gecková

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is one of the most cited health protective factors for the prevention of the leading noncommunicable diseases. Four-fifths of adolescents are not reaching public health guidelines for recommended levels of PA globally. Understanding factors that influence PA can aid the design of more effective interventions. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association between potential parental and peer correlates and PA recommendations compliance among 13-16 years old adolescents. Methods: We used nationally representative data originated from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey realized in 2014 in Slovakia. Data were obtained by questionnaires measuring potential parental and peers' correlates. Gender differences were assessed using chi square test. The associations between potential parental or peers' correlates and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) of adolescents were explored using logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, and family affluence. Interaction of the effect of each parental and peer correlate with gender on MVPA was tested. Results: Prevalence of sufficient MVPA was higher among boys than among girls (p < .001). Boys reported more frequently than girls that their best friend does sport every week or that they used to play sport with parents at least once a week (p < .001). All explored variables representing potential parental and peers' correlates were significantly associated with sufficient MVPA of adolescents. However, only the association of a best friend and father doing sport every week and playing sport with parents remained significantly associated with sufficient MVPA of adolescents in mutually adjusted model. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that best friends and fathers may play role in PA behaviour of adolescents through behaviour modelling, and parents in general through tangible parental support (playing sport with children).

Fransiskus Nurseto, Suwarli Suwarli, Ardian Cahyadi

The ability to view toward the goal is the most important factor in the success of football. The low accuracy of kicking towards the University of Lampung football student's goal, it is necessary to know what factors influence the problem. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was an influence between Balance (X1), and Leg Muscle Strength (X2) on the accuracy of kicking the ball towards the goal at the University of Lampung football students. The research method used in this study is a survey method with a test technique, while the analysis technique uses the path analysis approach. The population in this study were all members of the University of Lampung football as many as 70 students. The sample in this study is the entire population used as research samples. Based on the results of data analysis, the results of the study can be voiced as follows: There is a positive influence between the balance of the accuracy of kicking the ball towards the goal (Shooting) at the University of Lampung football students. There is a positive direct effect between Leg Muscle Strength on the accuracy of kicking the ball toward the goal. There is a positive direct effect between Balance on leg muscle strength in the University of Lampung football students. A good balance will restore the balance of the accuracy of kicking toward the goal. Good leg muscle strength will successfully win the accuracy of kicking toward the goal supported by the player obtained. A good balance will cancel the strength of leg players. Thus the accuracy of kicking towards the goal can be increased through increased balance and leg muscle strength.

Daria Zaborna, Beniamin Szmelcer, Natalia Krakowska et al.

Background: The replacement of inefficient or lost organs, especially in the case of lower ends, is associated with a huge experience for the patient, especially in emotional terms. However, with the development of medicine and technology, they allow patients, with properly conducted rehabilitation, to achieve satisfaction with the obtained effects of the treatment. The variety of forms of lower limb prosthesis depends primarily on the location of the prosthesis. Material and methods: Analysis of available literature, articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: Prosthesis, Lower limb, Amputation Results: The lower limb prosthesis is built from a funnel that matches the stump, the mechanism of the knee joint, shin and the foot. Pours that are used at the lower extremities include: a quadrangular funnel, an ICS longitudinal oval or a CAD-CAM, a full-contact hip funnel, a residual femoral funnel or vacuum syphilis used in people with neoplastic amputations. In the case of knee joints, the distinction is made based on the number of axes around which the movement takes place. So we distinguish uniaxial and multi-axis joints. As important as the other parts is the construction of the prosthetic foot, because it is responsible for supporting the limb stabilizers through passive control of the ankle bending. Conclusions: With the new generation of lower limbs prostheses, the patient can lead an active professional life, as well as practice various sports disciplines. However, this does not change the fact that there is still a great need for research, and holistic cooperation to increase the efficiency and satisfaction of life of amputees in the lower limbs.

M. Dubon, K. Abbott, R. Carl

Transgender individuals identify as a gender different than their sex designated at birth. Transgender athletes, as the name implies, are transgender individuals who participate in sports/athletics. By reviewing the literature relevant to transgender athletes and adding commentary on important considerations, this article acts as a primer for the sports medicine clinician on the care of transgender athletes. We cover terminology, epidemiology, policy, and relevant medical considerations. Literature relevant for medical care specific to transgender athletes is still relatively sparse. We highlight many recommended areas of future research with the potential to make valuable contributions to evidence-based sports medicine practice for this population.

W. Kibler, T. Hosea

E. Delahunt, K. Thorborg, K. Khan et al.

Groin pain in athletes is a priority area for sports physiotherapy and sports medicine research. Heterogeneous studies with low methodological quality dominate research related to groin pain in athletes. Low-quality studies undermine the external validity of research findings and limit the ability to generalise findings to the target patient population. Minimum reporting standards for research on groin pain in athletes are overdue. We propose a set of minimum reporting standards based on best available evidence to be utilised in future research on groin pain in athletes. Minimum reporting standards are provided in relation to: (1) study methodology, (2) study participants and injury history, (3) clinical examination, (4) clinical assessment and (5) radiology. Adherence to these minimum reporting standards will strengthen the quality and transparency of research conducted on groin pain in athletes. This will allow an easier comparison of outcomes across studies in the future.

E. Verhagen, C. Bolling

Eliot J Young, C. Macias, Lindsay Stephens

Context: Orofacial and dental trauma continues to be a commonly encountered issue for the sports medicine team. All sports have some risk for dental injury, but “contact sports” presumably incur more risk. Immediate evaluation and proper management of the most common injuries to dentition can result in saving or restoration of tooth structure. Despite the growing body of evidence, mouth guard use and dental protection have not paralleled the increase in sports participation. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search from 1960 through April 2012 was conducted, as well as a review of peer-reviewed online publications. Results: Common dental injuries in sports include tooth (crown) fractures; tooth intrusion, extrusion, and avulsion; and temporomandibular joint dislocation. Mouth guards help prevent most injuries and do not significantly affect ventilation or speech if fitted properly. Conclusion: A working knowledge of the presentation as well as management of commonly encountered dental trauma in sports is essential to the immediate care of an athlete and returning to play. Mouth guard use should be encouraged for athletes of all ages in those sports that incur significant risk.

Jean Mayer, Beverly A. Bullen

J. L. Cook, K. Khan, P. Harcourt et al.

K. Khan, Janet Brown, Sarah Way et al.