Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Barbara Zipser, Andrew C. Scott, Robert Allkin et al.

Ancient and medieval pharmacological and medical texts contain a substantial amount of plant and mineral names. In some cases, the identification is straightforward. But for the majority of the data, we are unable to identify these ingredients with high certainty. In this paper, we discuss a selection of plant and mineral names both from a humanities and sciences point of view. In one case, the scientists were even able to examine a plant in situ. The conclusion of our paper is that a close collaboration between sciences and humanities is essential to avoid mistakes in the identification of materia medica.

A. Yu. Davydov

The author considers the complex process of preparing the USSR for war in the context of the implementation of “socialist reconstruction” (a term put forward by I. V. Stalin in November 1929), which meant a radical restructuring of the economic sphere and related institutions. The article poses a complex problem that presents a symbiosis of a number of topics — the NEP, industrialization, the construction of socialism in the Stalinist way, preparations for a big war. Comprehending the key trends in the evolution of the modernization breakthrough of the late 1920s — early 1940s, the author points to two stages. The first (actually continuing the NEP) was dominated by the principles of the planned use of resources, the content of the second was reduced to the next assault on socialism. The researcher comes to the conclusion that the damage caused to the national economy turned out to be significant and became the reason for the disproportionality of its development. The document presents evidence of the fallacy of the territorial organization of heavy industry and, above all, the military-defense complex on the eve of June 22, 1941. The cause of the catastrophe of the first period of the Great Patriotic War is revealed in the loss of the most important enterprises located mainly in areas close to the western border.

JOANNA NIŻYŃSKA

Nataliya V. Semaan, Elena N. Demesheva, Tatiana V. Baher

The article is dedicated to the history of teaching the Russian language in Lebanon from the end of the XIX century to present times. The authors tried to analyze how the pivotal historical moments of Russian-Lebanese relations influenced the conditions for teaching the Russian language in Lebanon. The article provides a brief description of the programs and methods used in various educational institutions for teaching Russian in Lebanon, depending on the form in which it was in demand for its functioning (at one stage or another). First as a language taught in some Moscow schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, then as a language for preserving the Russian culture of the Diaspora initially formed by first wave immigrants and finally at the present stage, Russian as a foreign language or as a native language for bilingual children of compatriots living in Lebanon.

Grażyna Szwat-Gyłybowa

Bustling About and the Pilgrim’s Way in Mihail Madjarov’s Memoir This article is devoted to reflection on Mihail Madjarov’s memoir prose, На Божи Гроб преди шестдесет години и днес (спомени, пътни бележки и впечатления) (To the tomb of Jesus sixty years ago and today (memoirs, travel notes and impressions), 1929), which is primarily dedicated to the author’s childhood pilgrimage to Jerusalem. In the article, I use the philosophical category of ‘bustling about’ (in Polish: krzątactwo), which was proposed by Jolanta Brach-Czaina, as a category that supports analysis of the strategies, described by Madjarov, of pilgrims experiencing everyday life in the three phases of their peregrination (according to Victor Turner’s classification). The analysis of the material takes into consideration the Ottoman historical context in connection with research on the testimonies of nineteenth-century Bulgarian hadjis.   Krzątactwo i droga pielgrzyma we wspomnieniach Michaiła Madżarowa Artykuł poświęcony jest refleksji nad prozą wspomnieniową Michaiła Madżarowa На Божи Гроб преди шестдесет години и днес (спомени, пътни бележки и впечатления) (Do Grobu Jezusa przed sześćdziesięcioma laty i dziś (wspomnienia, notatki z podróży i wrażenia), 1929), poświęconą głównie odbytej przez autora w dzieciństwie pielgrzymce do Jerozolimy. W artykule posługuję się zaproponowaną przez Jolantę Brach-Czainę filozoficzną kategorią krzątactwa jako kategorią wspomagającą analizę opisanych przez autora strategii doświadczania codzienności przez pielgrzymów w trzech fazach ich peregrynacji (według klasyfikacji Turnera). Materiał analizowany jest z uwzględnieniem osmańskiego kontekstu historycznego, w powiązaniu z badaniami nad świadectwami bułgarskich dziewiętnastowiecznych hadżijów.

R. V. Razumov, S. O. Goryaev

The article is focused on the problem of ordering and adaptation of modern Russian onomastic terminology to its foreign, especially Western European versions. The material for the analysis was the terms and their definitions from the Dictionary of Russian Onomastic Terminology by N. V. Podolskaya, the list of basic terms of ICOS (International Council of Onomastic Sciences) and lists of basic terms and their definitions in English, French and German. The article shows the history of the Russian urbanonymic terminology, noting its systematic nature. At the same time, its shortcomings are pointed out: emergence of new meanings of the term urbanonym that are contrary to the recommendations of the dictionaries and are not included in the conceptual field of the toponym, which is a hypernym for it. The authors note the difficulties in adapting the Russian terminology under Western European, its inconsistency: the term odonym actually acts as a synonym of the Russian term urbanonym . At the same time, it can be argued that in the Western European tradition, in contrast to the Russian one, the complete concept of urbanonym and its hypero-hyponymic relations is missing. The revision of the list of basic ICOS onomastic terms is needed, introduction of a term similar to the Russian urbanonym , its precise definition, definition of the scope of the specific terms and its components.

K. Gurchiani

rescue him. Interspersed letters from an anonymous neighbor, whom Lidia decides to call Vespasian, add a different note. He describes himself as older and confined to a wheelchair; his final letter is misogynist and unpleasant. The narrator says little about these elements, but they definitely suggest thoughts about the place of entitled patriarchy in 1970s Yugoslavia, a kind of reverse image of the author’s feminism. Chains of sexual abuse recur in the novel, where a character who has been raped or assaulted then abuses another character. All and all Dogs and Others offers a deep but never didactic depiction of the consequences of earlier neglect and mistreatment. Russian poet Marina Tsvetaeva shows up twice in the narration—once à propos of her suicide by hanging, and once regarding her shaved head at a moment in her adolescence, a detail so specific that Jovanović must have been reading Tsvetaeva’s memoir of Maks Voloshin, or a biography citing it. Perhaps Tsvetaeva is chosen as a female author who had sexual adventures with men and women; the novel’s queer content is important and quite unusual for its time. Sexual encounters, often violent and undesired but sometimes tender, are described matter-of-factly, and the sex involves lots of bodily secretions, especially snot, spit, and semen. Snot and spit appear frequently throughout the book, keeping the many tears of its characters during unpleasant interactions from becoming sentimental. This novel challenges its translator to preserve its great stylistic variety, as colloquial language mixes with sophisticated vocabulary. The latter can result in moments of genuine poetry, such as (briefly) “. . .for they are hymenopterous, timeless beings” (29). The (anti-)heroine and narrator, though not much like Jovanović herself, works in a library and is comfortable with elegant words or references to high culture. The translation’s style overall can be a bit more formal than it needs to be, as if following the Serbian precisely rather than using contractions as in colloquial English. Cox, who translates from Albanian and Hungarian as well as Serbian, maintains the many comma splices and run-on sentences with sharply swerving topics. He successfully conveys the unusual quality of the original style; for this reviewer the style lingered for a while agreeably in her own thinking after every reading session. Cox provides a short informal “In Place of an Introduction,” with a helpful list of the characters whose names begin with the letter M: almost everyone else important enough to have a name, besides the main character, her brother Danilo and her grandmother Jaglika. This (non-)introduction would not put off a non-academic reader, though I wonder how many non-academic readers might care to read such a book, which rewards wider knowledge of literature and feminist scholarship. A more academic afterword and a bibliography of Jovanović’s substantial publications—most still untranslated—follow the text of the novel itself. Dogs and Others will interest anyone interested in LGBTQ literature and history, women’s writing, Serbian or Yugoslav literature, and literature in general, though best for readers who can perceive the complexity of its intentions.

Alan Timberlake

Rasa Ruseckienė

Katarina Podbevšek

V prispevku razpravljam o slabem in dobrem glasnem branju literarnega besedila in poudarjam nujnost priprave za učinkovito izvedbo. Na primeru Jesihovega soneta Nekega dne, ob uri, ko mrači se predstavim pripravljalni postopek na glasno interpretativno branje (govorno interpretacijo). Opozorim na pomembnost razbiranja pomenov v manjših besedilnih enotah in na mesta v jezikovni strukturi, ki omogočajo različne govorne izbire in s tem individualizirano govorno izvedbo.

- Cui Liwei

The article characterizes a cultural component in word meaning. The author studies implicit and explicit ways of rendering cultural information.

Andreas Schönle

Perina Vukša Nahod

Neo-Štokavian dialects preserve the inherited Proto-Slavic accent paradigms relatively well. The paper discusses the accentuation of the masculine o-stems in the Neo-Štokavian dialect of Komazini and describes the changes that occurred in the accent paradigms (a. p.). It presents many examples of masculine o-stems obtained through field research. There are examples of a shift of certain nouns from a. p. A to a. p. B, but no secondary accentual changes in the plural paradigms have been observed. Old stative paradigms, accentual mobility, and accentual shifts to proclitics are all well preserved in a. p. C, as are plural forms with the accent on the first syllable. Most of the a. p. B nouns have adopted the accentuation of a. p. C in the plural, while the opposite influence is not attested, and a. p. A is minimally affected. Finally, examples of a possible synchronic a. p. D have been found.

Рима Циценене

Цель статьи — проанализировать эволюцию представления о рукописной книге и ее рецепции обществом ВКЛ. Для этого требуется установить, каким образом в обществе проявлялась рецепция книги и как это отраженo в источниках того времени. Материалом исследования послужили рукописные кодексы, архивные документы и объекты искусства. Установлено, что книга удовлетворяла служебные, общественные и личные потребности членов общества того времени. С увеличением числа экземпляров и собраний, с повышением разнообразия взаимоотношений человека с книгой в обществе ВКЛ изменялось и само представление о книге. Если на раннем этапе кодекс воспринимался как статичный, сакральный, целостный объект, мало подверженный человеческому влиянию, то уже с XV в. можно говорить о книге как о мобильном, меняющемся объекте, крайне зависимом от связанного с ним человека. Книги мигрировали в географическом и жизненном пространстве. В начале XVI в. изменилось восприятие целостности книги. Понятие о кодексе как о единице, физически объединяющей отдельные произведения (книги), сменило понятие кодекса как единого целого (нового произведения), имеющего общие внутренние и внешние признаки. Ключевые слова: рукописная книга, средневековые кодексы, книжная культура, книга и средневековое общество, Великое княжество Литовское. ... Rima Cicėnienė The reception of the manuscript book in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th– mid-16th centuries The article aims to analyze changes in society’s view of the manuscript book and its reception. The author investigates the ways in which society manifested its reception of the book and how it is reflected in the sources of that time. Manuscript books, archival sources, and objects of art were used as the sources for the research. It has been established that the book satisfied official, social, and personal needs of society and individuals of the time. As books and collections became increasingly numerous and the relationship with books diversified, the idea of the book in the GDL’s society also underwent a significant change. While during the early stage of the period under study a book was understood as a static and uniform sacral object little influenced by an individual, since the 15th century it was considered to be a mobile, mutable object strongly affected by the persons directly connected with the book. Codices migrated both in the geographical and living space. In the early 16th century, the concept of a book as a unit item also underwent a significant change. The concept of a codex as an object that physically joins separate works (books, liber) was replaced by the idea of a codex as an integral unit (a new work) which possesses both internal and external unifying elements of a book.

Igor Kramberger

Izhodišče študije je brošura, ki jo je pripravil Matija Ogrin, tretji glavni urednik zbirke Zbrana dela slovenskih pesnikov in pisateljev, kot oporo urednikom posameznih zbranih del. Ob nekaj primerih je nakazana zgodovina vrednotenja pisateljev in njihovega uvrščanja v zbirko. Opozorjeno je tudi na spreminjanje statusa urednikov takšnih izdaj. S tem je utemeljen predlog za izdelavo priročnika, ki bi vseboval analitične predstavitve doslej objavljenih knjig, podrobneje gradiva v Opombah in njihove zgradbe, torej znanstvenega dela vsake knjige.

Andreja Žele

D I Ivanov

This article is devoted to the main mechanisms of transformation and materialization of an abstract romantic notion «pobeda» («victory») and of creating a new style of a rock composition which is the base of new Russian linguistic personality realization at the end of the 1980-s.

Медина Елисова

Straipsnis skirtas “traukinio” įvaizdžio kaip autorinės B. Pasternako mitopoetinės sistemos dalies analizei. Šis įvaizdis nagrinėjamas kaip izomorfinis universaliam “pasaulio medžio” simboliui ir kitų “pasaulio medžių” izomorfų rytinių slavų etnomitopoetinės sistemos fone. Analizė susideda iš nuoseklios įvaizdžio trijuose loginėse semantinėse pozicijose identifikavimo: įprasminimo subjektas, gretinimo subjektas ir gretinimo objektas, išskiriant tiesioginius įvaizdžio deskriptorius (reikšmes), reversinius deskriptorius (motyvus) ir perprasminimo kodus. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtina, kad mitopoetinių reikšmių dalis yra daug didesnė už enciklopedinių reikšmių dalį.

Elizabeth Jones Hemenway

Lawrence D. Orton